Unikezelo lweLinux olungcono kakhulu ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwakho kunye nobumfihlo

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Inkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko lwedijithali kunye nobumfihlo bukhule ngokukhawuleza. kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokwanda kohlaselo lwe-cyber, ukubekw' esweni kwabantu abaninzi, kunye nobunzulu bezoyikiso ze-cyber. Ngelixa izigebenga ezinjengeWindows kunye neMacOS zizama ukomeleza iinkqubo zazo, I-Linux izinzile njengeqonga eliphambili labasebenzisi kunye neengcali ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ukungaziwa, kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo kwiikhompyuter zabo kunye nedatha..

Ukuba ungumsebenzisi weLinux okanye ucinga ngokutshintshaMhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba loluphi usasazo olulungileyo lokukhusela ulwazi lwakho kunye nokukhangela ngokukhuselekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kukunceda. Isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwezona zisasazo zeLinux zokhuseleko, uvavanyo lokungena, ubumfihlo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha., echaza iimpawu zabo, izixhobo, izibonelelo, kwaye nokuba zeziphi ezilungele abaqalayo, iingcali, okanye iindawo zoshishino.

Kutheni i-Linux ilukhetho olukhethiweyo lokhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo?

I-Linux ifumene udumo lwayo kwicandelo lokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezinyanzelisayo. Okokuqala, ubunjani bayo umthombo ovulekileyo ivumela nawuphi na umsebenzisi okanye umphuhlisi ukuba ajonge ikhowudi, abone ubuthathaka, kwaye acebise amabala phambi kokuba abahlaseli bawaxhaphaze.

Ukongeza, i ulawulo lwemvume Kwi-Linux, ichaneke ngakumbi kwaye inemiqathango kunezinye iinkqubo, ithintela ukunikezelwa kwamalungelo omlawuli angeyomfuneko. Oku kunciphisa indawo yokuhlaselwa kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokunyuka kwamalungelo, okuxhaphake kakhulu kwiimo zeWindows.

Uluntu olukhulu emva kweLinux kunye nesoftware ecosystem yasimahla Baququzelela uhlaziyo rhoqo, ukukhutshwa kwepatch yokhuseleko, kunye nenkxaso yenani elikhulu lezixhobo ezinikezelwe kukhuseleko, i-forensics, kunye nobumfihlo.. Ukumodareyitha kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka vumela inkqubo ukuba iqhelaniswe phantse kuyo nayiphi na imfuno, ukusuka kusetyenziso lweseva ukuya kwiimvavanyo ze-ethical hacking.

I-Linux ikhusela njani ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi?

Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kwiLinux yindlela yayo yokujonga ubumfihlo.Ngaphandle kwekhowudi yomthombo ovulekileyo kunye neemvume eziphambili, imele:

• Ulawulo loFikelelo lweGranular: Ungachaza kanye ukuba ngubani onofikelelo kwifayile nganye kunye nesiqulathi seefayili.
• I-firewall edibeneyo kunye nolawulo lwenethiwekhi: Izixhobo ezifana Wazuh Bavumela i-traffic ukuba ilawulwe kwaye iinkonzo ezikrokrelayo zivaliwe.
• Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwedatha: Inkxaso yemveli yeLUKS, VeraCrypt, GnuPG kunye nobuchwephesha obufanayo.
• Ukhuseleko lweTekhnoloji yeBoot: Baphucula ukhuseleko kwasekuqaleni kwenkqubo.

Enkosi kwezi mpawu zisemgangathweni, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zeqela lesithathu ezikhoyo, iLinux sisiseko esiluqilima sezona nkqubo zikhuselekileyo nezibucala zokusebenza kwimarike.

