Cikakken Jagora ga Windows Server: Menene Shi, Abin da Ake Amfani da shi, da Siffofinsa

Informatec Digital » Bauta » Cikakken Jagora ga Windows Server: Menene Shi, Abin da Ake Amfani da shi, da Siffofinsa

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin dalilin da yasa manyan kamfanoni, cibiyoyin ilimi, har ma da SME da yawa za su iya raba bayanai cikin aminci, tsara manyan fayiloli, da sarrafa masu amfani ba tare da yin hauka ba? Amsar sau da yawa tana ta'allaka ne a cikin ingantaccen tsarin aiki na uwar garken kamar Windows Server. A cikin shekaru da yawa, wannan dandali ya kasance mabuɗin ga canje-canjen dijital na ƙungiyoyi, yana ba su damar sabunta abubuwan more rayuwa da kuma cin gajiyar duka gajimare da muhallin gida.

A cikin duniyar dijital da ke ƙara haɓaka, zabar fasahar da ta dace don gudanar da hanyar sadarwa na iya yin bambanci a cikin tsaro, inganci, da yawan aiki. Don haka, cikakkiyar fahimtar menene Windows Server, fasali, nau'ikan sa mafi dacewa, da yuwuwar da yake bayarwa ya zama mahimmanci. Wannan labarin ya rushe duk wannan ilimin a fili kuma daki-daki don ku iya yanke shawara mai zurfi kuma ku yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki mai ƙarfi.

Menene Windows Server kuma menene ake amfani dashi?

Windows Server ne a Tsarin aiki na uwar garken da Microsoft ya ƙera ya keɓance musamman ga gudanar da hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci, ajiya, sabis na yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen kamfanoni.Ko da yake yana raba wasu kamanceceniya tare da nau'ikan Windows na gida, kamar mahaɗar hoto da wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, Windows Server an inganta shi don ƙwararrun mahalli inda kwanciyar hankali, tsaro, da gudanarwa na tsakiya ke da mahimmanci.

Tsarinsa yana ba ku damar sarrafawa, daidaitawa da kare albarkatu a cikin hadaddun hanyoyin sadarwa.: yana da alhakin sarrafa masu amfani, sarrafa damar shiga, raba fayiloli amintacce, aikace-aikace ko gidajen yanar gizo, da sarrafa sabar. Bugu da kari, Windows Server ita ce ginshiki na tsakiya a cikin kungiyoyin da ke aiki da fasahar Microsoft kamar ASP.NET, SQL Server, Exchange, SharePoint ko Active Directory, Bayar da haɗin kai wanda ke sauƙaƙe gudanarwa da haɓaka hanyoyin da aka tsara. Koyi game da nau'ikan sabar sadaukarwar Windows daban-daban zai iya taimaka muku fahimtar takamaiman aikace-aikacenku.

An ƙera wannan tsarin aiki don aiki akan gine-gine abokin ciniki-uwar garken, goyon bayan mahara haɗin kai lokaci guda da kuma kyale biyu na gida da kuma m sarrafa albarkatun.

Tarihi da juyin halittar Windows Server

Tarihin Windows Server ya tafi kafada da kafada da ci gaban fasaha a duniyar kasuwanci. Sigar farko ita ce Windows 2000 Server, wanda aka saki a farkon karni na XNUMXst, kuma ya wakilci ci gaba daga dandamali na baya, gami da haɓakawa don fayil, bugu, da sabar yanar gizo.

Tun daga nan, Microsoft ya kasance yana fitar da sabbin nau'ikan wanda ba kawai inganta tsaro da aiki ba, har ma ya haɗa da sababbin abubuwa don daidaitawa ga yanayin masana'antu kamar haɓakawa, ƙididdigar girgije, da kuma sarrafa kayan aiki.

