Isebenza njani ialgorithm kaGoogle yeQuantum Echoes

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La i-quantum computing ayiseyiyo ithiyori nje ukuqalisa ukuzifaka kwiincoko malunga neyeza, izixhobo eziphambili, okanye i-cybersecurity. UGoogle uzama iminyaka ukubonisa oko iikhompyutha zabo quantum Ezi ayizoprototypes ezitsala amehlo kuphela, kodwa izixhobo ezinosetyenziso lwehlabathi lokwenyani. Nge-algorithm ye-Quantum Echoes kunye ne-Willow chip yayo, inkampani ithi iphumelele enye yezo ziganeko ezinokutshintsha isantya solu gqatso lwezobuchwepheshe.

Le algorithm entsha, a isinxibelelanisi esingaphandle kwe-odolo Idizayinelwe ukufunda ukuba ulwazi lwequantum lusasazeka njani kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, alukhawulezi nje ngokumangalisayo: ngokwedatha epapashiweyo, isebenza malunga namaxesha angama-13.000 ngokukhawuleza kuneyona khompyutha ibalaseleyo yomsebenzi olinganayo. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba i-algorithm yokuqinisekiswa, oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zayo zinokuphinda ziphindwe kwaye zihlolwe kwezinye izixhobo ezifanayo ze-quantum-into ephambili ukuba sifuna le teknoloji ihambe ngaphaya kwebhubhoratri.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Quantum Echoes kwaye kutheni wonke umntu ethetha ngayo?

I-Quantum Echoes yi I-OTOC-uhlobo lwe-algorithm ye-quantum (Isinxibelelanisi soMyalelo waNgaphandle kweXesha). Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukulinganisa indlela imeko ye-qubit etshintsha ngayo emva kokubeka inkqubo ye-quantum kuthotho lwemisebenzi kwaye "ukubuyisela umva" ukuvela kwayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, isebenza njengethemometha yesiphithiphithi se-quantum: ihlalutya indlela ulwazi olusasazwa ngayo ngaphakathi kweseti yeequbits ngokulinganisa ubungakanani obunje ngemagnetization, ubuninzi, imisinga, kunye nesantya.

Yintoni uGoogle ayicebisayo kukusebenzisa le algorithm njengoluhlobo i-quantum echo eyilwe ngononopheloOkokuqala, i-Willow chip ifumana isignali entsonkothileyo ye-quantum ebangela ukuba inkqubo ivele. Emva koko, ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwaziswa kwi-qubit ethile, kwaye emva koko, ulandelelwano olungemva lwemisebenzi luyenziwa ukuzama ukuhlehlisa inkqubo. Ekupheleni kwayo yonke le nkqubo, inkqubo ibuyisela i-quantum "echo" yesimo sokuqala, apho, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okwakhayo, yandiswa kwaye ityhila ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nento eyenzekayo endleleni.

Ukusuka kwimbono yethiyori, ezi ntlobo ze-correlators zangaphandle zisetyenziselwa ukufunda indlela ulwazi oluxutywa kwaye lusasazeke ngayo kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothe ​​kakhulunjengeemodeli ezichaza imingxuma emnyama okanye imathiriyeli ye-quantum exotic. Yintoni entsha apha kukuba, okokuqala, baye bathatyathwa kwithiyori ukuya kwilabhoratri ngovavanyo olunokuthi luphindwe kwaye luqinisekiswe, kwaye lukwalatha kwizicelo ezithile zomzimba.

UGoogle ubonise ezi ziphumo kumaphepha amabini ancedisanayo: elinye lipapashwe kwi indaloElinye iphepha lijolise ekuboniseni i-algorithm kunye nethuba layo lokuqinisekiswa kwe-quantum, ngelixa elinye, liposwe kwindawo yokugcina i-arXiv, lijolise ngakumbi kwizicelo ezinokubakho kwikhemistri kunye ne-spectroscopy. Phakathi kwabatyikityi benqaku leNdalo nguMichel Devoret, ophumelele iBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ka-2025 kunye nomntu obalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni i-superconducting qubits.

