Imbali yothungelwano lwekhompyuter ibe luhambo olunomdla oluye lwaguqula indlela ihlabathi elinxibelelana ngayo kunye nokunxibelelana. Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zothumelo lwedatha ukuya kubunzulu bothungelwano lwale mihla, uphuhliso lothungelwano lwekhompyutha ibe libali lezinto ezintsha, imingeni kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga imbali yothungelwano lwekhompyuter kunye nendlela eziye zavela ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha ukwenza unxibelelwano lwehlabathi jikelele. Ukusukela ekwenziweni kwetelegraph ukuya ekufikeni kwe-Intanethi, siya kujonga indlela inyathelo ngalinye elithe labeka ngayo isiseko sothungelwano lwale mihla lwekhompyuter esilusebenzisayo namhlanje.
Yintoni inethiwekhi yekhompyuter?
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwimbali yothungelwano lwekhompyuter, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni inethiwekhi. Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter. Ngamagama alula, inethiwekhi yekhompyuter yinkqubo yokunxibelelana kwezixhobo zekhompyuter ezivumela unxibelelwano kunye notshintshiselwano lwedatha phakathi kwabo. Ezi nethiwekhi zingohluka ngobukhulu kunye nobubanzi, ukusuka kuthungelwano lwasekhaya oluqhagamshela iikhomputha ngaphakathi kweofisi, ukuya kuthungelwano olufana ne-Intanethi oludibanisa izigidi zezixhobo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter Iqukethe i-hardware, njengeekhompyutheni, ii-routers, iitshintshi, kunye neentambo zenethiwekhi, kunye nesofthiwe eyenza ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nokulawula. Ngaba Uthungelwano lunokusebenzisa iiprothokholi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuququzelela unxibelelwano kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kwedatha.
Imbali yothungelwano lwekhompyuter: Amanyathelo okuqala
Imvelaphi yothungelwano lonxibelelwano
Imbali yothungelwano lwekhompyuter ibuyela kwiinzame zokuqala zokuseka iinkqubo zonxibelelwano olude. Phambi kokuveliswa kwekhompyutha, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezifana netelegraph kunye nefowuni zabeka isiseko sokuhambisa ulwazi kumgama omde.
Ngowe-1837, uSamuel Morse wenza itelegraph yombane, isixhobo esasivumela ukuhanjiswa kwemiyalezo ngeengcingo kusetyenziswa imiqondiso yombane. Olu lutsha lwaphawula ukuqala kothungelwano lonxibelelwano, njengoko luvumela abantu ukuba banxibelelane imigama emide ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kunangaphambili.
Iinzame zakwangoko kwiinethiwekhi zekhompyuter
Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili kunye neekhompyuter ze-elektroniki zaqala ukuvela, izazinzulu kunye neenjineli zaqala ukuphonononga iindlela zokunxibelelanisa aba matshini ukuze babelane ngezixhobo kunye nedatha. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iinzame zokuqala zokuseka uthungelwano lwekhompyutha zavela.
Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yothungelwano lwekhompyutheni yayiyi-ARPANET (i-Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) kwi-1960 i-ARPANET yayinethwekhi yovavanyo eyenziwe yiSebe lezoKhuselo lase-United States ngenjongo yokwenza unxibelelwano kunye nokwabelana ngezibonelelo phakathi kwamaziko ophando ahlukeneyo. I-ARPANET yabeka isiseko sento eya kuba yi-Intanethi.
Uthungelwano lwekhompyutha lwaphuhla njani?
Uthungelwano lwe Iikhompyutha zaqhubeka zivela kumashumi eminyaka, iqhutywa yinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nesidingo sokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nezibonelelo ngokufanelekileyo. Njengoko imibutho emininzi kunye nabasebenzisi bamkela iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter, imingeni emitsha kunye nezisombululo ezintsha ziye zavela.
Ukusuka kwi-ARPANET ukuya kwi-Intanethi
Kwiminyaka ye-1970, i-ARPANET yaqala ukwandisa kwaye idibanise amaziko ophando amaninzi. Njengoko uthungelwano lukhula, imigangatho kunye neeprothokholi zaba yimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambelana kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyuter ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo. Kwi-1983, i-ARPANET yamkela i-Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) njengomgangatho, ibeka isiseko sophuhliso lwe-Intanethi njengoko siyazi namhlanje.
Ngokwamkelwa kwe-TCP / IP, i-ARPANET yavela kwinethiwekhi yothungelwano oludibeneyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-Intanethi. Ukukwazi ukuhambisa idatha ngokuthembekileyo nangempumelelo kwi-TCP / IP kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekudumeni kwe-Intanethi kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ixesha lothungelwano lwasekhaya kunye neWebhu yehlabathi ngokubanzi
Njengoko i-Intanethi isanda kwaye ifikeleleka ngakumbi, kwavela itekhnoloji entsha kunye neekhonsepthi ezithi zatshintsha ngakumbi uthungelwano lwekhompyuter. Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, uthungelwano lwengingqi (LANs) lwaqala ukufumana ukuthandwa. I-LAN ivumele imibutho ukuba idibanise iikhomputha zabo kwaye yabelane ngezibonelelo, ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ngowe-1989, uTim Berners-Lee, isazi sekhompyutha saseBritani, wenza iWorld Wide Web (WWW). I-WWW ivumele abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwaye babelane ngolwazi ngohlobo lwamaphepha ewebhu kwi-Intanethi. Olu lwakhiwo lwaba luphawu olubalulekileyo kwimbali yothungelwano lwekhompyutha, njengoko luguqule indlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo nolwazi lwaza lwavula ucango lwexesha elitsha lonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi nentsebenziswano.