Wasu daga cikin fitattun sigarori sune:

• Windows 2000 Server: Wannan shi ne ƙaddamar da layin a hukumance, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan ainihin bukatun SMEs da kuma haɗa ayyuka daban-daban a cikin sabar guda ɗaya.
• Windows Server 2003: Inganta tsaro da kwanciyar hankali sosai.
• Windows Server 2008 da 2008 R2: Ya haɗa Hyper-V, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan asali na Microsoft, yana ba da damar sarrafa ingantattun injuna. Sigar R2 ita ce sigar farko mai cikakken 100-bit.
• Windows Server 2012/2012 R2: Ya haɓaka haɓakawa, sarrafa ajiya, da damar girgije.
• Windows Server 2016: Ya gabatar da kwantena (Docker), bugu na Nano Server mai sauƙi, da gagarumin ci gaba a cikin tsaro da haɓakawa.
• Windows Server 2019: Ya mayar da hankali kan ƙididdigewa, haɗin kai tare da Azure, da sadaukar da kai ga ayyukan haɗin gwiwa.
• Windows Server 2022: Shine sabon salo kuma mafi girman ci gaba dangane da tsaro, hadewar gajimare, sassauci, da aiki.
• Windows Server 2025: Ko da yake a halin yanzu sosai, yana da nufin haɓaka haɓakawa, hankali na wucin gadi, da babban haɗin girgije mai yawa.

Babban ayyuka na Windows Server

Daya daga cikin manyan kyawawan dabi'un Windows Server shine iyawar sa. Yana ba da damar komai daga sarrafa ƙaramar hanyar sadarwa ta ciki zuwa tura manyan ayyuka a cikin kamfanoni na duniya.Ayyukansa na asali sun haɗa da:

• Ikon mai amfani da na'ura: Active Directory yana keɓanta ikon asusu, izini, da ingantaccen aiki a duk hanyar sadarwar.
• Gudanar da fayil da ajiya: Yana ba da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi don raba fayiloli, ƙirƙirar albarkatun da aka raba, sarrafa adadin sararin samaniya, da tabbatar da tsaro na bayanai.
• Sabar aikace-aikace: Mai watsa shiri da gudanar da aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, duka na yau da kullun (misali, a cikin ASP.NET) da daidaitattun hanyoyin Microsoft ko na ɓangare na uku.
• Haɓakawa (Hyper-V): Yana ba ku damar ƙirƙira da sarrafa injunan kama-da-wane, haɓaka amfani da kayan aiki da sauƙaƙe gudanarwar haɓakawa, gwaji, da yanayin samarwa.
• Ayyukan Yanar Gizo (IIS): Yana ba da Sabis na Bayanin Intanet, uwar garken gidan yanar gizo na asali na Microsoft, mai kyau don ɗaukar hotuna, APIs, da dandamalin kasuwancin e-commerce.
• Ayyukan hanyar sadarwa: Yana sarrafa zirga-zirga tsakanin na'urori, sarrafa damar nesa (VPN, DirectAccess), sanya adiresoshin IP (DHCP) kuma yana warware sunayen yanki (DNS).
• Ajiyayyen da farfadowa: Ya haɗa da kayan aiki don kare mahimman bayanai da dawo da tsarin bayan aukuwa.
• Saka idanu da gudanarwa na tsakiya: Tare da mafita kamar Windows Admin Center ko PowerShell, zaku iya sarrafa duk sabar da ayyuka daga mu'amala guda ɗaya.

A ƙarshe, Windows Server ita ce 'kashin baya' wanda ke ba da damar kowane abu don gudana cikin sauƙi a cikin ƙungiyar zamani.

Daban-daban fasali da fa'idodi akan sauran tsarin aiki

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran mashahuran zaɓuɓɓuka kamar Linux, Windows Server ya yi fice wajen haɗa shi cikin wuraren kasuwanci na Microsoft da kuma sauƙin gudanarwa, musamman a wuraren da software na kamfanin ya fi yawa.