Iindidi zonikezelo lweLinux olujolise kukhuseleko

Indalo yeLinux ibanzi kangangokuba kukho unikezelo olulungelelanisiweyo phantse kuyo nayiphi na imeko yokusetyenziswa.Xa sithetha ngokhuseleko, sihlala siluhlela ngokwamaqela amathathu aphambili:

• Usasazo lokuvavanya, i-forensics, kunye ne-ethics hacking: Zibandakanya izixhobo zokuvavanya ukungena, uphicotho lwenethiwekhi, uhlalutyo lwe-malware, kunye ne-digital forensics.
• Ukusasazwa kokungaziwa kunye nobumfihlo: Ilungiselelwe ukhangelo olungaziwa, kungashiyi mkhondo, kunye nokukhusela unxibelelwano.
• Unikezelo lweeseva okanye iindonga zomliloYenzelwe ukuphumeza i-firewall, ii-VPNs, kunye nezisombululo ezidibeneyo zokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi.

Makhe sihlolisise ukhetho oluphambili kuhlobo ngalunye, sichaza iimpawu ezithile, izinto eziluncedo, kunye nezingeloncedo.

Ukusasazwa kwePentesting kunye noVavanyo loKhuseleko

Ukuba injongo yakho kukwenza uphicotho lokhuseleko, uvavanyo lokungena, okanye uhlalutyo lwasenkundleni, Kukho izinikezelo ezininzi ezigxile ekuqhekezeni okusesikweni eza zipakishwe ngezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo. Nalu ukhetho lwezona zibalulekileyo:

Kali Linux

I-Kali Linux yireferensi epheleleyo kwiinkqubo zokuqhekezwa kokuziphatha kunye nokuvavanyaIphuhliswe ngoKhuseleko oluKhuselekileyo kwaye isekelwe kwi-Debian, ivelele ukubandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-600 yezixhobo ezifakwe kwangaphambili zohlalutyo lwenethiwekhi, ukusetyenziswa komngcipheko, ubunjineli obubuyisela umva, kunye ne-forensics yedijithali. Ukujonga nzulu kwiimpawu zayo ezintsha, ungajonga yintoni entsha kwiLinux 6.14.

Ungayiqala iKali Linux kwimowudi ephilayo, yifake kwidisk, okanye uyisebenzise koomatshini benyani., kwaye ixhasa zombini i-x86 kunye ne-ARM ye-architectures (ilungele i-Raspberry Pi kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo). Uluntu lwayo lukhulu, kwaye amaxwebhu atyebileyo anezifundo zokufundisa kuwo onke amanqanaba.

Phakathi kwezicelo zayo eziphambili, uya kufumana iMetasploit, Nmap, Wireshark, John the Ripper, Burp Suite, kunye nezinye ezininzi. Yiyo loo nto ilukhetho olukhethwayo lweengcali, abafundi, kunye neenkwenkwezi ezinjengoMnu Robot.

IProrot Security OS

I-Parrot Security OS yindlela ekhaphukhaphu kunye neguquguqukayo kuvavanyo lokungena, ubumfihlo, kunye nophuhliso olukhuselekileyo. Ngokusekwe kwi-Debian kwaye igcinwe yi-FrozenBox, ivelele kwindawo yayo ye-MATE yedesktop, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphantsi, kunye neenguqulelo ezithile zokusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni, ukusetyenziswa kwelifu, kunye noyilo lwe-ARM.

Ibandakanya iAnonSurf, OnionShare kunye nezixhobo zayo ezininzi eququzelela ukungaziwa kunye nokhuseleko lokwabelana ngefayile ngaphezulu kweTor. Ilungele zombini i-pentesters kunye nabo bafuna inkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.

IBlackArch

IBlackArch yimpendulo esekwe kwiArch Linux kwingqikelelo yeKali. Ijolise kubasebenzisi abaphambili kunye nabachwephesha abafuna ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye netekhnoloji yamva nje. Eyona asethi yayo inkulu indawo yokugcina enezixhobo ezingaphezu kwama-2800 kuzo zonke izigaba ze-cybersecurity, ezinokuthi zifakwe ngokwamaqela okanye ngabanye.

