Uyihlela njani iFayile ye-Hosts: Gqibezela iSikhokelo seWindows, iMac, kunye neLinux

Uhlaziyo lokugqibela: 26 Juni ka 2025
umbhali: TecnoDigital
  • Ifayile yenginginya ikuvumela ukuba unxulumanise imimandla kunye needilesi ze-IP ekuhlaleni, ubeka phambili iDNS.
  • Ukuyihlela kwenza uphuhliso, ukufuduka, ukuvala, kunye novavanyo lwenethiwekhi lula.
  • Kubalulekile ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ukunqanda ukuqhatha okunonya.
  • Kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ababuki zindwendwe ngokulula nangokukhuselekileyo.

hlela ifayile yenginginya

Guqula ifayile yenginginya yekhompyuter yakho Isenokubonakala ingumsebenzi olula, kodwa eneneni iqulethe izinto ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabo bobabini abasebenzisi abasisiseko kunye nabalawuli benkqubo okanye abaphuhlisi. Ngaphandle kokuba ngumsebenzi onamashumi eminyaka embali, ihlala isisityebi esibalulekileyo namhlanje xa kufikwa ekulawuleni uqhagamshelo, ukwenza iimvavanyo, ukuvala iiwebhusayithi, okanye ukucombulula iingxaki zenethiwekhi.

Kweli nqaku, uya kufumana Isikhokelo esineenkcukacha kunye nesihlaziywa ngokupheleleyo esibeka, ngendlela esebenzayo kwaye sikhatshwa ziinkcazo zobugcisa, onke amanyathelo kunye nemiba ejikeleze ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya kwiinkqubo eziphambili zokusebenza (iWindows, iMac kunye neLinux), iingozi zayo, iingcebiso zokhuseleko, eziluncedo, kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo ukwenza umsebenzi lula. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi ngale nkqubo, nantsi eyona nkcazelo ibanzi kwaye iluncedo kwisihloko.

Yintoni ifayile yenginginya kwaye yintoni umsebenzi wayo?

Ifayile yenginginya yifayile yokubhaliweyo ecacileyo ekhoyo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza zangoku ezivumela amagama edomeyini ukuba adityaniswe ngokusesikweni needilesi ze IP. Ukubaluleka kwayo kukuba ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokusebenza ibuze nayiphi na iseva ye-DNS kwi-Intanethi okanye kwinethiwekhi yakho, kuqala ihlola le fayile ngemiyalelo ethile malunga nendlela yokusombulula (ukufumana idilesi ye-IP ye) isizinda esithile.

Ngethuba leminyaka yokuqala ye-Intanethi, le fayile yayikuphela kwendlela yokudibanisa imimandla kwiidilesi ze-IP, kodwa njengoko inethiwekhi ikhula, inkqubo ye-DNS yaphunyezwa ukulawula izigidi zeerekhodi. Nangona kunjalo, ifayile yenginginya ayikanyamalala, kwaye namhlanje ibalulekile kungquzulwano lokusombulula ingxaki, ukwenza ulwalathiso lwendawo, uvavanyo lokufuduka kwangaphambili, ukuvala amaphepha ewebhu, okanye ngeenjongo zophuhliso.

Ubume befayile bulula kakhulu: Umgca ngamnye uqulethe idilesi ye-IP, elandelwa yi-domain enye okanye ngaphezulu (yahlulwe zizithuba okanye iithebhu). Amagqabantshintshi anokongezwa ngokwandulela umgca kunye nesimboli #.

Umzekelo:

127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.1.50 test.local myapp.local # 8.8.8.8 google.com # Lo ngumzekelo nje

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwendawo ephezulu, naluphi na ungeno olongeziweyo kule fayile luza kubhala ngaphezulu kwembuyekezo yeDNS. Ukuba unomgca okhomba indawo yommandla kwidilesi yeIP, isixokelelwano sakho siyakusebenzisa loo dilesi nokuba abancedisi bakho besiqhelo beDNS balatha kweyahlukileyo.