Daga cikin fa'idodin gasa muna samun:

• Ingantacciyar hanyar dubawa: Ba kamar sauran tsarin ba, yana ba da yanayin gani mai amfani mai amfani wanda ke rage tsarin ilmantarwa, wanda yake cikakke ga waɗanda ke fitowa daga Windows na gargajiya.
• Haɗin kai mara kyau tare da sauran dandamali na Microsoft: Yana aiki ba tare da matsala ba tare da Azure, Microsoft 365, SharePoint, Musanya, da Ƙungiyoyi, yana sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwa da sarrafa takardu.
• Sabuntawa da tallafi na hukuma: Microsoft yana ba da garantin dogayen kewayon tallafi da sabuntawa na yau da kullun waɗanda ke inganta tsaro da kwanciyar hankali.
• Babban Haɓakawa tare da Hyper-V: Yana sauƙaƙe haɓaka uwar garken da inganta kayan aiki, adana farashi da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki.
• Littafin Jagora: Littafin jagora mai aiki jagora ne a cikin ainihin asali da sarrafa izini.
• Scalability da sassauci: Zai iya girma tare da kasuwancin ku, yana tallafawa da yawa zuwa dubunnan masu amfani ko na'urori.

Don duk waɗannan dalilai, Windows Server shine zaɓi na ma'ana ga kamfanoni waɗanda ke aiki tuƙuru tare da yanayin yanayin Microsoft kuma suna son tabbatar da dacewa da goyan bayan ƙwararru.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin Windows da Windows Server

Kuskure na gama gari shine Windows Server shine kawai sigar mabukaci mai ƙarfi na Windows (kamar Windows 10 ko 11). Babu wani abu da zai wuce gaskiya. Dukansu an yi su ne don dalilai daban-daban:

• Windows (tebur): Mai da hankali ga masu amfani da ƙarshe, ayyuka kamar bincike, multimedia, wasanni, sarrafa kansa na ofis, da wadataccen ƙwarewar gani.
• Windows Server: An mai da hankali kan kasuwanci, sabobin, da sarrafa albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa, tare da mai da hankali kan kwanciyar hankali, tsaro, da sarrafa masu amfani da sabis da yawa.

Yayin da Windows na yau da kullun yana mai da hankali kan sauƙin amfani da iri-iri na aikace-aikace, Windows Server yana mai da hankali kan gudanarwa ta tsakiya, ci gaba da aiki, da tsaro na ci gaba.

Bukatun tsarin da la'akari don shigar da Windows Server

Kafin shigar da kowane sigar Windows Server, Yana da kyau a tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin sun cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatuDuk da cewa kowace bugu tana da nata abubuwan da suka dace, gabaɗaya ana buƙatar waɗannan abubuwa:

• Mai sarrafawa: 64-bit, aƙalla 1,4 GHz, tare da goyan bayan haɓakawa da tsarin koyarwa na zamani.
• RAM: Mafi ƙarancin 512 MB (ko 2 GB don cikakken shigarwa na hoto).
• Wurin diski: Akalla 32 GB kyauta, zai fi dacewa akan faifan SSD ko NVMe don ingantaccen aiki.
• Adaftar hanyar sadarwa: Mai jituwa tare da PCI Express da mafi ƙarancin saurin 1 Gbps.
• Sauran abubuwa: Samun damar Intanet don sabuntawa da kunna lasisi, kuma a wasu lokuta guntu TPM 2.0 (Trusted Platform Module) don abubuwan tsaro na ci gaba.

Don sabuwar sigar, Windows Server 2022, waɗannan buƙatun sun kasance, tare da tsauraran shawarwari don mahallin kasuwanci da ingantacciyar tallafi ga kayan aikin zamani da kayan aiki masu inganci.

Siffofin Sabar Windows da Buga: Wanne Ya Kamata Ka Zaba?

Katalojin sigar Windows Server ya bambanta daga ainihin mafita don ƙananan kasuwanci zuwa bugu na manyan cibiyoyin bayanai. Manyan bambance-bambancen yanzu sune:

• Muhimman abubuwa: An yi niyya ga SMEs, tare da iyakance masu amfani da na'urori, amma cikakke don farawa akan ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi.
• Standard: An ba da shawarar ga 'yan kasuwa masu matsakaicin girma, yana goyan bayan wasu ƙima da ƙima mai ma'ana.
• Cibiyar Bayanai: An ƙirƙira don manyan ƙungiyoyi da cibiyoyin bayanai waɗanda ke buƙatar haɓakawa mara iyaka, ƙayyadaddun hanyar sadarwar software, da wadatuwa mai yawa.
• Azure Datacenter / Azure Stack: An daidaita shi don sarrafa haɗin gwiwa da cikakken haɗin kai tare da girgijen Microsoft.

