Misalan Thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullun

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Thermodynamics shine a reshe na kimiyyar lissafi wanda ke nazarin makamashi, zafi da aiki. Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar wani abu mai rikitarwa kuma mai banƙyama, gaskiyar ita ce thermodynamics yana samuwa a cikin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum ta hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa. Daga lokacin da muka tashi har muka kwanta, muna hulɗa tare da ka'idodin thermodynamics ba tare da saninsa ba. A wannan lokacin, mun yi la'akari da misalai a cikin abin da thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullum yana kewaye da mu da kuma yadda yake tasiri rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.

Misalan Thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullun

1. Kofi mai zafi

Ga yawancin mu, ranar ta fara da kofi mai zafi mai dadi. Amma ka taba yin mamakin abin da thermodynamics ya yi da abin sha na safiya? Ya bayyana cewa canja wurin zafi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye kofi a cikin madaidaicin zafin jiki.

Canja wurin zafi a cikin kofin ku

Lokacin da kuka zuba kofi mai zafi a cikin kofi, ana canja zafi daga ruwa a cikin kofi sannan a cikin iska mai kewaye. Wannan tsari ana kiransa da thermal conduction. Kofin yana ɗaukar wasu zafi daga kofi, yana haifar da yanayin zafin ruwan ya ragu a hankali. A lokaci guda, zafi yana watsawa daga saman kofi zuwa cikin iska ta hanyar convection da radiation tarma.

Yadda zaka kiyaye kofi naka yayi zafi

Idan kuna son jin daɗin kofi mai zafi na dogon lokaci, zaku iya amfani da wasu ƙa'idodin thermodynamic:

• Yi amfani da mug mai kauri mai kauri da ƙarancin zafin jiki, kamar yumbu ko gilashin bango mai bango biyu. Wannan zai rage saurin canja wurin zafi daga kofi zuwa waje.
• Sanya murfi akan kofin ku. Wannan zai rage asarar zafi ta hanyar convection da evaporation.
• Yi preheat ɗin ku da ruwan zafi kafin yin hidimar kofi. Wannan zai rage yawan zafin da kofin ke sha daga ruwan.

2. Firinji: Abokin ku na thermodynamic

Firinji yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci a cikin gidajenmu, kuma aikinsa yana dogara ne akan ka'idodin thermodynamics. Godiya ga firiji, za mu iya kiyaye abincinmu sabo da aminci don amfani na tsawon lokaci.

Zagayen firiji

Zagayowar firji ta dogara ne akan matsawa da faɗaɗa iskar gas mai sanyi. Compressor na firiji yana matsawa gas, yana ƙara yawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba. Ana sanyaya gas mai zafi yayin da yake wucewa ta cikin na'ura, yana sakin zafi zuwa waje. Iskar mai sanyi ta faɗaɗa a cikin na'ura mai fitar da ruwa a cikin firiji, yana ɗaukar zafi daga ciki kuma yana sanyaya sararin samaniya. Ana maimaita wannan sake zagayowar a ci gaba da kiyaye zafin jiki na cikin firiji maras nauyi kuma akai-akai, yana nuna yadda thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullun ke taimaka mana adana abinci.

Nasihu don ingantaccen firiji

Don amfani da mafi kyawun ingancin firij ɗin ku:

• Saita zafin jiki zuwa matakin da ya dace (tsakanin 3°C da 5°C don firiji da tsakanin -18°C da -15°C don injin daskarewa).
• Ka guji buɗe kofa akai-akai kuma na dogon lokaci, saboda wannan yana ba da damar iska mai dumi ta shiga kuma yana tilasta firij ya yi aiki tuƙuru don sake kwantar da hankali.
• Tabbatar cewa firij yana da isasshen isashshen sarari a kusa da shi don watsar da zafi sosai.

3. Na'urar kwandishan da thermodynamics

A cikin watanni na rani, kwandishan yana zama ceto ga yawancin mu. Wannan na'urar tana amfani da ƙa'idodin thermodynamics don kiyaye gidajenmu da ofisoshinmu a yanayin zafi mai daɗi.

