- Crontab Linux yana ba ku damar tsara ayyuka ta atomatik a takamaiman lokuta.
- Tsarin fayil ɗin Crontab ya haɗa da filayen kamar mintuna, sa'o'i, da umarni.
- Ana iya juyar da abubuwan da aka fitar da kurakurai don ingantacciyar sarrafa ɗawainiya.
- Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da hanyoyi da izini don guje wa kurakurai a cikin aiwatarwa.
Menene Crontab Linux?
Crontab Linux Abu ne mai mahimmanci ga masu gudanar da tsarin da masu amfani da Linux na ci gaba. Mai tsara ɗawainiya ne wanda ke ba ka damar gudanar da umarni ko rubutun kai tsaye a takamaiman lokuta ko tazara na yau da kullun. Crontab yana amfani da fayil na musamman don ayyana ayyuka da lokacin da yakamata ayi su.
Saitin farko
Kafin ka fara tsara ayyuka tare da Linux Crontab, kuna buƙatar sanin abubuwan yau da kullun da kuma daidaita yanayin ku daidai.
Shigar da Crontab akan Linux
Don farawa, tabbatar an shigar da Crontab akan tsarin ku. A yawancin rarraba Linux, an riga an haɗa shi, amma idan ba ku da shi, kuna iya shigar da shi cikin sauƙi ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa:
sudo apt-samun shigar cron
Da zarar an shigar, zaku iya bincika idan sabis ɗin yana aiki tare da:
systemctl matsayin cron
Tsarin Fayil na Crontab
Crontab yana amfani da fayil na musamman don adana ayyukan da aka tsara. Wannan fayil ɗin yana bin takamaiman tsari. Ga cikakken bayani:
| Campo | Descripción | Karɓar Ƙimar |
|---|---|---|
| Minti | Minti na sa'a (0-59) | 0-59 |
| Hours | Lokaci na rana (0-23) | 0-23 |
| Ranar wata | Ranar wata (1-31) | 1-31 |
| Mes | Watan (1 - 12 ko sunan wata) | 1-12 ko Janairu, Feb, …, Dec |
| Ranar mako | Ranar mako (0-6) | 0-6 o Sun, Litinin, …, Asabar |
| Umurnin | Umurnin aiwatarwa | Hanyar rubutun ko umarni |
Teburin da ke sama yana nuna filayen da suka haɗa fayil ɗin Crontab da ƙimar da aka karɓa don kowane filin.
Misalai masu amfani
Yanzu da kuka san ainihin tsarin fayil ɗin Crontab, bari mu kalli wasu misalai masu amfani na yadda ake tsara ayyuka.
Aiki na yau da kullun a ƙayyadadden lokaci
Ka yi tunanin kana son adana fayilolinku kowace rana da ƙarfe 2:30 na rana. Kuna iya tsara shi kamar haka:
30 14 * * * /hanya/to/copy-command.sh
A cikin wannan misali, "30" yana wakiltar minti, "14" yana wakiltar sa'o'i, kuma alamun asterisks a wasu fagagen suna nufin cewa aikin zai gudana kowace rana da kowane wata.
Aikin Gida na mako-mako a ranar Lahadi
Idan kuna son gudanar da aiki kawai a ranar Lahadi da karfe 9:00 na safe, zaku iya yin shi kamar haka:
0 9 * * 0 /hanya/to/task-command.sh
Filin “0” a farkon wuri yana wakiltar mintuna, “9” yana wakiltar sa’o’i, kuma “0” a filin na ƙarshe yana nuna cewa aikin zai gudana ne kawai a ranar Lahadi.
Aikin wata a Ranar Farko na Watan
A ce kana da wani aiki na wata-wata wanda ke buƙatar gudana a ranar farko ta kowane wata da ƙarfe 3:00 na safe:
0 3 1 * * /hanya/zuwa/umarnin-wata-wata.sh
A wannan yanayin, "0" yana nuna minti, "3" hours, da "1" ranar wata.