Bugu da kari, akwai zaɓuɓɓukan shigarwa kamar Mahimmin Server (ba tare da dubawar hoto ba, mai sauƙi kuma mafi aminci, don gudanarwa mai nisa) da Uwar garken tare da Kwarewar Desktop (ya haɗa da cikakken yanayin hoto, wanda ke nufin waɗanda suka fi son gudanar da al'ada).

Haɗin kai tare da gajimare da yanayin yanayin Microsoft

Babban ƙarfin Windows Server a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shine Haɗin kai mara kyau tare da Microsoft Azure, Microsoft 365 da sauran dandamali na kamfaniWannan yana ba da damar tura mahallin mahalli inda albarkatun kan-gida da sabis na girgije ke sadarwa da juna ba tare da matsala ba.

• Azure Arc: Sarrafa sabar Windows (da Linux) a duk inda suke, daga na'urar wasan bidiyo na Azure, gudanarwa, tsaro, da sarrafa kansa.
• Ajiyayyen da Farfaɗowar Yanar Gizo: Madogara ta atomatik da dawo da bala'i ta hanyar gajimare.
• Aiki tare da Microsoft 365: Ana iya raba fayiloli akan sabar Windows da aiki tare da Office 365, SharePoint, ko OneDrive.

Wannan haɗin kai yana ba wa 'yan kasuwa sassauci don cin gajiyar mafi kyawun duniyoyin biyu: ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aikin kan-gida da haɓakar girgije.

Babban Tsaro a cikin Windows Server

Tsaro shine babban fifiko a wuraren kasuwanci. Windows Server 2022, da sigogin da suka gabata, sun ɗaga barga tare da sabbin abubuwa kamar:

• Secured-Core Server: Ingantacciyar kariya a hardware, firmware, da matakan tsarin aiki, godiya ga fasali kamar TPM 2.0 da Secure Boot.
• Rubutun Rubutun Zamani: aiwatarwa na asali na TLS 1.3, AES-256-GCM da AES-256-CCM boye-boye don matsananciyar garkuwar sadarwa da bayanai.
• Windows Defender ATP: Kariya mai fa'ida wanda ke gano barazanar a ainihin lokacin, yana nazarin halayen da ake tuhuma, da kuma amsa ta atomatik ga abubuwan da suka faru.
• SMB akan QUIC: Ƙa'idar da ke inganta amintaccen raba fayil akan Intanet ba tare da buƙatar VPN na gargajiya ba.
• Sabunta tsaro ta atomatik da faci masu zafi: Rage raguwar lokaci kuma karewa daga lahani ba tare da tilasta sake yin aiki ba (a kan bugu na Azure).

Waɗannan abubuwan haɓakawa suna sa Windows Server ya zama abin dogaro ga mahalli inda kariyar bayanai ke da mahimmanci.

Haɓakawa da sarrafa injin kama-da-wane tare da Hyper-V

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi girmamawa na Windows Server don nau'o'i da yawa shine Hyper V, da hadedde na gani dandali. Yana ba ku damar ƙirƙira, gudana, da sarrafa injunan kama-da-wane da yawa akan uwar garken jiki guda ɗaya, haɓaka albarkatu da sauƙaƙe gudanarwar mahalli masu rikitarwa.

• Babban fa'idodin Hyper-V:
• Rage farashin kayan masarufi ta hanyar ƙarfafa sabar na zahiri.
• Yana sauƙaƙe keɓance aikace-aikace da mahalli (ci gaba, gwaji, samarwa).
• Yana ba da damar aiwatar da nau'ikan Windows daban-daban, ko ma wasu tsarin, a layi daya.
• Yana goyan bayan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙirƙira (mai gudana hypervisors a cikin VM), mai amfani don gwaji na ci gaba.
• Babban Gudanar da albarkatu: Keɓance ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, CPU, da ma'ajiya bisa buƙatun kowace injin kama-da-wane.

Kwantena, Kubernetes, da aikace-aikacen zamani

Bin yanayin zuwa sabunta aikace-aikace da agile turawa, Windows Server ya inganta goyon bayansa ga kwantena (Windows da Docker) da kuma yin amfani da Kubernetes.