Yadda kwandishan ke aiki

Kayan kwandishan yana aiki a irin wannan hanya zuwa firiji, amma akan sikelin da ya fi girma. Compressor yana danne gas mai sanyi, yana ƙara yawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba. Ana sanyaya iskar gas mai zafi a cikin buɗaɗɗen iska, yana sakin zafi zuwa waje. Gas mai sanyi yana faɗaɗa a cikin injin fitar da ruwa a cikin gida, yana ɗaukar zafi daga iska na cikin gida yana sanyaya sararin samaniya. Ana rarraba iska mai sanyi a cikin gidan ta hanyar tsarin ducts, yayin da ake fitar da iska mai dumi zuwa waje. Wannan tsari shine wani misali na yadda thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullum ya ba mu damar kula da yanayin zafi mai dadi.

Nasihu don adana makamashi tare da kwandishan

Don rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki kuma ku sami mafi kyawun kwandishan ku:

• Saita zafin jiki zuwa dadi amma ba ƙetare ƙananan matakin (kimanin 24 ° C).
• Rufe tagogi da ƙofofi lokacin da kwandishan ke kunne don hana iska mai sanyi tserewa.
• Yi gyare-gyare na yau da kullum akan tsarin, tsaftacewa ko maye gurbin tacewa kamar yadda ake bukata.

4. Thermodynamics a cikin dafa abinci

Kitchen wuri ne da thermodynamics ya kasance sosai. Daga tafasasshen ruwa zuwa gasa kek, ƙa'idodin thermodynamic suna tasiri yadda muke dafa abinci da shirya abincinmu.

Mai girki mai matsa lamba: misalin dokar Gay-Lussac

Mai dafa matsi shine kyakkyawan misali na yadda thermodynamics zai iya hanzarta aikin dafa abinci. A cewar dokar Gay-Lussac, matsa lamba da zafin iskar gas suna da alaƙa kai tsaye. A cikin tukunyar matsin lamba, tururin ruwa yana kamawa, yana ƙara matsa lamba kuma, saboda haka, zafin dafa abinci. Wannan yana ba da damar abinci don dafa abinci da sauri da inganci.

Matsayin zafi wajen dafa abinci

Canja wurin zafi yana da mahimmanci don dafa abinci. Lokacin da muka zafi abinci, kwayoyin ruwa a cikinsa suna fara rawar jiki da sauri. Wannan makamashin motsa jiki yana canjawa ta hanyar abinci ta hanyar gudanarwa, convection da radiation, dafa kayan abinci da canza yanayin su da dandano, sake nuna mahimmancin thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullum.

5. Injin motar ku da kuma thermodynamics

Duk lokacin da ka tuka motarka, kana cin gajiyar ka'idodin thermodynamics. Injin abin hawan ku yana canza makamashin sinadarai daga man fetur zuwa makamashin injina don kunna ƙafafun.

Zagayen Otto: yadda injin motar ku ke aiki

Injin gas ɗin motar ku yana aiki bisa ga zagayowar Otto, wanda ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu:

1. Abin sha: Fistan yana motsawa ƙasa, yana barin cakuda iska da man fetur su shiga cikin silinda.
2. Matsawa: Fistan yana tashi, yana matsawa cakuɗen da ƙara yawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba.
3. Konewa da faɗaɗawa: Tartsatsin tartsatsin wuta yana kunna gauraya da aka matsa, yana haifar da fashewar da ke tura piston ƙasa.
4. Qarewa: Fistan ya sake tashi, yana fitar da iskar gas daga silinda.

Wannan zagayowar thermodynamic ana maimaita sau dubbai a cikin minti daya don kunna motar ku, yana nuna aikace-aikacen thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullun.

Nasihu don inganta ingantaccen injin ku

Don haɓaka ingancin injin ku na thermodynamic:

• Yi gyaran abin hawa na yau da kullun, gami da canjin mai da tacewa.
• Yi amfani da nau'in mai da masana'anta suka ba da shawarar.
• Guji saurin sauri da birki, saboda wannan yana bata kuzari.
• Shirya hanyoyin ku don rage lokacin tuƙi da yawan amfani da mai.