Yintoni injongo yokuhlela ifayile yenginginya?

Ukuguqula ifayile yenginginya kunosetyenziso oluninzi olusebenzayo, kokubini kwindawo yasekhaya kunye neyobuchwephesha:

  • Jonga iiwebhusayithi emva kokufuduka kweseva ngaphandle kokutshintsha iDNS: Ukuba utshintsha ukusingathwa kwewebhusayithi yakho kwaye ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba yonke into iyasebenza ngaphambi kokutshintsha i-DNS yakho yoluntu, unokwenza ikhompyuter yakho ilayishe iwebhusayithi kwiseva entsha ngokongeza i-IP kunye nesizinda kubabuthi.
  • Vala ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile: Ukuqondisa kwakhona imimandla kwi-IP engekho (efana ne-0.0.0.0), Unokuthintela iikhompyuter kwinethiwekhi ekufikeleleni kwiiwebhusayithi ezingafunekiyo ngaphandle kokufaka isoftwe eyongezelelweyo..
  • Uvavanyo lophuhliso kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendawo: Ukuba udala imeko-bume yendawo elinganisa indawo yokwenyani (umzekelo, ukuvavanya iprojekthi ngaphandle kokuyipapasha), ifayile yenginginya ivumela iibhrawuza ukusombulula elo gama kwi-IP yangaphakathi okanye inginginya yasekhaya.
  • Qondisa kwakhona imimandla kwiiseva ezahlukeneyo kuthungelwano lwabucala okanye lweshishini: Kuluncedo kakhulu ekuchazeni abancedisi okanye izixhobo ezifikelelekayo phantsi kwamagama esintu ngaphandle kokutshintsha izicwangciso zeDNS zeshishini.
  • Jonga ukuba indawo ivaliwe yi-malware okanye utshintsho olukrokrisayo: Ifayile yenginginya ingasetyenziswa yisoftware enobungozi ukunqanda ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni okanye ukuhambisa itrafikhi kwiiseva ezinobuqhophololo.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba zonke iinguqu ezenziwe kule fayile zichaphazela kuphela isixhobo ofaka kuso. Ezinye izixhobo ziya kuqhubeka nokusombulula imimandla nge-DNS eqhelekileyo.

Iphi ifayile yenginginya ebekwe kwindlela nganye?

Indlela eya kwinginginya yefayile iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusebenza:

  • IiWindows (zonke iinguqulelo): C:\Windows\System32\abaqhubi\etc\hosts (akukho lwandiso lwefayile)
  • I-Linux: / njl / imikhosi
  • IMacOS: /yabucala/etc/hosts (kwiinguqulelo ezindala, ufikelela nakwiSimina)

Kuzo zonke iinkqubo, kufuneka ube nomlawuli okanye amalungelo omsebenzisi ongaphezulu ukulungisa ifayile yenginginya. Ke ngoko, nanini na ufuna ukuyihlela kuya kufuneka uvule umhleli ohambelanayo ngeemvume eziphakamileyo.

Uyiguqula njani ifayile yenginginya kwiWindows inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya kwiWindows yinkqubo elula, kodwa ifuna umhleli wokubhaliweyo ukuba aqhutywe ngeemvume zomlawuli. Oku kubalulekile ukusuka kwiWindows Vista ukuya phambili, ngenxa yenkqubo yoLawulo lweAkhawunti yoMsebenzisi (UAC).