Ngokutsho kweenjineli zenkampani, I-Quantum Echoes isebenza amaxesha angama-13.000 ngokukhawuleza kwiWillow chip eyona ilungileyo i-algorithm yeklasiki efanayo wenziwe kwezona supercomputer zinamandla ehlabathini. Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, oko umatshini weklasikhi unokuthatha amawaka okanye iitriliyoni zeminyaka ukusombulula, iWillow iphumeza kwimizuzu embalwa, inqumla umda wento ethathwa njengelungelo elipheleleyo le-quantum.

Iziseko ze-quantum computing ukuqonda i-algorithm

Ukufumana umbono ocacileyo wendlela esebenza ngayo i-Quantum Echoes, kufanelekile ukukhumbula oko Ikhompyuter ye-quantum ayisebenzi ngamasuntswana eklasiki.kodwa nge qubits. Ngelixa isuntswana linokuba ngu-0 okanye u-1 kuphela, i-qubit inokuba kwindawo ephezulu yazo zombini ezi zizwe ngaxeshanye. Oku kuvumela iseti yeequbits ukuba ngaxeshanye imele inani elikhulu lendibaniselwano yeqanda kunye nezinye.

IiQubits ziphunyezwa ngokulawula iinkqubo zomzimba ezifana iifotoni, ii-electron, ii-ion ezibanjiweyo, ii-athomu, okanye iisekethe ze-superconductingUGoogle, njengezinye iinkampani, utyala imali kwi-superconducting qubits, inzala ngqo yovavanyo kwiisekethe ze-quantum ezinkulu ezaqalwa nguDevoret kunye nabanye abaphandi ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Ezi qubhithi zinokubhijelana, oko kukuthi, zabelane ngemeko ye-quantum efanayo, kwaye zenze izakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo apho okunokwenzeka kudibana njengamaza.

Kulo mongo, i-algorithm ye-quantum ayikho ngaphezu kwe-a ukulandelelana kwamasango engqiqo ezisetyenziswa ku-a uthungelwano lweequbhithi ezidityanisiweyo kunye eziphotheneyoNjengoko isekethe iguquka, i-amplitudes enokwenzeka yomeleza okanye irhoxise enye ngaphandle ngokuphazamiseka. Ubuqhetseba kukuyila i-algorithm ukwenzela ukuba, ekugqibeleni, izisombululo ezichanekileyo zandiswe kwaye zibe yeyona nto inokwenzeka xa kulinganiswa inkqubo.

Ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo, enye yezitshixo kwi-Quantum Echoes, kwenzeka xa amaza e-quantum alungelelaniswa kwisigaba kwaye bayadibanisa endaweni yokucima omnye komnye. Ukuba isekethe yenzelwe kakuhle, esi siphumo senza ukuba "i-echo" yokugqibela ye-algorithm ibonakale ngokucacileyo kwingxolo yangasemva kwaye ivumela ukufunda okubuhlungu kakhulu malunga nendlela ulwazi olusasazeke ngayo kwinkqubo, nokuba inkqubo ephakathi ibe nesiphithiphithi kakhulu.

Konke oku kuvakala kunamandla kakhulu, kodwa kwakhona kuza nengxaki enkulu: ubuthathaka benkqubo ye-quantum ebusweni bengxoloUtshintsho oluncinci kubushushu, ukungcangcazela, imitha ye-electromagnetic, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kunokungenisa iimpazamo kwi-qubits, ukwaphule ukuhambelana kwenkqubo, kwaye konakalise ukubala. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lwempazamo yobungakanani kunye nokuncipha kokunganyaniseki yimiceli mngeni mibini yeshishini.

Isebenza njani i-Quantum Echoes inyathelo ngenyathelo kwi-chip yeWillow

Umngcunube ngowokugqibela I-chip ye-quantum ephezulu kaGoogleKwaye sisiqwenga sehardware apho iQuantum Echoes isebenza khona. Le prosesa sele ifumene ingqwalasela ngokugqibezela iimvavanyo zebenchmark zokuthatha iisampulu zesekethe ezingacwangciswanga ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu-imisebenzi ethe i-supercomputer eqhelekileyo ayinakuyenza kumashumi ezigidigidi zeminyaka. Nge-Quantum Echoes, uWillow uphinde wathatha indawo ephambili.