Akan Windows Server 2019 da 2022:

• Rage girman hotunan kwantena, tare da zazzagewa da sauri da inganci mafi girma.
• Inganta haɗin kai tare da Kubernetes, sauƙaƙe gudanar da ayyukan da aka rarraba da kuma ci gaba na atomatik.
• Takamaiman kayan aikin don ɗaukar aikace-aikacen NET.

Mafi kyawun ayyuka don aiwatarwa da gudanarwa

Nasarar aiwatar da Sabar Windows ta ƙunshi ba kawai shigar da tsarin ba, har ma da tabbatar da tsaro, aiki, da sauƙin gudanarwa. Wasu mahimman shawarwari sun haɗa da:

• Zabar daidai bugu: Koyaushe ya dogara da girman da bukatun kamfanin.
• Inganta IIS (Sabis ɗin Bayanan Intanet): Kunna caching, matsawa, iyakokin haɗin gwiwa, da sauransu, don haɓaka saurin lodi na shafuka da aikace-aikace.
• Ƙarfafa tsaro: Sabuntawa akai-akai, riga-kafi da aka kunna, ingantaccen tsarin wuta, da amfani da takaddun shaida na SSL don musayar rufaffiyar.
• Sarrafa ta amfani da Windows Admin Center: Yana ba da sauƙi, cikakkiyar ra'ayi na duk sabobin da ayyuka daga wuri mai mahimmanci.
• Yi ayyuka ta atomatik tare da PowerShell: Yana adana lokaci kuma yana rage kurakurai a cikin matakai masu maimaitawa.
• Jadawalin madadin atomatik da gwajin dawo da bala'i: Don rage haɗarin asarar bayanai ko faɗuwar tsarin.
• Saka idanu aiki: Yi amfani da kayan aikin ɗan ƙasa da na ɓangare na uku don gano ƙugiya da daidaita albarkatu bisa buƙata.
• Inganta bayanan MSSQL: Yi bita fihirisa, haɗin ruwa, da haɓaka tambayoyin don hana raguwar aikace-aikacen.

Gudanarwa mai fa'ida da ƙwararru yana tabbatar da kasancewar sabar koyaushe, amintacce, kuma a shirye don amsa kowane ƙalubale.

Windows Server FAQ

• Menene sigar farko ta Windows Server? Windows 2000 Server, wanda aka saki a cikin 2000.
• Wadanne bugu ne ake samu a halin yanzu? Mahimmanci, Standard, Datacenter da Azure Datacenter.
• Me yasa Windows Server 2022 ya fice? Ingantaccen tsaro, haɓaka haɓakawa tare da Azure, da ingantaccen tallafi don sabbin fasahohi kamar kwantena da Kubernetes.
• Wadanne fa'idodi ne yake bayarwa akan Linux? Ingantacciyar haɗin kai a cikin wuraren da fasahar Microsoft ta mamaye, sauƙin gudanarwa, da tallafin ƙwararru kai tsaye.
• Za a iya amfani da shi a duka GUI da ainihin yanayin? Ee, yana ba ku damar daidaita ƙwarewar gudanarwa zuwa abubuwan da kuke so da buƙatunku.

Lokacin nazarin halin yanzu da makomar hanyar sadarwa da gudanarwar uwar garken, a bayyane yake cewa Windows Server ya kasance muhimmin ginshiƙi na abubuwan more rayuwa na zamani. Juyin Juyin Halitta na yau da kullun zuwa mafi girman tsaro, haɗin gajimare, da haɓaka albarkatu yana sa ya zama abin dogaro kuma mai dacewa ga kamfanoni biyu da suka riga sun kasance wani ɓangare na sararin samaniyar Microsoft da waɗanda ke neman ingantaccen dandamali mai ƙima, ba tare da sadaukar da sauƙin amfani da goyan bayan ci gaba da sabuntawa ba. Zaɓin uwar garken Windows yana nufin zabar hanyar da ke samun goyan bayan ƙirƙira da ƙwarewar miliyoyin kamfanoni a duk duniya.