  1. Cinezela iqhosha yokuqalisa okanye usebenzise ibha yokukhangela ukufumana i-app Iphepha lememo (Incwadana).
  2. Cofa ekunene kwi-Notepad kwaye ukhethe Sebenzisa njengomlawuli.
  3. KwiNotepad, yiya ku Ifayile> Vula kwaye ujonge kwindlela C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  4. Ngokungagqibekanga, awunakubona naziphi na iifayile kwisiqulathi seefayili kuba ucofa iifayile ezibhaliweyo (.txt). Guqula isihluzo sibe "Zonke iifayile" ukuze kuvele iindwendwe.
  5. Khetha ifayile yamabandla kwaye ucofe Vula.
  6. Yenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko: yongeza imigca emitsha ngokuhlonipha ifomathi IP domain.com, umzekelo: 
    93.184.216.34 umzekelo.org www.example.org
  7. Gcina utshintsho kwi Ifayile> Gcina.

Ukuze utshintsho lwenzeke kwangoko, cofa i-DNS cache: vula umgca womyalelo (cmd) njengomlawuli kwaye uqhube:

ipconfig / flushdns

Ngale ndlela, iWindows iya kuqalisa ukusebenzisa ifayile yenginginya entsha ukusuka ngalo mzuzu ukuya phambili.

Ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya kwi-macOS

Kwi-Mac, ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya kuqondile, kodwa kukhethwa ukuba kwenziwe kwiSitena.

    1. Vula isicelo Indawo yokukhwelela kusuka Launchpad okanye ukusuka Izicelo> Izixhobo> iTheminali.
    2. Chwetheza lo myalelo ulandelayo kwaye ucinezele u-Enter: 
      sudo nano /private/etc/hosts
    3. Ngenisa igama eliyimfihlo lomsebenzisi xa ucelwa ukuba ufumane amalungelo.
    4. Umhleli nano izakuvumela ukuba uguqule kancinane ifayile. Yongeza, cima, okanye uhlele imigca njengoko kufuneka, usebenzisa ifomathi eqhelekileyo:
127.0.0.1 ihostela yendawo 192.168.1.99 uphuhliso.engingqi
  1. Gcina utshintsho nge Ctrl + O kwaye ivala umhleli nge Ctrl + X.
  2. Ukusebenzisa utshintsho ngaphandle kokuqalisa ngokutsha, cofa i-cache ye-DNS ngokuqhuba: 
    I-dscacheutil -flushcache

Ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya kwiLinux

Inkqubo kwiLinux iyafana kakhulu naleyo ikwiMac, ngaphandle kokuba indawo yahlukile kwaye kukho abahleli abahlukeneyo abakhoyo.

  1. Vula ifestile yeTheminali.
  2. Yandisa amalungelo kumsebenzisi ophezulu nge: 
    sudo su
  3. Vula ifayile yenginginya ngomhleli wakho owuthandayo, umzekelo: 
    nano / njl / imikhosi
  4. Hlela ifayile njengoko unqwenela ngokulandela ifomathi yendawo ye-IP, umzekelo: 
    10.0.0.1 uvavanyo.kwindawo
  5. Gcina utshintsho (kwi-nano, Ctrl + O; kwi-vim, : wq).

Ukuqalisa kwakhona akudli ngokuba yimfuneko, kodwa ezinye iinkonzo (ezinje ngebhrawuza okanye iidaemoni ze-DNS) zinokufuna ukuphinda ziqalwe ngokutsha okanye zigungxulwe i-cache yazo.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko ekufuneka uwathathe phambi kokuhlela ifayile yenginginya?

Ukuguqula ifayile yenginginya kunokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo, kokubili okulungileyo kunye nokubi. Ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthathele ingqalelo iingcebiso ezininzi:

  • Soloko usenza ikopi yogcino lwefayile yoqobo kwangaphambili. Ngale ndlela unokubuyela umva ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezivelayo.
  • Sukususa iilayini ezingagqibekanga, ngakumbi ezo zikhankanya umamkeli wasekhaya., njengoko ziyinxalenye yoqwalaselo lwenkqubo esisiseko kwaye zinokuchaphazela imisebenzi yendawo.
  • Jonga isivakalisi ngononophelo: Indawo engachanekanga okanye isithuba sinokunikezela ngomgca okanye zonke isisombululo sendawo esingasebenzisekiyo.
  • Musa ukubhala phantsi ii-IPs ezingalunganga okanye uphathe ifayile ngaphandle kokwazi into oyenzayo, kuba unokuthintela ufikelelo kwiiwebhusayithi, iiseva ze-antivirus, uhlaziyo, okanye ushiye ikhompyuter yakho ingadityaniswanga kwiinkonzo ezithile.
  • Lawula utshintsho olukrokrelekayo kwiinginginya: I-malware okanye umhlaseli unokuyihlela ukuvala izixhobo ezibalulekileyo okanye akuthumele kwiiwebhusayithi zomgunyathi.

Ukuba unawo nawaphi na amathandabuzo malunga nomgca kwiinginginya, fumana umthombo wawo phambi kokuba uwucime okanye uwulungise.

Imingcipheko yokuguqula ngokungalunganga ifayile yenginginya

Ifayile yenginginya yinto ekujoliswe kuyo eqhelekileyo kwi-malware okanye abahlaseli, njengoko ukuyilawula kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zokhuseleko:

  • Ukwalathiswa kwakhona kumaphepha anobuqhophololo: Ezinye iintsholongwane okanye uhlaselo luguqula le fayile ukwenzela ukuba xa ufaka idilesi esemthethweni (umzekelo, idilesi yebhanki yakho), isikhangeli sakho siphelela kwiwebhusayithi yobuxoki eyenzelwe ukuba idatha.
  • Ukuvala iiseva ze-antivirus okanye uhlaziyo lwenkqubo: Ngokuthintela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni, isixhobo sakho sinokushiywa singakhuselekanga kwaye sisengozini kwizoyikiso ezintsha.
  • Ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezibalulekileyo okanye izixhobo zenkampani zangaphakathi: Impazamo okanye ukucima ngempazamo kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela imveliso okanye amava omsebenzisi.
  • Ukucotha kwesixhobo: Ukuba ifayile yenginginya ikhula ngokugqithisileyo (ngokongeza uluhlu olukhulu, umzekelo ukuvala iintengiso), inokulayisha ngaphezulu inkonzo yomxhasi weDNS kwaye ibangele ukucotha, ngakumbi kwiWindows.

Ke ngoko, hlela kuphela ifayile yenginginya xa uyayazi into oyenzayo kwaye uyigcine ikhuselwe kunikezelo olungagunyaziswanga.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye neempawu eziphambili usebenzisa ifayile yenginginya

Ifayile yenginginya ikuvumela ukuba wenze okungakumbi kunokubona iliso. Eminye yeyona misebenzi iphambili kwaye iluncedo ibandakanya:

  • Ukwalathisa ngokutsha: Unokuba nesisombululo sesizinda kwidilesi ye-IP eyahlukileyo kuneyo ekhomba esidlangalaleni, umzekelo, ukufikelela kwiwebhusayithi yakho entsha ngaphambi kokuba i-DNS yokwenene itshintshe, okanye ukuseta iindawo zesiteji.
  • Ukuthintela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezingafunwayo okanye eziyingozi: Lungisa ngokulula ezo midaka ziye ku-0.0.0.0 okanye 127.0.0.1 kwaye ikhompyuter yakho ayisayi kuphinda ikwazi ukufikelela kuyo kwakhona.
  • Faka izimvo kuxwebhu lotshintsho: Sebenzisa isimboli # ukucacisa umgca ngamnye okanye isizathu sokuqondisa ngokutsha okanye ibhloko nganye. Oku kuya kuququzelela uphononongo lwexesha elizayo okanye uphicotho.
  • Lungiselela ufikelelo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo: Unokwabela amagama kwiiPC zangaphakathi okanye iiseva ukwenzela ukuba abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuxhuma usebenzisa igama elilula (umncedisi1, umshicileli, isiseko sedatha, njl.) ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwi-DNS ye-router.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Kwiimeko apho umninimzi usetyenziselwa ukuvimba amawaka emimandla (intengiso, i-malware, njl.), kukho izixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba udibanise imimandla kumgca omnye okanye unciphise impembelelo ekusebenzeni.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngojongano lomzobo, ukulawula amangeno kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nokuguqulwa ngengozi.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo ezithile zokucinezela ezifana iiswitshi virtual ukuya kwiqela lemimandla kwaye unqande ukugcwala kwenkonzo ye-DNS.
  Zigcinwa phi iifoto-skrini Windows 10