Iskimu esisisiseko se-algorithm sinokuqondwa njenge-quantum "ixesha lokubuyisela umva", nangona kunjalo Akukho nto ithunyelwa kwixesha elidlulileyoInkqubo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ulandelelwano lwemisebenzi kwinkqubo, ukwazisa ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwi-qubit ethile, kwaye emva koko kuqhutywe ulandelelwano olufanayo ngokuchaneka ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuba yonke into ilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo, inkqubo ibuyela kufutshane nemeko yayo yokuqala kwaye ikhuphe i-echo ye-interferometric equlethe ubutyebi bolwazi.

Ngendlela elula kakhulu, inkqubo ilandela izigaba ezithathu eziphambili: okokuqala, a imo yokuqala elawulwa kakuhle kwiseti yequbitsEmva koko, elo lizwe livunyelwe ukuba liguquke ngokulandelelana kwamasango e-quantum ezenza kube nzima kakhulu kunye nesiphithiphithi; ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulwa kwexesha lesiphaluka senziwa, i-qubit iguqulwa phakathi kwenkqubo, kwaye ibonwa ukuba loo nto iphazamisayo ichaphazela njani i-echo yokugqibela.

Ubuhle bolu cwangciso kukuba i-echo elinganisiweyo ekugqibeleni ayibonakalisi ebuthathaka, kodwa isignali eyandisiweyo. uphazamiseko olwakhayoNgokuchanekileyo ngenxa yesi sizathu, ubuchule bunovakalelo olugqithisileyo kutshintsho oluncinci kutshintsho lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo. UGoogle uye wasebenzisa obu buntununtunu ukunciphisa ngokuthe kratya isantya sempazamo esisebenzayo se-chip, efumana iziphumo ezingaphantsi komda apho ulungiso lweempazamo ezinkulu lusebenza khona.

Kwezinye iimvavanyo ezichaziweyo, umatshini we-quantum wakwazi ukusombulula ingxaki kwisithuba nje esingaphezu kweeyure ezimbini, ngelixa i-Frontier supercomputer-enye yezona zinamandla emhlabeni-beya kufuneka. malunga neminyaka eyi-3,2 ye-computing eqhubekayo ukwenza ikhowudi yeklasi elinganayo. Lo msantsa mkhulu wokusebenza, udityaniswa nento yokuba isiphumo sinokuphindaphindwa kwiWillow okanye kwezinye izixhobo zomgangatho ofanayo, sisiseko sento ebizwa ngokuba “yinzuzo yobungakanani bokuqinisekisa”.

Ngapha koko, iprotocol esetyenziswa nguGoogle Akuhlali kungumsebenzi olula kubukhulu be-quantum ngaphandle kwesiceloNgokungafaniyo nemifuniselo yangaphambili, egxile kwiingxaki ezenziweyo zemathematika ekunzima ukuyiguqulela kwihlabathi lokwenyani, apha i-algorithm isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iinkqubo ezithile zomzimba: ulwakhiwo kunye nokutshintsha kweeathom zokwenyani nazo zafundwa ngeresonance yenyukliya.

Inzuzo eqinisekisiweyo ye-quantum: kutheni le mpumelelo yahlukile

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izibhengezo ezininzi "zokuphakama kwe-quantum" zifumene ukugxekwa ngenxa yokuba Bekungacacanga ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ngokuzimeleyo iziphumo okanye indlela ezisebenzisekayo ngayo iingxaki ezisonjululweyo. Imbali kaGoogle ka-2019, umzekelo, ibibandakanya ukubala kwisampulu yesekethe engacwangciswanga ekungekho khompyutha enkulu inokuphinda iphindaphindwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kodwa nayo ingakhange isebenzise ngaphandle kwelabhoratri.