6. Tufafin da kuke sawa da kuma thermodynamics

Tufafin da muka zaɓa don sakawa a kowace rana ba kawai salon salonmu ba ne, amma suna kuma kare mu daga abubuwa da kuma daidaita yanayin jikinmu. Thermodynamics yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yadda tufafi ke kiyaye mu cikin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli.

Yadda tufafi ke sa mu dumi ko sanyi

Tufafi yana haifar da rufin rufi tsakanin fata da yanayin waje. Lokacin sanyi, tufafi suna kama wani nau'in iska mai dumi kusa da jikinmu, yana rage saurin canja wurin zafi zuwa waje. A wani bangaren kuma, sa’ad da ya yi zafi, tufafin da aka yi da haske da yadudduka na numfashi suna ba da damar gumi ya fita, yana sanyaya fata. Wannan tsarin shine wani misali na aikace-aikacen thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullum.

Thermodynamically m kayan ga tufafi

Wasu kayan sun fi wasu inganci wajen daidaita zafin jiki:

• Wool shine kyakkyawan insulator na thermal kuma yana da abubuwan hydrophobic waɗanda ke kiyaye fata bushewa.
• Auduga yana numfashi kuma yana sha, yana mai da shi manufa don yanayin zafi.
• Za a iya ƙera yadudduka na roba kamar polyester da nailan don su kasance masu numfashi, bushewa da sauri da kuma yanayin zafi.

7. Jikin mutum: na'urar thermodynamic

Jikinmu tsarin yanayin zafi ne mai ban sha'awa. Kullum muna samar da kuma watsar da zafi don kula da yanayin zafi na ciki, ko da a ƙarƙashin canza yanayin muhalli.

Tsarin zafin jiki

Hypothalamus a cikin kwakwalwarmu yana aiki kamar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, yana jin canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da kuma haifar da martani don kiyaye homeostasis. Lokacin da muke zafi, magudanar jininmu suna bazuwa kuma muna yin gumi don watsar da zafi ta hanyar ƙaura. Lokacin da muke sanyi, tasoshin jininmu suna takure kuma tsokoki suna rawar jiki don samar da zafi, yana nuna yadda thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullun ke daidaita yanayinmu.

Yadda motsa jiki ke shafar thermodynamics na jiki

A lokacin motsa jiki, tsokoki suna canza makamashin sinadarai (ATP) zuwa makamashin injina da zafi. Dole ne a watsar da wannan zafin da aka haifar don guje wa zafi. Ƙara yawan jini zuwa fata da gumi yana taimaka mana wajen daidaita yanayin jiki yayin aikin jiki.

8. Thermodynamics a yanayi

Yanayin yana cike da misalai masu ban sha'awa na thermodynamics a cikin aiki. Daga tasirin greenhouse zuwa daidaitawar dabbobi da shuke-shuke, ka'idodin thermodynamic suna tsara duniyarmu ta halitta.

Tasirin greenhouse da dumamar yanayi

Tasirin greenhouse wani tsari ne na thermodynamic na halitta wanda ke kiyaye duniya a yanayin zafin da ake iya rayuwa. Gas din da ke cikin yanayi, kamar carbon dioxide da methane, suna tarko zafi daga rana, suna hana shi tserewa zuwa sararin samaniya. Duk da haka, ayyukan ɗan adam sun ƙara haɓakar waɗannan iskar gas, suna haifar da dumamar yanayi a duniya. Wannan al'amari shine bayyanannen misali na tasirin thermodynamics akan rayuwar yau da kullun da ma'auni na duniyarmu.