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngojongano lomzobo, ukulawula amangeno kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nokuguqulwa ngengozi.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngojongano lomzobo, ukulawula amangeno kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nokuguqulwa ngengozi.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngojongano lomzobo, ukulawula amangeno kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nokuguqulwa ngengozi.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

  Ezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo kunye namaqhinga Windows 11 ukugcinwa

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngojongano lomzobo, ukulawula amangeno kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nokuguqulwa ngengozi.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngojongano lomzobo, ukulawula amangeno kunye nokukhusela ngokuchasene nokuguqulwa ngengozi.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngokusebenzisa ujongano lomzobo, ulawulo olunokuba luncedo ukunqanda iimpazamo.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

  I-Fedora 42 yeWindows: Yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi ukufaka nokusebenzisa iFedora kwiPC yakho

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngokusebenzisa ujongano lomzobo, ulawulo olunokuba luncedo ukunqanda iimpazamo.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngokusebenzisa ujongano lomzobo, ulawulo olunokuba luncedo ukunqanda iimpazamo.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

Iimpawu zokuba ifayile yenginginya yakho itshintshiwe okanye ithotyiwe

Kukho imiqondiso emininzi enokuthi ikwazise ukuba ifayile yenginginya ilungisiwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho:

  • Awukwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ebezikade zisebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki.
  • Isikhangeli sakho sikuthumela kwakhona kwiisayithi ezikrokrelekayo, iintengiso, okanye amaphepha omgunyathi xa uzama ukulayisha iiwebhusayithi eziqhelekileyo.
  • Iinkonzo zohlaziyo lwesistim esebenzayo (uHlaziyo lweWindows, njl. njl.) ziyasilela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ziyasilela ukuhlaziya okanye ukulahlekelwa yimidibaniso kwiiseva zabo.

Ukuba ubona nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, jonga kwakhona ifayile yenginginya usebenzisa umhleli okhuselekileyo kwaye ucime imigca ekrokrisayo, ubuyisele ifayile kwimeko yayo yokuqala ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ungalibali ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo nge-antivirus yakho.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo zokufumana okuninzi kwifayile yenginginya

Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwakudala olukhankanywe ngasentla, kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ezinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ithuba lokuhlela umamkeli:

  • Yongeza inkcazo yenkcazo: Bhala inqaku ngalinye ukuze uzikhumbuze ngenjongo yalo (umzekelo, # Ukwalathisa okwethutyana ngenxa yokufuduka).
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo: Ukusebenzisa izikripthi, unokwenza okwexeshana/uvale imigca ethile ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho zophuhliso okanye zovavanyo.
  • Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya ukuvala uluhlu lomkhondo okanye iintengiso: Uninzi lwabahlali be-intanethi bapapasha uluhlu lweenginginya ezinobungozi okanye zentengiso onokuzongeza ukuphucula ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kwe-intanethi.
  • Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamangeno: Ukuba ifayile ikhula kakhulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukunqanda ukulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo yakho ye-DNS.

Khumbula ukuba ifayile yenginginya ihlala iphambili ngaphezulu kwesisombululo seDNS esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemiba yokufikelela emva kokuyilungisa, khangela ukuba imigca ifomathiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye awuvali ngengozi izixhobo.

Khusela ifayile yenginginya kulungiso olungagunyaziswanga

Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokhuseleko ekhankanywe ngasentla, kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela ifayile yenginginya ekubeni ihlelwe yi-malware okanye abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.