Inika ii-ISO ezininzi: esisiseko (i-netinstall), epheleleyo, kunye ne-slim enye yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ibandakanya iimeko-bume zedesktop ezininzi (i-fluxbox, i-openbox, njl.). Kunzima ngakumbi ukuhlohla, kodwa akunakoyiswa ngokwezixhobo kunye nokumodareyitha.

EmvaBox

I-BackBox izimisele ukulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhleNgokusekwe ku-Ubuntu kunye ne-Xfce njenge-desktop engagqibekanga, ibonelela ngokhetho olugcinwe ngononophelo lweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zovavanyo, uhlalutyo lomthetho, uphicotho lomngcipheko, kunye nokujongwa kwenethiwekhi.

Ikhaphukhaphu, iyakhawuleza, kwaye izinzile, ilungele abo bafuna usasazo olulula ukulisebenzisa ngaphandle kokuncama iimpawu eziphambili.

wifislax

IWifislax igqame njengeyona ndlela inamandla yokuphicotha iinethiwekhi zeWiFi.. Imvelaphi yaseSpain kwaye isekwe kwiSlackware, idibanisa zonke izixhobo ezaziwayo zokuqhekeka, ukuqhekeza, kunye nokuhlalutya iWiFi (Aircrack-ng, Reaver, Wifite, kunye nokunye). Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu, khangela izixhobo ze Linux.

Ngemowudi yayo ephilayo, unokuphicotha iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo ngaphandle kokufaka nantoni na, nangona unokuyisebenzisa kumatshini wenyani okanye kwidiski. I-interface yayo ekulula ukuyisebenzisa iyenza ibe yintandokazi kwabaqalayo kunye neengcali ngokufanayo.

bugtraq

I-Bugtraq yenye inketho ejolise ekukhubekiseni kunye nokuhambelana okubanzi kunye nezakhiwo kunye neemeko zedesktop. Ifumaneka kwiinguqulelo ezisekwe ku-Ubuntu, i-Debian, kunye ne-openSUSE, ibalasele ngenkxaso yayo yeelwimi ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lwasenkundleni.

Olunye unikezelo olukhethekileyo

Kukho ezinye ii-distros ezininzi zokulinda: Xiaopan OS (ilungele uphicotho ngaphandle kwamacingo), IPentoo (Isekwe kwiGentoo, inokwenzeka kakhulu), UKUSETYENZISWA kweLinux y Caine (igxile kwi-digital forensics), ngokunjalo Isakhelo sovavanyo lweWamurai Web y I-NST (uhlalutyo lokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi).

Usasazo lugxile kubumfihlo kunye nokungaziwa

Kwabo babeka phambili ukungaziwa, ufihlo, kunye nokukhangela okungenamthungo, iLinux ineenkqubo ezenzelwe oku. Nazi ezona ziphambili:

Umsila

Imisila (I-Amnesic Incognito Live System) lusasazo olubalulekileyo xa sithetha ngemfihlo epheleleyo. Yenzelwe ukuqalisa ukusuka kwi-USB okanye kwiDVD kwimowudi ephilayo, ayisoze ishiye nayiphi na imikhondo kumatshini kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano ngeTor, iqinisekisa ukungaziwa kwanakwinethiwekhi ezinobutshaba. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuphucula ukhuseleko lwakho, sincoma ukuba ujonge ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwekhompyuter.

Iquka izixhobo ezifana neTor Browser, GnuPG, KeePassX, VeraCrypt, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zonxibelelwano olufihliweyo kunye nokucima idatha ekhuselekileyo. Icetyiswa ngakumbi kwiintatheli, amatsha ntliziyo kunye nabasebenzisi abafuna ingqiqo ephezulu..

Qubes OS

I-Qubes OS igxile kukhuseleko ngokuzihlukanisa kunye nokwahlulahlula.Isicelo ngasinye, uxwebhu, okanye umsebenzi uqhutywa ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani (ityhubhu), ukuthintela usulelo okanye ungenelelo ekusasazekeni kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ukongeza, ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo, ungandwendwela iinkqubo zefayile kwiLinux.

