- Claude Shannon akashandura dzidziso yeruzivo, achimisikidza pfungwa dzakakosha senge bhiti uye entropy.
- Mipiro yake yakakosha mukudzvanya data uye yemazuva ano cryptography.
- Shannon akakurudzira kuda kuziva uye hunyanzvi mukugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara.
- Maitiro ake akasiyana-siyana akabatanidza masvomhu nehuinjiniya, achisiya nhaka inogara mune tekinoroji.
Claude Shannon: Mavambo uye makore ekutanga
Uduku uye dzidzo yepakutanga
Claude Elwood Shannon akaberekwa musi waApril 30, 1916 muPetoskey, Michigan. Akakurira muGaylord, taundi duku uko baba vake vaiva mutongi wekuongorora uye amai vake vaiva mudzidzisi. Kubva paudiki kwazvo, Shannon akaratidza kuda kuziva uye tarenda rakakosha remakanika nemasvomhu.
Wanga uchiziva here kuti Shannon akagadzira teregiramu ine minzwa kuti ataure neshamwari yaigara chinhambwe chekiromita paakanga achiri kuyaruka? Iyi purojekiti yekutanga yaive harbinger yebasa rake remangwana mudzidziso yekutaurirana.
Kuwana kuda kwemasvomhu uye engineering
Muna 1932, Shannon akapinda muYunivhesiti yeMichigan kuti adzidze masvomhu uye engineering yemagetsi. Pakanga pari mukati memakore aya ekoreji paakatanga kugadzira kubatana pakati pemasvomhu, engineering yemagetsi, uye dzidziso yeruzivo iyo yaizozoshandura munda.
Chii chakaita kuti Shannon abatanidze dzidziso idzi dzinoita sedzakasiyana? Mhinduro iri mukufarira kwake Boolean algebra uye mashandisiro ayo kumagetsi ekuchinja maseketi. Iyi mharadzano yepfungwa yaizoisa hwaro hwebasa rake rechimurenga mudzidziso yeruzivo.
Chimurenga mipiro kune ruzivo dzidziso
Thesis yatenzi yakashandura nyika
Muna 1937, Shannon akapa thesis yatenzi wake kuMIT ine musoro unoti "A Symbolic Analysis yeRelay uye Switching Circuits." Iri basa, iro rakashandisa Boolean algebra kumaseketi emagetsi, rinoonekwa nevakawanda sekuzvarwa kwedzidziso ye digital circuit design.
Chii chaive kukosha kweiyo thesis? Chaizvoizvo, Shannon airatidza kuti maseketi emagetsi anogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa zvine musoro uye masvomhu matambudziko. Iyi pfungwa inokosha kune kuti makomputa anoshanda sei yanhasi.
The seminal article "A mathematical theory of communication"
Muna 1948, Shannon akaburitsa magnum opus yake, A Mathematical Theory of Communication, muBell System Technical Journal. Ichi chinyorwa chakateya nheyo dzedzidziso yeruzivo uye inoonekwa seimwe yemabhuku ane simba kwazvo muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Shannon akakurudzira chii muchinyorwa cheshanduko ichi? Akaunza pfungwa dzakakosha senge bhiti (unit Basic information), ruzivo entropy uye chiteshi kugona. Mafungiro aya haana kungoshandura kunzwisisa kwedu kwekutaurirana, asi zvakare akaisa hwaro hwezera redhijitari.
Impact muzera redhijitari
Basics of data compression
Dzidziso dzaShannon pamusoro peruzivo entropy uye coding inoshanda zvakaisa hwaro hwenzira dzemazuva ano dzekudzvanya data. Wakambozvibvunza here kuti zvinogoneka sei kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakawanda zvakadaro pamidziyo midiki yakadaro? Mhinduro iri kunyanya mubasa raShannon.
Compression algorithms, kubva kuRLE yakapusa (Run-Length Encoding) kune yakanyanya kuomarara seJPEG neMP3, yakavakirwa pamisimboti yakagadzwa naShannon. Izvi zvinobvumira saizi yemafaira kudzikiswa pasina kurasikirwa neruzivo rwakakosha, zvichiita kuti kuchengetedza data uye kutapurirana kugoneke muzera redu redhijitari.