Nge-Quantum Echoes, inkampani izama ukulungisa loo ngxoxo ngovavanyo oluyilwe kwasekuqaleni ukuba lube iqinisekisiwe kwaye iphinda iqhinga kuye nabani na oyifunayoI-algorithm iphunyeziwe kunye neeparitha kunye nokucwangciswa kwamanye amaqela ophando, kunye ne-hardware yokulinganisa i-quantum, inokuzama ukuphindaphinda. Ngapha koko, iziphumo ze-quantum simulation zithelekiswa nemilinganiselo ye-classical yomzimba efunyenwe kusetyenziswa ubuchule obusekwe kakuhle.

"Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-quantum" okufunwa yiGoogle kuxhomekeke kwiintsika ezimbini: okokuqala, into yokuba izibalo ziyakwazi ukuveliswa kwamanye amashishini afanayo; okwesibini, ukuba nokwenzeka kwe thelekisa imveliso ye-algorithm kunye nedatha yovavanyo umfanekiso wemagnethi yenyukliya okanye ukulinganisa okuqhelekileyo kwiimeko apho zisenokwenzeka. Olu qinisekiso luphindwe kabini lunika ubunzima kwingcinga yokuba asijongani nje neqhinga lemathematika ekunzima ukuliqinisekisa.

Ukuze olu hlobo lokubonakaliswa lunokwenzeka, i-hardware kufuneka idibanise imisebenzi enesantya esiphezulu enamazinga eempazamo aphantsi kakhuluNakuphi na ukutenxa kulandelelwano lokubuyela umva kwexesha lonakalisa i-echo yokugqibela. Inyani yokuba uWillow wakwazi ukoyisa lo mceli mngeni ngaphandle kokuwa kuthetha ukuba ulawulo lwe-superconducting qubits lufikelele kwinqanaba elimangalisayo, eliqolileyo kakhulu kuneminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo.

Nakuba kunjalo, iingcali ezininzi zisibongoza ukuba silumke. Abaphandi abafana noCarlos Sabín, weSebe leTheory Physics kwiYunivesithi yaseMadrid eAutonomous, babonisa ukuba Ezinye iingenelo ze-quantum sele zibhengezwe, eziye zaqinisekiswa emva koko. Ngelixa amanye amaqela ephucule i-algorithms yakudala okanye afumana iindlela zokuqikelela iziphumo kusetyenziswa iikhompyuter eziqhelekileyo, uluntu lwenzululwazi ngoku lukwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani bovavanyo lukaGoogle luphawula umda oqinileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwikhemikhali: iimolekyuli, i-NMR kunye nephupha le "quantoscope"

Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zeQuantum Echoes kukusetyenziswa kwayo njengesixhobo ukulinganisa kweekhemikhali kunye ne-quantum spectroscopyNgokubambisana neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley, iGoogle iqhube i-algorithm kwi-Willow ukufunda iiathomu ezimbini: enye ine-athomu ze-15 kunye nenye i-28, isebenzisa idatha yovavanyo lwe-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) njengenqaku lokuthelekisa.

I-MRI, umzala we-spectroscopic we-imaging magnetic resonance yonyango, isebenza njenge-a imicroscope yemolekyuli esekwe kwimagnethi “spins” yeenuclei zeathom. Ngokubona indlela ezi jikelezo eziphendula ngayo kumhlaba wemagnethi kunye nemiqondiso yerediyo yerediyo, izazinzulu zinokufumanisa indawo ezalanayo yee-athom kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ubume bemolekyuli. Sisixhobo esisisiseko kwikhemistri, ibhayoloji, kunye nesayensi yezixhobo.

Ingxaki kukuba, xa iimolekyuli ziba nkulu okanye intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-spins iba nzima ngakumbi, i Iindlela zakudala zokutolika idatha ye-NMR ziba zibiza kakhulu Ukusuka kumbono wokubala. Kulapho i-Quantum Echoes ingena khona: ukukwazi kwayo ukulandela umkhondo wangaphakathi we-quantum dynamics yenkqubo yesiphithiphithi ivumela ukuba imodeli esebenzayo ngakumbi yokusebenzisana phakathi kwespins kwimigama emide.