Isekwe kwiFedora kwaye isebenzisa iXen hypervisor, ide ixhase ukwenziwa ngaxeshanye kweWindows kunye nezinye iLinux distros. Yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo ziingcali ezifana no-Edward Snowden, nangona ifuna i-hardware enamandla.

Whonix

UWhonix uhamba ngaphaya kokungaziwa kwesiqheloNgokusekwe kwiDebian, isebenza koomatshini ababonakalayo, abahlula isango kwindawo yokusebenza. Wonke umsebenzi wokusebenzela kufuneka udlule kwinethiwekhi yeTor, ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-IP kunye ne-DNS. Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo, khangela.

Iyahambelana ne-Qubes OS kunye ne-VirtualBox, iquka izixhobo zabucala kunye nokucwangciswa kwe-kernel enzima. Kucetyiswa kakhulu kwabo bafuna ukungaziwa okuzinzileyo nokubhetyebhetye.

Kodachi Linux

I-Kodachi sisisombululo esilungele ukusetyenziswa Igxininise ekungaziwani kwansuku zonke. Ngokusekwe kwiDebian, inokuqhuba isuka kwi-USB okanye kwiDVD, inyanzela zonke izithuthi kuqala ngeVPN kwaye emva koko ngeTor, kunye ne-DNS encryption. Iquka iVeraCrypt, MAT, ZuluCrypt, kunye nezixhobo zokusula i-RAM, kunye nezixhobo zokubethela iifayile kunye nemiyalezo. Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi ngezi zixhobo, jonga uyihlela njani ifayile yenginginya.

Enkosi kuwe "Igumbi le-Panic", inokucima yonke idatha efihliweyo ngegama eligqithisiweyo, iluncedo kakhulu kwiindawo ezingqongileyo ezinobutshaba.

PureOS kunye neSeptor

PureOS Ijolise kubumfihlo obulula kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula, iyenza ilungele abasebenzisi abafuna ukhuseleko ngaphandle kweengxaki. Septor, esekwe kwi-Debian kunye ne-KDE Plasma, ibandakanya iSikhangeli seTor kunye ne-OnionShare, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ukhangele kwaye wabelane ngeefayile ngokungaziwa kwinethiwekhi yeTor. Ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho, jonga Unikezelo lweLinux olungcono lwabancedisi.

Usasazo olukhethekileyo kwiifirewall, iiseva, kunye nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi

Ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho, ukubeka iliso kwitrafikhi, okanye ukuphumeza ii-VPNs kunye ne-firewall, kukho ukuhanjiswa okwenzelwe oku:

• I-ClearOS: Ngokusekelwe kwi-Fedora / i-Red Hat, iququzelela ukuphunyezwa kwee-firewall kunye neeseva ze-SME ezinojongano olulula lwewebhu.
• IPCop: Guqula ikhomputha endala ibe yi-firewall/VPN esebenza kakuhle ngoqwalaselo olusekwe kwiwebhu.
• iFire: Ijoliswe kwi-firewall, indlela kunye neenkonzo ezifana nokuchongwa kokungena, i-proxy kunye ne-Wake-on-Lan (inezinto ezininzi ezininzi kwaye zandiswa ngee-plugins).
• Udonga lweSmoothwall: Ilula kakhulu kwaye izinzile, kunye neenguqu zamahhala kunye nezihlawulwayo, ezisetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukudala imiqobo yenethiwekhi kumashishini amancinci.

