Konke malunga ne-OLAP: yintoni kunye nendlela yokwenza uninzi lwayo

Uhlaziyo lokugqibela: 13 de enero de 2025
umbhali: TecnoDigital
  • I-OLAP icwangcisa idatha ibe yityhubhu enezinto ezininzi ukuze uhlalutyo olukhawulezayo noluguquguqukayo.
  • Ikhona kwiintlobo ezintathu: i-ROLAP, i-MOLAP kunye ne-HOLAP, nganye ineempawu ezithile.
  • Imisebenzi yayo efana ne-Drill-down kunye ne-Pivot iququzelela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nokunxibelelana.

Yintoni i-OLAP?

Ukusetyenzwa kohlalutyo lwe-Intanethi, eyaziwa nge-acronym yayo ngesiNgesi njenge-OLAP (i-Online Analytical Processing), sisixhobo esisisiseko kwihlabathi lezobukrelekrele beshishini kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. Ukuba ujonge ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngokusekelwe kumthamo omkhulu wedatha, le nkqubo ingaba ngumhlobo wakho ongcono. Nangona igama layo lobuchwephesha lisenokubonakala lintsonkothile, ingcamango engemva kwe-OLAP iyafikeleleka kwaye ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwindlela iinkampani eziqonda ngayo kunye nokusebenzisa idatha yazo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga nzulu ukuba yintoni i-OLAP, isebenza njani, kwaye zeziphi iinkqubo zayo eziphambili. Ukongeza, siya kuphonononga kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo ze-OLAP, amacandelo azo aphambili, kunye nezizathu zokuba kutheni ziye zaba sisiqwenga esibalulekileyo kumashishini anamhlanje.

Yintoni i-OLAP kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni?

I-OLAP iteknoloji yekhompyutha eyenzelwe ukuhlalutya idatha kwiimbono ezininzi.. Ngokusisiseko, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babuze, bahlalutye kwaye babone umthamo omkhulu wedatha ngokukhawuleza nangokulula. Le nkqubo ilungiselelwe ngokuyintloko kwimisebenzi yokufunda kwaye iluncedo ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yengqondo yeshishini efana nohlalutyo lwentsingiselo, uqikelelo lwentengiso, ucwangciso lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nengxelo yezemali.

Yintoni eyenza i-OLAP yahluke kwezinye iinkqubo kukuba iququzelela idatha kuyo iityhubhu ezininzi. Ezi tyhubhu zikuvumela ukuba uhlalutye ulwazi oluvela kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, njengamaxesha, imimandla yejografi, okanye imigca yemveliso. Oku kwenza i-OLAP ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiinkampani ezijonge ukwenza izigqibo ezikhawulezayo ezisekelwe kwidatha eqinileyo.

  Ukugcinwa kweDatha yokuThatha iZigqibo

Ukusetyenzwa kohlalutyo lwe-multidimensional

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-OLAP

I-OLAP ibalasele ngokukwazi kwayo ukwenza uhlalutyo olunzima kwaye uphathe idatha ye-multidimensional. Ezinye zeempawu zayo eziphambili zichazwe ngezantsi:

  • Uhlalutyo lwe-multidimensional: Idatha ihlelwe ngokwemilinganiselo ye-hierarchical evumela uhlalutyo olucacileyo.
  • Isantya kwimpendulo: I-OLAP isebenzisa izakhiwo eziphuculweyo ukukhawulezisa imibuzo kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okulinda.
  • Ukuhlola okusebenzisanayo: Abasebenzisi banokugrumba phantsi kwidatha okanye bajonge izishwankathelo ezibanzi njengoko kufuneka.
  • Ulwakhiwo lwemigangatho: Idatha inokucwangciswa ngokwamanqanaba afana nonyaka, ikota, inyanga, kunye nosuku ukuququzelela uhlalutyo lwexeshana.