Kubungqina bengcamango eqhutywe kunye neBerkeley, iziphumo ezifunyenwe nge-algorithm ye-quantum Baye bahambelana nemilinganiselo ye-MRI yesiko. kuzo zombini iimolekyuli, ezimele ukuqinisekiswa okuqinileyo kokuqala kwendlela. Kodwa ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwe-quantum luveze iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga ne-spin dynamics engenakufunyanwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngobuchule beklasikhi, ekhomba kubuntununtunu obukhulu.

Abaphandi abafana no-Ashok Ajoy, umdibanisi noGoogle Quantum AI kunye noprofesa waseBerkeley, sele bethetha ngekamva. "I-Quantum spectroscopy" ekwazi ukuhamba ngaphaya kwemida yangokuKule meko, indibaniselwano ye-NMR yovavanyo kunye ne-quantum algorithms efana ne-Quantum Echoes inokuba sisixhobo esiphezulu sokufumana amachiza amatsha, ukuqonda ngcono izifo ezinzima ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, okanye ukuyila izinto eziphambili zeebhetri, iipolymers, okanye i-superconducting qubits ngokwabo.

Impembelelo enokubakho kwezamayeza, inzululwazi yemathiriyeli, nakwamanye amashishini

Ukuba izithembiso zikaGoogle ziyenzeka, i-Quantum Echoes inokuba linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ukuya iikhomputha zequantum ezinezicelo ezibambekayo zehlabathi lokwenyaniUkukwazi ukwenza imodeli echanekileyo yeenkqubo ezininzi ze-quantum yomzimba kuneziphumo ezithe ngqo kwimiba efana nekhemikhali yokubala, apho ukulinganisa ukunxibelelana okuntsonkothileyo kwe-elektroniki kuyingxaki ephantse ithintele kwi-computing yakudala.

Kwintsimi ye-biomedical, oku kuguqulela ekubeni kunokwenzeka ukuphonononga isithuba seemolekyuli zabaviwa beziyobisi ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbiEndaweni yokuvavanya ngokumfamekileyo amawaka eekhompawundi, ikhompyuter ye-quantum inokunceda ukuqikelela ukuba zeziphi izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo kwithagethi ethile yebhayoloji, ikhawulezisa uphuhliso lonyango lwezifo ze-neurodeergenerative, umhlaza, okanye ezinye izigulo ezinzima.

Kwinzululwazi yezixhobo, ingqiqo efanayo iyasebenza Yila iikhompawundi ezintsha ezineempawu ezithileIisuperconductors ezizinze ngakumbi, izixhobo zebhetri ezinoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, iipolymers eziphambili, okanye iialloys ezikhaphukhaphu nezinamandla. Ukulawulwa kwe-quantum dynamics kwinqanaba le-microscopic lenza umehluko phakathi kokuvavanya ukudibanisa okungahleliwe kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle kweziphumo kunye nokulinganisa okuthembekileyo.

Ukongezwa kuyo yonke le nto yimpembelelo enokubakho kwimimandla efana ne-cybersecurity. Nangona i-Quantum Echoes ngokwayo ayijoliswanga ekwaphuleni i-encryption, iyinxalenye ye iliza elinye lenkqubela phambili elizisa oomatshini be-quantum kufutshane nokuba luncedoUluntu lwezokhuseleko sele luthetha malunga nesicwangciso "sokuvuna ngoku, ukucima kamva": ukubiwa kwedatha namhlanje ukuyikhupha xa kukho iikhomputha ze-quantum ezikwazi ukuphula i-cryptographic algorithms yangoku, ekhokelele imibutho efana ne-European Union kunye ne-ENISA ukucwangcisa utshintsho kwiinkqubo ze-post-quantum.

Kwinqanaba le-geopolitical, intshukumo kaGoogle ingena kwi Ukhuphiswano oluqatha kunye nezigebenga ezifana ne-IBM, iMicrosoft kunye nabadlali abaninzi baseTshayinaIiplatifomu ezifana ne-Wukong e-China, okanye uphuhliso lwe-IBM kwi-superconducting qubits kunye ne-logic ehlala ixesha elide, ibonisa ukuba akukho mntu ufuna ukushiywa ngasemva. Inzuzo eqinisekisiweyo ye-quantum efunwa nguGoogle, ukongeza kwinkqubela phambili yesayensi, umyalezo onobuchule malunga nesikhundla sayo kolu gqatso.