Cryptography uye kuchengetedza ruzivo
Shannon akaitawo zvakakosha kumunda wecryptography. Chinyorwa chake "Theory of kukurukurirana "Secret Systems" ye1949 inoonekwa senheyo yemazuva ano cryptography.
Ikoku kunotapura sei upenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva? Pese patinoita kutengeserana pamhepo kana kutumira meseji yakavharidzirwa, tiri kushandisa misimboti inotorwa kubva kubasa raShannon. Basa rake rakateya hwaro hwehurongwa hwe kuchengetedzwa kunodzivirira ruzivo rwedu munyika yedhijitari.
Nhaka yaShannon muhungwaru hwekugadzira
Kubatana nekudzidza muchina
Kunyangwe Shannon asina kushanda zvakananga muhungwaru hwekugadzira, dzidziso dzake paruzivo uye kutaurirana dzave dzakakosha mukusimudzira ndima iyi. Dzidziso yeruzivo inobatana sei nekudzidza kwemichina?
Mafungiro aShannon ehuwandu hweruzivo uye kudzikiswa kwekusava nechokwadi kwakakosha mumashini ekudzidza algorithms. Semuenzaniso, iyo pfungwa yeShannon entropy inoshandiswa mukuvaka miti yesarudzo uye mukuongorora mhando yemamodhi ekudzidza muchina.
Pesvedzero pakuvandudzwa kweneural network
Mazano aShannon pamusoro pekufambiswa kweruzivo kuburikidza nematanho ane ruzha akapesvedzera dhizaini nekunzwisisa kweartificial neural network. Izvi zvinoshanda sei mukuita?
Muneural network, ruzivo rwunofambiswa kuburikidza ne "matanho" eaartificial neurons, akafanana nematsananguriro akaitwa naShannon kufambiswa kweruzivo kuburikidza nematanho ekutaurirana. Mafungiro eruzha uye kudzokororwa muShannon's information theory anoenderana kunzwisisa sei network Neural network inogona kudzidza yakasimba mapatani kubva kune ruzha data.
Eccentric zvigadzirwa uye zvinokuvaraidza
Thisus 'muchina: Muchina wembeva unogadzirisa mazes
Shannon anga asiri iye akangwara chete, asiwo mugadziri wekugadzira. Chimwe chezvaakatanga kugadzira chaive "Theseus muchina", mbeva yemagetsi inokwanisa kugadzirisa maze.
Muchina unoshamisa uyu wakashanda sei? Mbeva, yakatumidzwa zita regamba reGreek raifamba nelabyrinth yeMinotaur, yakashandisa algorithm iri nyore yekutsvaga nzira yayo. Hakusi chete kuti chigadzirwa ichi chaive chitoyi chinofadza, chakaratidzawo misimboti yekudzidza nekugadzirisa matambudziko ayo angave akakodzera kune ramangwana rekuvandudza mune marobhoti nehungwaru hwekugadzira.
The Ultimate Machine: Chishandiso chine chinangwa chimwe chete
Imwe yezvainyanya kuda kuziva zvakagadzirwa naShannon yaive "Ultimate Machine." Chii chakaita kuti muchina uyu uwedzere kukosha? Chinangwa chayo chaive chekudzima.
Kana muchina wacho wabatidzwa, ruoko rwakagadzirwa nemagetsi rwaibva mubhokisi, bhinya switch kuti udzime muchina wacho, wozopindazve mubhokisi. Chigadzirwa ichi, nyangwe chaiita sechisina basa, chaive ratidziro inosetsa uye yehuzivi yekuzvimiririra uye gangaidzo, madingindira akafadza Shannon.
Kuzivikanwa uye kukudzwa
Muhupenyu hwake hwese, Claude Shannon akagamuchira mibairo yakawanda nekuda kwezvipo zvake zvepasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Iyo National Menduru yeSainzi (1966)
- Iyo IEEE Menduru yeKukudzwa (1966)
- Mubairo weKyoto (1985)
Izvi zvinoti kudii nezvemaitiro aShannon panyika yesainzi? Uku kukudzwa kunoratidza kucherechedzwa kwesaenzi kudzika uye kuwanda kwezvipo zvaShannon, izvo zvakabva padzidziso yakachena kuenda kune zvinoshanda zvakashandura nharaunda yedu.