Yadda dabbobi da shuke-shuke ke amfani da thermodynamics

Rayayyun halittu sun ɓullo da gyare-gyare masu ban sha'awa don daidaita yanayin zafinsu da kuma cin gajiyar makamashi daga muhallinsu:

• Polar Bears suna da kauri mai kauri da kitse mai yawa wanda ke aiki azaman rufin zafi a cikin Arctic.
• Cacti suna da siffofi da saman da aka daidaita don rage asarar ruwa da zafi a cikin hamada.
• Tsintsiya suna gina tudu tare da tsarin samun iska don daidaita yanayin zafi da zafi na yankunansu.

Tambayoyi akai-akai game da thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullun

Menene entropy kuma ta yaya ya shafe mu?

Entropy shine ma'auni na rashin lafiya ko bazuwar a cikin tsarin. Dangane da ka'ida ta biyu na thermodynamics, entropy na sararin samaniya koyaushe yana ƙaruwa da lokaci. A cikin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, wannan yana nufin cewa hanyoyin dabi'a suna da alaƙa da yanayin rashin daidaituwa da daidaituwa. Alal misali, kofi mai zafi na kofi zai yi sanyi a hankali zuwa zafin jiki, kuma ɗakin da ba daidai ba zai buƙaci makamashi (aiki) don dawo da tsari.

Ta yaya zan iya amfani da ka'idodin thermodynamics don adana makamashi a gida?

Kuna iya amfani da ka'idodin thermodynamics don adana makamashi a cikin gidanku ta hanyoyi da yawa:

• Yi amfani da na'urori masu amfani da makamashi, kamar injin wanki da aka tabbatar da Energy Star da injin wanki.
• Sanya gidanka da kyau don rage zafin zafi zuwa waje a cikin hunturu da kuma ciki a lokacin rani.
• Yi amfani da hasken rana don dumama gidanku da rana.
• Yi amfani da makafi ko labule don toshe hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma rage buƙatar sanyaya iska a lokacin rani.

Ƙarshe akan thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullum

Thermodynamics yana kasancewa a kusan kowane bangare na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, daga kofi na safiya zuwa iskar da muke shaka. Fahimtar yadda ake canja wurin makamashi da kuma canzawa a cikin muhallinmu yana taimaka mana mu yanke shawara da kuma yin amfani da albarkatun makamashi.

Muhimmancin fahimtar thermodynamics a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun

Fahimtar ainihin ka'idodin thermodynamics yana ba mu damar:

• Yi mafi wayo, mafi ɗorewar zaɓukan mabukaci, kamar zabar na'urori masu amfani da makamashi da kuma rufe gidajenmu yadda ya kamata.
• Yi godiya da rikitarwa da kyawun tsarin halitta, daga yanayin ruwa zuwa daidaitawar halittu masu rai.
• Fahimtar ƙalubalen muhalli na duniya, kamar sauyin yanayi, da mahimmancin ɗaukar ayyuka masu dorewa.

Ta yaya ƙananan canje-canje na iya yin babban tasiri akan ingantaccen makamashi

Ƙananan canje-canje a cikin al'adunmu na yau da kullum na iya ƙarawa akan lokaci kuma suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga ingantaccen makamashi da dorewa:

• Kashe fitilu da kayan aiki lokacin da ba a amfani da su.
• Saita ma'aunin zafi da sanyio zuwa matsakaicin zafi a cikin hunturu da bazara.
• Zaɓi hanyoyin sufuri mafi inganci, kamar tafiya, keke ko amfani da jigilar jama'a a duk lokacin da zai yiwu.
• Rage, sake amfani da sake yin fa'ida don rage ƙarfin da ake buƙata don samar da sabbin kayayyaki.

A ƙarshe, da thermodynamics a rayuwar yau da kullum Batu ne mai ban sha'awa kuma mai dacewa ga dukanmu. Ta hanyar fahimtar yadda makamashi ke gudana da canzawa a cikin muhallinmu, za mu iya yin ƙarin bayani game da yanke shawara kuma mu ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba mai dorewa. Daga ƙananan ayyukan yau da kullun zuwa sabbin fasahohi, aikace-aikacen ka'idodin thermodynamic yana da ikon canza dangantakarmu da makamashi da duniyar da ke kewaye da mu.