Unyino lwangoku kunye nokuthandabuza phakathi koluntu lwezenzululwazi

Ayizizo zonke ii-fireworks. Nangona umfuniselo we-Quantum Echoes umele ukutsibela phambili ukusuka kumanyathelo angaphambili, iingcali ezininzi ziyayigxininisa loo nto Sisekwinqanaba lokulinga ngokucacileyo.Okwangoku, imiboniso iqhutywe ngeeamolekyuli ezincinci kunye neesekethe ze-quantum ezithi, nangona zinomtsalane, zisekude kwinto enokufuneka ukujongana neengxaki ezinkulu zamashishini.

Ngokoqikelelo oluqokelelwe yiGoogle ngokwayo, ukufikelela iimolekyuli ezifuna ngokomyalelo we I-50 ye-qubits ebonakalayo yobunzima obufanelekileyoOku kuya kufuna ukubaleka phakathi kwamakhulu amawaka kunye nezigidi ezininzi zamasango e-quantum logic. Elo nani lingaphezulu kakhulu kwamasango angama-792 asetyenziswa kwimifuniselo yangoku, kunye neendlela zokunciphisa iimpazamo ezisebenza kolu lawulo zisenokungakhuli kakuhle kwiisekethe ezinzulu kakhulu.

Esinye sezigxeko eziphindaphindiweyo kukuba, nangona umboniso ubonisa inzuzo yokwenyani ye-quantum, Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo okunempembelelo ephezulu akukangqinwaNgamanye amazwi, i-algorithm isebenze ekuqinisekiseni iindlela kunye nokufunda iinkqubo ezinokusingathwa ngobuchule obuphuculweyo beklasikhi, kodwa ayikasonjululwa ingxaki eyayingenakufikeleleka ngokupheleleyo kwi-computing yeklasi kwimveliso ethile okanye imeko yezonyango.

Ngaphaya koko, umba wokulungiswa kweempazamo usengumqobo. Ukuqhuba iikhompyuter zobungakanani obukhulu kufuna Ii-qubits eziqiqileyo eziqiqiweyo ezakhiwe kwiiqubits ezininzi ezibonakalayoukuze iimpazamo zomntu ngamnye zibonwe kwaye zilungiswe ngaphandle kokuphulukana nolwazi. UGoogle uchonge le njongo njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo le-3 lemephu yendlela ye-quantum: ukufezekisa i-qubit logic ehlala ixesha elide enokumelana neemfuno zokuqhuba i-algorithms enzima ngaphandle kokuwa.

Phezu kwako nje oku kubhungisa, kwanawona mazwi alumkileyo ayakuvuma oko I-Quantum Echoes inokuba linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kwicala lokubonisa usetyenziso olusebenzayo. Isitshixo siya kuba kukubona ukuba ezinye iilabhoratri zinokuphinda zivelise uvavanyo, ziphucule ii-algorithms zeklasiki ezikhuphisanayo, kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, zilinganise obu buchule kwiinkqubo ezine-qubits ezininzi kunye namasango amaninzi ngaphandle kweempazamo ezikhulayo.

Ukujonga umfanekiso omkhulu, i-Quantum Echoes ibumba ukuba ibe uphawu olucacileyo lokuba i-quantum hardware kunye nesoftware zihambela phambili ngokuhambelanaUWillow ubonisa ukuba kuyenzeka ukusebenza ngamazinga eempazamo asezantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela iiprothokholi zokubuyisela umva kwexesha elicekeceke, ngelixa i-algorithm ivula umnyango wezicelo ezijongana ngqo neengxaki zomzimba zelizwe lokwenyani. Kusekho indlela ende ngaphambili, kodwa ii-echoes zokuqala ze-quantum computing ziqala ukuvakala ngokuvakalayo.

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