Umahluko phakathi kwe-algorithm kunye neprogram: isikhokelo esineenkcukacha

Informatec Digital » Iimpawu zobuchule » Umahluko phakathi kwe-algorithm kunye neprogram: isikhokelo esineenkcukacha

Kwinkalo yecomputing kunye nenkqubo, kuqhelekile ukudibana nemigaqo i-algorithm y inkqubo. Nangona isoloko isetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo, ezi ngcinga zineempawu neendima ezahlukileyo. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kubo bobabini abafundi kunye neengcali kwihlabathi letekhnoloji.

Ngelixa a i-algorithm ibhekisa ku-a iseti yamanyathelo anomda kunye nocwangcisiweyo ezikuvumela ukuba usombulule ingxaki okanye wenze umsebenzi, a inkqubo luguqulelo lwaloo manyathelo kwi-a ulwimi olunokuqondwa kwaye lusetyenziswe yikhompyuter. Zombini zibalulekile, kodwa zenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Masimbe kuyo.

Inkcazo ye-algorithm

I-algorithm, enyanisweni, luthotho lwe imiyalelo enengqiqo necwangcisiweyo ezivumela ukuphumeza a injongo ethile. Le miyalelo inokubonakaliswa kuyo ulwimi lwendalo, ipseudocode okanye flowcharts, eyenza kube lula ukuba abantu kunye noomatshini baqonde ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo.

Ixesha i-algorithm Inemvelaphi yayo kwisazi sezibalo sasePersi uAl-Juarismi, ekuvela kuyo igama laso. Nangona le ngcamango ibinxulunyaniswa nezibalo, namhlanje ibandakanya iintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, ukusuka kwiprogramu ukuya kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengokulandela ukupheka iresiphi.

Partes de un algoritmo

Yonke i-algorithm kufuneka yenziwe izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

• Ukungena: Ibhekisa kwidatha yokuqala okanye iimfuno eziyimfuneko ukuze i-algorithm isebenze.
• Inkqubo: Lulandelelwano lwamanyathelo aqhutywayo kusetyenziswa idatha yokufaka ukusombulula ingxaki.
• Ukuhamba: Sisiphumo sokugqibela esifunyenwe emva kokuphunyezwa kwe-algorithm.

Iimpawu ze-algorithms

Ukuqwalaselwa ngempumelelo, i-algorithm kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile. ezona mpawu:

• Ukuchaneka: Imiyalelo kufuneka icace kwaye inganiki utoliko olungacacanga.
• Isiphelo: Yonke i-algorithm kufuneka ibe nesiqalo kunye nesiphelo, ngaphandle kwe-loops engapheliyo enzima isisombululo.
• Ingcaciso: Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kufuneka kuhlale kuvelisa umphumo ofanayo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.
• Ukufundeka: Imiyalelo kufuneka iqondeke ukuze kube lula ukwenza isicelo sabo.

Iintlobo ze-algorithms

Ii-algorithms zinokuhlelwa ngokwenjongo yazo okanye uhlobo lokubala olufunekayo:

• Ii-algorithms zokufaneleka: Ayibandakanyi imisebenzi yezibalo entsonkothileyo, njengokulandela imiyalelo yokudibanisa ifanitshala.
• Ubungakanani bealgorithms: Zifuna izibalo zemathematika, ezifana nokusombulula i-equation okanye i-avareji zokubala.
• I-algorithms yokubala: Ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuba isetyenziswe zizixhobo zombane.
• Ii-algorithms ezingabalwanga: Zingenziwa ngesandla ngabantu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezixhobo, ezifana nokwenza uluhlu lokuthenga.

Yintoni inkqubo?

Inkqubo, kwelinye icala, i iseti yoqeqesho ezibhalwe kwi-a Inkqubo yolwimi kwaye ziyilelwe ukuba zitolikwe kwaye zenziwe yikhompyuter. Oko kukuthi, inkqubo kukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo kwe-algorithms enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Ezi nkqubo zi kubalulekile ukuba ikhomputha yenze imisebenzi ethile, ukusuka kwizibalo ezintsonkothileyo zemathematika ukuya kuhlelo lomfanekiso. Ngokuxhomekeke kulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo, inkqubo inokufuna inkqubo ukudityaniswa leyo iguqulela imiyalelo kulwimi lomatshini ukuze itolikwe yihardware.

Iimpawu zenkqubo

Inkqubo kufuneka ihlangabezane nothotho lwe iimfuno ukuze zisebenze kwaye zisebenze:

• Uzinzo: Kufuneka ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo ngaphandle kweempazamo, inika ezinye iindlela zokubuyisela kwimeko yeempazamo.
• Isantya: Ukubulawa kufuneka kusebenze, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ezinye iinkqubo okanye imiyalelo yenkqubo.
• Ukusetyenziswa: Kufuneka iqondakale kwaye kulula ukuyiphatha kubasebenzisi.
• Uhlaziyo: Kubalulekile ukuba iinkqubo ziguquke kwaye zilungele iimfuno ezintsha.

Iintlobo zeenkqubo

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo ngokwenjongo yazo kunye nendalo:

• Ngokolwimi lwenkqubo:
  • Iinkqubo eziyimfuneko: Balandela ulandelelwano olunengqiqo lwamanyathelo, njengalawo abhalwe kwiJava okanye kwiPython.
  • Iinkqubo zokubhengeza: Bachaza into emayenziwe, kodwa hayi indlela yokwenza, njengoko kuya kwenzeka ngeelwimi ezibhengezayo.
• Ngokomsebenzi wayo:
  • Iinkqubo zenkqubo: Balawula imisebenzi esisiseko ye-hardware, efana neenkqubo zokusebenza.
  • Iinkqubo zesicelo: Imizekelo ibandakanya iiprosesa zamagama okanye izikhangeli zewebhu, ezenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ethile.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-algorithms kunye neenkqubo

Nangona inkqubo kunye ne-algorithm yabelana ngombono wokulandela imiyalelo, umahluko wabo ophambili ulele kubo injongo kunye nendlela yokwenza:

• I-algorithm Inxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nokusombulula ingxaki ngokwengqiqo.
• Inkqubo Ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo kwe-algorithms enye okanye ngaphezulu kwaye ihlala ifuna ikhomputha ekusebenzeni kwayo.
• Nangona i-algorithm inokwenziwa ngumntu, inkqubo yenzelwe kuphela izixhobo.

Ukwazi lo mahluko kusinceda siqonde ngcono ukuba izisombululo zobuchwepheshe esizisebenzisa yonke imihla zicwangciswa kwaye ziphuhliswe njani. Eli nqaku liphonononge ngokucokisekileyo ukuba zeziphi ii-algorithms kunye neenkqubo, ziqaqambisa ezona mpawu zifanelekileyo, iindidi, kunye nomahluko. Zombini iikhonsepthi zisisiseko senkqubo nganye yedijithali, kwaye ukuziqonda kumele inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokungena kwihlabathi le-computing.