Unikezelo lweLinux olunqatyisiweyo lusetyenziswa yonke imihla

Ewe kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ii-distros zokhuseleko ezilungiselelwe kuphela ukukhwabanisa okanye ukungaziwa. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa iLinux kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kodwa ngokhuseleko olukhulu, unokhetho oluninzi:

• IAlpine Linux: I-Ultra-lightweight and robust, isebenzisa i-PaX kunye ne-grsecurity patches ngokungagqibekanga kunye nokunciphisa ukuphuphuma kwe-buffer. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, bona Oregon 10 Linux.
• IWallWall: Inikezela nge-kernel eqinile kunye nenkqubo eqinile yegeneric, kunye nogxininiso kukhuseleko lokungena.
• Icandelo le-OS: Isekuphuhliso, kodwa iyasebenza. Yomeleza ubumfihlo ngokusetyenziswa kweTor, i-sandboxing ephucukileyo, kunye neepetshi zokhuseleko, nangona ingakhuthazwa ngabaqalayo.
• I-anyanisi yoKhuseleko: Ngokusekwe kuBuntu, yongeza izixhobo ezinamandla zokubona ukungena, ukujongwa kwenethiwekhi, kunye nohlalutyo lomthetho, njengeSnort, Suricata, kunye neBro.

Ukuhanjiswa okulula kunye nezikhethekileyo

Kwiikhompyuter ezinobuncwane obuphantsi, kukho i-distros efana I-Puppy Linux, i-Slitaz kunye ne-Tiny Core, ekuvumela ukuba uvuselele iikhompyuter ezindala ngaphandle kokuncama isantya okanye ukhuseleko. Kukho iinketho zomculo (Musix), i-multimedia (iMythTV), imfundo (Edubuntu), uphuhliso lwezesayensi (i-Linux yeSayensi), okanye ulawulo lwe-router (Linux kumatshini wenyani).

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga nokuhanjiswa kweLinux kuKhuseleko

• Ngaba iKali Linux ingcono kunoBuntu kukhuseleko? I-Kali ijolise kuvavanyo lokungena kunye nokukhwabanisa okusesikweni, kunye namakhulu ezixhobo ezifakwe ngaphambili. Ubuntu bulungele ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye unokomeleza ukhuseleko lwakho ngokufaka izixhobo eziyimfuneko.
• Zeziphi iingenelo zokwenyani ezinikezelwa yiLinux ngaphezulu kweWindows? Ulawulo olupheleleyo kwiimvume, ikhowudi yomthombo ovulekileyo, kunye noluntu olusebenzayo oluhlala lubona kwaye lulungisa ubuthathaka. Ukongeza, abasebenzisi abanikwa iimvume zomlawuli ngokungagqibekanga, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa okubalulekileyo.
• Loluphi uhlobo lwehardware endiyifunayo? Uninzi lonikezelo lunokuqhuba kwi-hardware ethobekileyo, ngakumbi kwimowudi ephilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhanjiswa okunje ngeQubes OS kufuna ihardware enamandla ngenxa yoomatshini ababonakalayo.
• Loluphi unikezelo omele ulukhethe kwabaqalayo? Kwabo batsha kukhuseleko, i-Parrot Security OS, i-BackBox, kunye ne-Wifislax zibonelela ngokukhululeka kokusetyenziswa kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo.
• Ndingalusebenzisa olu nikezelo njengeenkqubo eziphambili? Ngelixa uninzi lulungele ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, ezo zilungiselelwe ukungena okanye ubumfihlo obugqithisileyo (iKali, imisila, iQubes OS) yenzelwe imisebenzi ethile. Ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla ngokhuseleko olukhulu, ukhetho olunje ngeAlpine Linux, i-OpenWall, okanye i-Subgraph OS inokufaneleka ngakumbi.

Iyantlukwano ye-ecosystem ye-Linux ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe usasazo oluyifaneleyo iprofayile yakho: ukusuka kubagengi bendlela yokuziphatha ukuya kwiinkampani ezijonge ukomeleza ukhuseleko lweziseko zabo okanye abasebenzisi abaxhalabileyo malunga nokubabucala. Isitshixo kukuchaza ngokucacileyo iinjongo zakho kwaye ulinge ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengoko uluntu lweLinux luvulekile, lusebenzisana, kwaye luhlala luzimisele ukukunceda ukuba ufumane okuninzi kwinkqubo yakho.