- UGrace Hopper uphuhlise umqokeleli wokuqala, wenza lula inkqubo yekhompyuter.
- Wayeyintloko ekudalweni kolwimi lweCOBOL, olusetyenziswa kwizicelo zoshishino.
- Wazisa igama elithi "bug" kwaye waguqula icandelo lekhompyuter yanamhlanje.
Grace Hopper Wayengumntu ophambili kwimbali ye-computing, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "umama wenkqubo". Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, akazange aguqule itekhnoloji kuphela, kodwa waphinda wacela umngeni kwiingcamango zesini ngokuba ngomnye waba abasetyhini abanempembelelo Kwintsimi yakhe.
Ngelifa elibanzi elisukela ekudalweni kwe Ulwimi lweCOBOL de kwangeniswa ingqikelelo ye "bug" Kwi-computing, imbali yayo ibonisa zombini ubukrelekrele bendalo njengabo ukuzimisela okungagungqiyo ukoyisa zombini imiqobo yobugcisa nentlalontle.
Iminyaka yokuqala kaGrace Hopper
UGrace Brewster Murray Wazalwa ngoDisemba 9, 1906 eNew York, kwintsapho enesithethe esinamandla somkhosi. Ukususela esemncinane, wabonisa a umdla okhethekileyo, ekhupha iiwotshi endlwini yakhe ukuze aqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Lo mdla ekusebenzeni kwangaphakathi kwezinto yayiluphawu lwakhe lokuqala Umdla kwisayensi kunye nobunjineli.
Ngowe-1928, waphumelela imathematika kunye nefiziksi eVassar College, kwikholeji yabucala yabasetyhini. Emva koko wafumana isidanga senkosi yakhe mathematics kwiYunivesithi yaseYale ngo-1930 kunye ne-PhD ngo-1934 phantsi kwe-Øystein Ore. Ebudeni bezifundo zakhe, wayexhaswa yintsapho yakhe, ngakumbi uyise, owayekholelwa kunqulo amathuba alinganayo kubantwana babo, nokuba bathini na ngokwesini.
Ukungena kwakhe kwiNavy kunye neMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi
Ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini, uGrace Hopper wabhalisa kwi-Women's Naval Reserve Corps, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-WAVES. Ngowe-1944, wathweswa isidanga u-lieutenant wenqanawa kwiSmith College Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School. Yabelwa kwi Iprojekthi yeKhompyutha evela kwiBureau yokuThumela kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard, apho wayesebenza khona nekhompyuter Phawula I, enye yokuqala yohlobo lwayo.
Kule ndima, uHopper usebenzisane naye Howard H. Aiken, ukwenza izibalo kunye nokucwangcisa lo matshini wenguqu. Ngokukhawuleza wagqama kubuchule bakhe bokusombulula iingxaki ezinzima, okwamkhokelela ekubeni abe ngumntu wesithathu ukucwangcisa iMark I.
Ingqikelelo ye "bug" kudweliso lwenkqubo
Ngowe-1947, ngoxa wayesebenza kwikhompyuter UMarko II, uHopper kunye neqela lakhe bafumana isiphene kwinkqubo ebangelwa a Inundu uvaleleke kwenye ye-electromechanical relays. I-anecdote, nangona ingaqhelekanga, yaphawula okokuqala kusetyenziswa eli gama. "bug" ukubhekisa kwiimpazamo kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter. Ukususela ngoko, igama kunye nombono we "ukulungisa" ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo.
Iminikelo yobuvulindlela: umqambi wokuqala
Ngo-1949, uGrace Hopper wajoyina Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, apho wayesebenza kuphuhliso lwe UNIVAC I, ikhompyutha yokuqala yorhwebo. Ngexesha lakhe kule nkampani, waphuhlisa umqambi wokuqala ngo-1952, leyo iguqulelwe ulwimi lwabantu kwikhowudi kumatshini, lula kakhulu inkqubo inkqubo.
Le mpumelelo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi Umqambi we-A-0, wabeka isiseko sezinto zonke iilwimi zangoku zokucwangcisa. UHopper uthe wayila umqambi ngo "ubuvila", njengoko wayefuna abadwelisi benkqubo bakwazi ukuba ziingcali zezibalo kwakhona endaweni yokuchitha ixesha elininzi bebhala iikhowudi ezinzima.
Ukuzalwa kweCOBOL
Ngo-1959, uGrace Hopper wayengumdlali ophambili kuphuhliso lwe IBHOLA (I-Common Business-Oriented Language), ulwimi lwenkqubo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa izicelo zoshishino. Olu lwimi, luphefumlelwe yi Flow-Matic leyo iHopper yayiphuhliswe ngaphambili, yenza inkqubo yalula kubantu abangenamava obugcisa aphambili kwaye yavumela i ukuphatheka kwesoftware phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter.
I-COBOL yaba nefuthe elibonakalayo, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba yenza inkqubo ibe lula, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yavula umnyango wokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwenkqubo. iikhomputha kwiinkalo zoshishino nezolawulo.
Ukuqatshelwa kunye nelifa
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uGrace Hopper wafumana ezininzi Amabhaso namawonga, kuquka abangaphezu kwama-40 izidanga zobugqirha eziwongayo kunye IMbasa yeSizwe yeTekhnoloji Ngo-1991. Wayekwangumfazi wokuqala waseMelika ukunyulwa UMfo Obekekileyo nguMbutho weKhompyutha waseBritish ngo-1973. Ngo-1986, wayeka umhlala phantsi kuMkhosi waManzi kunye nenqanaba lokuba i-admiral yangasemva, engoyena mntu mdala ukuthabatha umhlala-phantsi.
Ngo-1996, uMkhosi waseLwandle waseMelika wabhaptiza umtshabalalisi njengo USS Hopper ngembeko yakhe, wamthiya igama "Inkceba emangalisayo". Impembelelo yakhe iphila, kungekuphela nje igalelo lakhe lobuchwepheshe, kodwa nakwimpembelelo abenayo kwi ukubandakanywa kwabasetyhini kwinkalo yetekhnoloji.
Ukususela ngo-1994, umbhiyozo wonyaka we UGrace Hopper uMbhiyozo wabasetyhini kwinkomfa yeKhompyutha, umsitho ozinikele ekukhuthazeni ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini kubugcisa kunye nokomeleza ilifa lalo vulindlela ubalaseleyo.
Impembelelo kaGrace Hopper kwikhompyutha ayinakubalwa. Ngombulelo kumoya wakhe omtsha kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukoyisa imiqobo, uguqule inkqubo ibe luqeqesho olufikelelekayo kuye wonke umntu. Ilifa lakhe alikhawulelwanga kuphela kwinkalo yobugcisa, kodwa likwabonisa umzekelo wendlela ukubuza imida esekiweyo kunokukhokelela ekubeni inkqubela ebonakalayo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yobomi.