Iindidi zeenkqubo ze-OLAP

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zenkqubo ye-OLAP, nganye ineempawu ezithile kunye neenzuzo:

I-ROLAP (i-OLAP yobudlelwane)

I-ROLAP igcina idatha kwi uvimba wolwazi kwaye yenza uhlalutyo oluguqukayo lwe-multidimensional. Inzuzo yayo ephambili kukukwazi ukulinganisa kwimithamo emikhulu yedatha. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo kunokuncipha ngemibuzo enzima kakhulu.

MOLAP (Muldimensional OLAP)

Isebenzisa i-MOLAP iityhubhu ezininzi kwaye yenzelwe ukunika iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo kwimibuzo esele ichaziwe. Nangona i-agile kwaye isebenza kakuhle, i-scalability yayo ilinganiselwe, enokuba yingxaki kwiinkampani ezinolwazi oluninzi.

I-HOLAP (Hybrid OLAP)

I-HOLAP idibanisa iingenelo ze-ROLAP kunye ne-MOLAP. Inika ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi speed kunye nokulinganisa, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwiinkampani ezineemfuno zokucubungula idatha eziphakathi.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ze-OLAP

Impumelelo yenkqubo ye-OLAP isekelwe kwizinto ezininzi izinto eziphambili ezisebenza kunye:

  • Iityhubhu ze-OLAP: Izakhiwo ezininzi ezivumela ukuba idatha igcinwe kwaye ihlalutywe kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo.
  • Ubungakanani: Iindidi ezifana nexesha, indawo, okanye imveliso eququzelela idatha ngokoluhlu.
  • Imilinganiselo: Idatha yobungakanani obufana neentengiso okanye iingeniso, ezihlalutywa ngokwemilinganiselo.
  • Amalungu abaliweyo: Amaxabiso athathwe kwimisebenzi yezibalo kwidatha ekhoyo.
  Uluhlu lweDatha: Yintoni, izibonelelo kunye nendlela yokuyiphumeza

OLAP izicelo kwishishini

Imisebenzi esisiseko kwi-OLAP

Enkosi kwimisebenzi ebonelelwa yi-OLAP, abahlalutyi banokukhohlisa kwaye baphonononge idatha ngeendlela ezibhetyebhetye kakhulu:

  • Rolela Phezulu: Ekwabizwa ngokuba lumanyano, ivumela idatha ukuba ishwankathelwe kumanqanaba aphezulu kuluhlu lwedatha.
  • Drilela phantsi: Iququzelela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ngokugrumba ukuya kumanqanaba asezantsi ngaphakathi kwemilinganiselo.
  • Isilayi: Khetha iseti yedatha esekwe kumlinganiselo omnye.
  • I-Pivot: Lungisa kwakhona imilinganiselo ukunika iimbono ezahlukeneyo zedatha.

Izinto ezilungileyo zokuphumeza i-OLAP kwiinkampani

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-OLAP kuzisa iingenelo ezininzi, ngakumbi kwicandelo lobukrelekrele beshishini:

  • Uhlalutyo olukhawulezayo: I-OLAP ikuvumela ukuba wenze imibuzo entsonkothileyo kwimizuzwana nje embalwa.
  • Izigqibo ezinolwazi olungcono: Iququzelela ukufikelela kulwazi oluneenkcukacha nolufanelekileyo.
  • Ukuzinza: Abasebenzisi banokulungisa imibuzo ngokweemfuno zabo ezithile.
  • Isikali: Ezinye iinkqubo ze-OLAP, ezifana ne-ROLAP kunye ne-HOLAP, ziyakwazi ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wedatha.

I-OLAP ibe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kwiinkampani ezifuna ukwandisa uhlalutyo lwazo kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo. Ikhono layo lokudibanisa idatha evela kwimithombo emininzi, idibaniswe nokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nesantya, yenza ukuba ilungele naluphi na uhlobo lombutho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungakanani okanye icandelo.