Dabaru da tukwici
Juyawa Fitowa
Lokacin tsara ayyuka tare da Linux Crontab, yana da mahimmanci a sarrafa ficewar ayyukan. Kuna iya tura daidaitaccen fitarwa da kuskure zuwa fayil don bita daga baya:
30 14 * * * /hanya/to/copy-command.sh > /path/to/output-file.log 2>&1
Wannan layin umarni yana tura daidaitaccen fitarwa zuwa fayil ɗin "output-file.log" da fitarwar kuskure zuwa fayil iri ɗaya.
Gyara Fayil na Crontab
Don shirya fayil ɗin Crontab, zaku iya amfani da umarni mai zuwa:
crontab -e
Wannan zai buɗe fayil ɗin a cikin tsoffin editan rubutu, inda zaku iya ƙarawa, gyara, ko share ayyukan da aka tsara.
Advanced Automation tare da Crontab Linux
Ya zuwa yanzu, mun rufe tushen tushen Linux Crontab da yadda ake tsara ayyuka masu sauƙi. Yanzu, bari mu bincika ci-gaba ta atomatik da wasu dabaru masu amfani.
Gudanar da Aiyuka a Tazara na Musamman
Crontab yana ba ku damar gudanar da ayyuka a tazara na al'ada. Misali, idan kuna son gudanar da wani aiki kowane minti 15, kuna iya yin shi kamar haka:
*/15 * * * * /hanya/zuwa/task-command.sh
Alamar da ke biye da "/15" a cikin filin mintuna yana nufin cewa aikin zai gudana kowane minti 15.
Haɗa Kwanaki da Lokuta
Kuna iya haɗa ranaku da lokuta don tsara takamaiman ayyuka. Misali, idan kuna son aiki ya gudana a ranar 15 ga Janairu da karfe 3:30 na yamma, zaku iya yin shi kamar haka:
30 15 15 1 * /hanya/to/task-command.sh
Gujewa Canjin Jadawalin
Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da canje-canjen lokaci lokacin tsara ayyuka. Linux Crontab yana ba ku damar guje wa matsalolin tafiyar lokaci ta amfani da UTC maimakon lokacin gida. Don yin wannan, zaku iya saita yankin lokaci a cikin fayil ɗin Crontab ku:
TZ=UTC 30 14 * * * /hanya/to/task-command.sh
Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa aikin yana gudana a lokaci guda ba tare da la'akari da canje-canjen lokaci na gida ba.
Shirya matsala da Kurakurai gama gari
Tsara ayyuka tare da Linux Crontab yana da ƙarfi, amma kuma yana iya zama mai saurin kuskure. Anan akwai wasu shawarwari don magance matsalolin gama gari.
Duba Hanyar Umurni
Ɗaya daga cikin kuskuren da aka fi sani shine ƙayyade hanyar da ba daidai ba don umarni ko rubutun da kake son gudanarwa. Tabbatar cewa hanyar tana daidai kuma fayil ɗin yana aiki.
Duba Izinin Kisa
Idan ayyukanku ba sa gudana, tabbatar da cewa fayilolin da rubutun suna da haƙƙin aiwatarwa. Kuna iya amfani da umarnin chmod don saita izini masu dacewa.
Bitar Fayil ɗin Log
Idan kun haɗu da matsaloli tare da ɗawainiya, bincika fayil ɗin log ɗin da kuka ƙayyade a cikin Crontab. A can za ku sami cikakkun bayanai game da kurakurai.
ƙarshe
A cikin wannan labarin, mun bincika Crontab Linux da yadda ake amfani da shi don tsara ayyuka yadda ya kamata. Daga shigarwa zuwa tsarin tsara ayyuka na ci gaba da magance matsala, yanzu kuna da kayan aikin da kuke buƙata don sarrafa ayyukanku ta atomatik. Linux tsarin. Hakanan zaka iya koyo game da sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa, kamar Shirye-shiryen da mahimmancinsa a cikin sarrafa kansa.