Rutivi rwemunhu rwaClaude Shannon
Hunhu nemararamiro
Kunyangwe nehuchenjeri hwake hungwaru, Shannon aizivikanwa nekuzvininipisa uye nekuseka. Shannon aive akaita sei kunze kwelab?
Aida mitambo nemapuzzle, uye aigara achionekwa akatasva bhasikoro achipfuura nemumahoro eBell Labs achitamba. Uku kusanganiswa kwehunyanzvi uye eccentricity kwakaita kuti Shannon ave akasarudzika uye anodiwa chimiro munyika yezvidzidzo nesainzi.
Ukama hwemunhu nehunyanzvi
Shannon akaroora Mary Elizabeth Moore muna 1949, waakagovana naye kwete hupenyu hwake chete asiwo kuda kwake masvomhu nesainzi. Hukama uhu hwakakanganisa sei basa rako?
Mary, uyo aivawo nyanzvi yemasvomhu, aigara achibatsirana uye aitsigira muupenyu hwaShannon nebasa rake. Kubatana uku kwemunhu nehunyanzvi kwaive kwakakosha kune zvakawanda zvezvakaitwa naShannon uye inoratidza kukosha kwekubatana nekutsigirana mukufambira mberi kwesainzi.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva yemazuva ano
Kukosha kwekuda kuziva uye kugadzira
Chimwe chezvidzidzo zvakakosha zvatingadzidza kubva kuhupenyu hwaClaude Shannon kukosha kwekuchengeta kuda kuziva uye kugona. Tinogona sei kushandisa ikoku muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva?
Shannon akasvika pamatambudziko akaomarara nekutamba uye kugadzira nzira, achimubvumira kuona hukama hwakapotsa vamwe. Muzera redu rekukurumidza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kukudziridza iyi yekuda kuziva uye yekusika kufunga kunogona kutungamirira kune hutsva hunoshamisa.
Kukosha kwe interdisciplinarity
Chimwe chidzidzo chakakosha kubva pamaitiro aShannon kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana. Neiko ikoku kuchikosha nhasi?
Munyika iri kuwedzera kuva nehunyanzvi, kugona kwaShannon kusanganisa ruzivo kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana (masvomhu, ouinjiniya, dzidziso yeruzivo) kwakamubvumira kuita shanduko. Iyi nzira yekudyidzana iri kuwedzera kukosha kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara atinotarisana nawo muzana ramakore rechi21.
Mhedziso: Nhaka isingakanganwiki yaClaude Shannon
Claude Shannon, nepfungwa dzake dzakajeka uye nzira yakasarudzika yekugadzirisa matambudziko, akaisa hwaro hwezera redu redhijitari. Basa rake mudzidziso yeruzivo harina kungoshandura kufambiswa kwemashoko chete, asi rakapesvedzerawo nzvimbo dzakasiyana se cryptography, kudzvanya data, data uye artificial intelligence.
Ndeipi chiyero chechokwadi chenhaka yaShannon? Pese patinotumira meseji, kuona vhidhiyo yekutepfenyura, kana kutsvaga pawebhu, tiri kubatsirwa zvakananga kubva kudzidziso dzekutanga dzaShannon. Chiono chake chenyika yakabatana neruzivo chave chiri chokwadi chedu chemazuva ese.
Sezvatinoenderera mberi nekusundira miganhu yetekinoroji nesainzi yeruzivo, tingaite zvakanaka kurangarira kuda kuziva kwekutamba, maitiro ekudyidzana, uye nzwisiso huru yaClaude Shannon. Basa rake rinotiyeuchidza kuti pamharadzano yekugadzira uye kufunga kwakasimba pane mukana wezviwanikwa zvinoshandura zvechokwadi.
Wakawana nyaya yaClaude Shannon ichinakidza here? Govera chinyorwa ichi neshamwari dzako uye vaunoshanda navo kuti vaparadzire ruzivo nezve iyi diki isingazivikanwe nyanzvi yakashandura nyika yedu!