Ziziphi iingenelo zothungelwano lwekhompyutha?
Kuyo yonke imbali, uthungelwano lwekhompyuter lubonakalise ukuba sisixhobo esinamandla esitshintshe indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenza ngayo kunye nokunxibelelana. Nazi ezinye zezibonelelo eziphambili zothungelwano lwekhompyuter:
- Unxibelelwano olufanelekileyoUthungelwano lweKhompyutha luvumela unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo phakathi kwabantu kunye nemibutho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi. Nokuba kunge-imeyile, inkomfa ngevidiyo okanye kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, uthungelwano lwekhompyuter ludibanise abantu kwaye lwakhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa kolwazi.
- Yabelana ngeziboneleloUthungelwano lweKhompyutha luvumela ukwabelana ngezibonelelo ezifana abashicileli, ugcino kunye nezicelo. Oku kunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, njengoko abasebenzisi abaninzi banokufikelela kwizibonelelo ezifanayo ngaxeshanye.
- ukufikelela kulwaziNge-Intanethi kunye neenethiwekhi zekhompyuter, siyakwazi ukufikelela ngoko nangoko kulwazi oluninzi kwi-Intanethi. Ukusuka kwiindaba ukuya kwii-encyclopedias ezikwi-intanethi, uthungelwano lwekhompyutha lunedemokhrasi yokufikelela kulwazi kwaye luvule amathuba amatsha okufunda nolwazi.
- Intsebenziswano kwi-IntanethiUthungelwano lweKhompyutha luququzelele intsebenziswano ye-intanethi, evumela abantu kwihlabathi jikelele ukuba basebenze kunye kwiiprojekthi kunye nokwabelana ngeengcamango. Ukusuka kwizixhobo zentsebenziswano yexesha langempela ukuya kumaqonga olawulo lweprojekthi, Uthungelwano lwekhompyutha luye lwaphucuka indlela esisebenza ngayo njengeqela.
- Umhlaba jikeleleUthungelwano lwekhompyutha lube nguthunywashe ophambili ekudityaneni kwehlabathi. Baye bavumela iinkampani ukuba zandise kumazwe ngamazwe, ziququzelele urhwebo lwe-elektroniki kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye namazwe. Uthungelwano lwekhompyuter luye lwaphula imiqobo yendawo kunye nabantu abanxibelelanayo kwihlabathi liphela.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neMbali yeeNethiwekhi zeKhompyutha
1. Yayiyintoni inethiwekhi yekhompyutha yokuqala? Inethiwekhi yokuqala yekhompyuter yayiyi-ARPANET, eyadalwa kwi-1960s yiSebe lezoKhuselo laseMelika. I-ARPANET yayingumanduleli we-Intanethi kwaye yabeka isiseko sophuhliso lweenethiwekhi zekhompyuter zanamhlanje.
2. Yasungulwa nini i-Intanethi? I-Intanethi yavela kwi-ARPANET kwaye yaphuhliswa ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, unyaka obalulekileyo apho i-Intanethi yasungulwa njengenethiwekhi yothungelwano oludibeneyo yayiyi-1983, xa i-ARPANET yamkela i-TCP / IP protocol njengomgangatho.
3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo kunye nenethiwekhi yehlabathi? Inethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) luthungelwano lwekhompyutha olugubungela ummandla othile wejografi, njengeofisi, isikolo, okanye ikhaya. Kwelinye icala, uthungelwano lwehlabathi olufana ne-Intanethi luthungelwano olujikeleza ihlabathi lonke, ludibanisa izigidi zezixhobo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
4. Ithini iprotocol esetyenziswa kwi-Intanethi? Iprothokholi esetyenziswa kwi-Intanethi yi-TCP/IP (iProtokholi yoLawulo loThutho/iProtokholi ye-Intanethi). Le protocol iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kwedatha kwinethiwekhi kwaye ngumgangatho osetyenziselwa unxibelelwano kwi-Intanethi.
5. Yaba yintoni impembelelo yeWorld Wide Web kuthungelwano lwekhompyutha? Ukuveliswa kweWorld Wide Web kuguqule uthungelwano lwekhompyutha ngokuvumela ufikelelo kunye nokusebenzisana nolwazi ngokusebenzisa amaphepha ewebhu. I-WWW yenza ukuhamba kwe-Intanethi kwaba lula kwaye yavula iingcango zonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi, urhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye nentsebenziswano yehlabathi.
6. Lithini ikamva lothungelwano lwekhompyutha? Ikamva lothungelwano lwekhompyutha liyathembisa. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, uthungelwano lwekhompyuter kulindeleke ukuba ukuqhubeka nokuvela kunye nokuphucula. Ukufika kweteknoloji ye-5G, i-intelligence intelligence kunye ne-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi iya kuvula amathuba amatsha kunye nemingeni kwintsimi yothungelwano lwekhompyutha.
Isiphelo
Imbali yothungelwano lwekhompyutha bubungqina bobuchule bomntu kunye nomnqweno wokudibanisa nokwabelana ngolwazi. Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zetelegraph ukuya kwinguqu ye-Intanethi, uthungelwano lwekhompyuter luyiguqule indlela esiphila ngayo kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji.
Kwixesha elizayo, uthungelwano lwekhompyuter luya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwethu oluqhagamshelene ngakumbi. Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji nganye, uthungelwano lwekhompyuter luya komelela, luvumele unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo, intsebenziswano esebenzayo ngakumbi, kunye nokufikelela ngokubanzi kulwazi.
Imbali yothungelwano lwekhompyuter libali elihlala livela, kwaye siyavuya ukubona ukuba liya kuqhubeka njani nokuguqula umhlaba wethu kwiminyaka ezayo.