KwiWindows, ungayenza ngolu hlobo:

  • Ukufikelela kwi C: \ Windows \ System32 \ abaqhubi \ njl.
  • Ekunene cofa kwifayile yamabandla kwaye uye ku Propiedades.
  • Jonga ibhokisi Funda kuphela kwaye cinezela aplicar y ukwamukela.

Ukukhusela ngakumbi ikhompyuter yakho, sebenzisa iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi ezingengomlawuli mihla le kwaye ugcine iakhawunti yolawulo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngale ndlela, nokuba i-malware okanye umhlaseli ufumana ukufikelela, abayi kuba nelungelo lokuhlela iinginginya.

Kwakhona, gcina i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe, yenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile ujonge amangeniso angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge kwakhona ifayile ukuba ubona utshintsho olukrokrisayo kukhangelo.

Izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluncedo ukuhlela ifayile yenginginya ngokulula

Ukuba awufuni ukuhlela ifayile ngabahleli abaqhelekileyo, kukho izinto eziluncedo kunye neenkqubo ezenza umsebenzi ube lula kwaye ukhuseleke ngakumbi:

  • Ibhlokhi yomamkeli: Ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ifayile yenginginya ngokusebenzisa ujongano lomzobo, ulawulo olunokuba luncedo ukunqanda iimpazamo.
  • Indoda yomkhosi: Inika ulawulo lokungena oluphambili, ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo iisayithi ze-malware usebenzisa uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanya iindawo zokugcina zangaphandle.
  • Umhleli weFayile enguMququzeleli: Inkqubo elula ebonisa amangeno kwifomathi yetafile, ekuvumela ukuba uhlele, uvule, ukhubaze, okanye wongeze izimvo ngokubonakalayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
  • Inginginya Umhleli Wefayile (Iqela Lesithathu): Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zigxile ekwenzeni lula kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuhlela.

Ezi zixhobo azikho luncedo kubasebenzisi abangenamava kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenza kwabo balawula iindawo zokungena ezininzi kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko, ulawulo olubonakalayo.

Buyisela okanye phinda usete ifayile yenginginya kwindawo yayo yokuqala

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ifayile yenginginya iqala ukunika iingxaki kwaye awukhumbuli utshintsho olwenzileyo, luluvo oluhle ukuyibuyisela kwisimo sayo sokuqala.

KwiWindows, unokuvula ifayile kwaye ushiye kuphela imigca engagqibekanga, eqhelekileyo:

# Ilungelo lokushicilela (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # Le yisampuli yefayile ye-HOSTS esetyenziswa nguMicrosoft TCP/IP kwiWindows. # # Le fayile iqulethe iimephu zeedilesi ze-IP ukubamba amagama. # Ingeniso nganye kufuneka igcinwe kumgca ngamnye. Idilesi ye-IP kufuneka # ibekwe kumhlathi wokuqala ilandelwe ligama lomamkeli ohambelanayo. # Idilesi ye-IP kunye negama lomninimzi kufuneka lahlulwe ubuncinane # indawo. # # Umzekelo: # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # umncedisi womthombo # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x umamkeli weklayenti # # isisombululo segama lenginginya yasekhaya siphathwa ngaphakathi kweDNS ngokwayo. # 127.0.0.1 indwendwe yendawo # ::1 indwendwe yendawo

Gcina ifayile, gubha i-cache ye-DNS, kwaye yonke into iya kubuyela kwesiqhelo. Kwezinye iisistim zokusebenza, cima ngokulula yonke imigca eyongeziweyo ngaphandle kwaleyo ihambelana nenginginya yendawo.

yintoni wazuh-6
Inqaku elidibeneyo:
Yintoni i-Wazuh: Iqonga loMthombo oVulekileyo loKhuseleko lwe-Cybersecurity lwale mihla

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