- Ukufaka esikhundleni se-anode ye-graphite nge-silicon-carbon kuvumela amandla okugcina ama-ion ukuthi aphindwe ngamaphesenti afinyelela kwayishumi.
- Lobu buchwepheshe bufinyelela ibhalansi ephazamisayo phakathi kokuzimela okukhulu kanye nemiklamo emincane kakhulu nelula kumadivayisi eselula.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ezincane zekhabhoni kuxazulula ukungazinzi okubonakalayo kwe-silicon, futhi kuthuthukisa isivinini sokushaja.
Sesibopheke nge-lithium-ion battery chemistry cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ubuchwepheshe obuthi, nakuba bushintsha kakhulu esikhathini salo, bufinyelele umkhawulo okunzima ukuwudlula. Kuze kube muva nje, uma besifuna ukuthi i-smartphone yethu ihlale isikhathi eside, bekungekho okunye ngaphandle kokufaka ibhethri elikhulu, eliguqule amadivayisi aba izitini ezisindayo nezinzima ezazingakhululekile ukuzithwala.
Kodwa-ke, isimo sishintsha kakhulu ngenxa yokuvela kwe-silicon-carbon. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha akuwona umlingo, kodwa ubunjiniyela bezinto ezihlanzekile obuphula umgoqo phakathi komklamo omncane kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, kuvulela isizukulwane samadivayisi angasaphoqeleli abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe phakathi kobuhle obuncane kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri.
Buyini ngempela ubuchwepheshe be-silicon-carbon?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu kugxuma, sidinga ukubheka ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwengxenye. Amabhethri avamile e-lithium-ion (Li-ion) noma i-polymer (LiPo) asebenzisa i-graphite ku-anode, okuyi-electrode engemihle. I-Graphite izinzile futhi ayibizi, kodwa inomkhawulo womthamo ophawuleka kakhulu. I-silicon, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyinto enkulu kakhulu ekwazi ukugcina ama-ion e-lithium afinyelela ku-10 ngegremu kune-carbon yendabuko.
Inkinga iwukuthi i-silicon inephutha elikhulu: uma ishajwa futhi ikhishwa, iyakhula futhi inciphe ngamandla (kufika ku-300-400%), okungabangela ukuthi ibhethri liqhume noma lonakale ngesikhathi esirekhodiwe. Yilapho ikhabhoni ingena khona, isebenza njenge- nanostructured matrix noma ikheji elinciphisa lokhu kunyakaza, ligcina isakhiwo esizinzile futhi lisebenzise kahle ugesi wekhabhoni.
Ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe: I-Traditional Lithium vs. I-Silicon-Carbon
Nakuba zombili lezi zobuchwepheshe zinomgomo wokushintshana kwama-ion, umehluko wobuchwepheshe mkhulu kakhulu uma sihlaziya ukusebenza kwangempela:
- Ukwakheka kwe-anode: Nakuba amabhethri e-Li-ion esebenzisa i-graphite emsulwa, izinguqulo ezintsha zisebenzisa ingxube ye-silicon ne-carbon noma ama-nanocomposites.
- Ukuminyana kwamandla: I-Silicon ivumela ubuningi obuphakathi kuka-300 no-350 Wh/kg, okuhunyushwa kube ukuzimela okwandisiwe okuphakathi kuka-20% no-30% ukugcina usayizi ofanayo ngokomzimba.
- Isivinini sokulayisha: Ngenxa yokuthi i-silicon yenza kube lula ukungena nokuphuma kwama-ion ngokushesha, ayangeniswa izindleko ezishesha kakhulu ngokucindezeleka okuncane kokushisa.
- Ukuzinza nempilo yeshelufu: I-Graphite iyabikezelwa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. I-Silicon-carbon isathuthukiswa, yize sekukhona izivivinyo ezibonisa ukuthi igcina amandla angaphezu kuka-80% ngemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja eyi-1.000.
Umthelela wemakethe: Omakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi kanye nokuhamba kukagesi
Lobu buchwepheshe sebuvele buthathe igxathu elivela elabhorethri laya emgwaqweni. Abakhiqizi baseShayina abanjengoHonor, Xiaomi, kanye no-Oppo bahola indlela. Isibonelo esicacile yi-Honor Magic V3, ekwazi ukufaka i-5.150 mAh emzimbeni omncane kakhulu, noma i-Oppo A6 Max, enama-7.000 mAh ngaphandle kokuba mkhulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvuselela amafomu amancane kanye namamodeli 'e-Air' , okwakudingeka adele impilo yebhethri ngaphambilini ukuze afinyelele iphrofayili encane.
Kodwa akukhona nje kuphela ngamafoni aphathwayo. Emkhakheni wokuhamba ozinzile, njengamabhayisikili kagesi nama-scooter, lawa mabhethri anciphisa ukukhiqizwa ngokudinga amaseli ambalwa ukuze kukhishwe amandla afanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon iyinto eningi futhi engabizi kakhulu kune-graphite ehlanzekile kakhulu, yize izinqubo zokukhiqiza zamanje zisalokhu ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Imiqondo eyinhloko yokuqonda amandla amanje
Ukuze ugweme ukudukiswa ukumaketha, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqondo efana nama-milliampere-hours (mAh). Leli nani libonisa ukuthi ibhethri lingaletha amandla angakanani ngehora elilodwa. Kodwa-ke, i-mAh eyengeziwe ayisho njalo impilo yebhethri eyengeziwe , njengoba ukuphathwa kweprosesa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesikrini kunomthelela omkhulu. Ngokuphathelene nokushaja, manje sikhuluma ngama-watts (W), lapho i-voltage kanye ne-amperage kusebenza njengemizila emgwaqweni omkhulu lapho amandla ageleza khona.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho ukushaja okungenantambo kwe-Qi kanye nokuthuthuka kwayo ku- Qi2 nge-MagSafe , esebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kukhulunywa ngamabhethri e-solid-state , angangena esikhundleni se-electrolyte ewuketshezi nge-solid, okuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokumelana nokushisa, yize esabiza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngobuningi.
Amathiphu okuvimbela ibhethri lakho ukuthi lingafi
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idivayisi yakho isebenzisa i-graphite noma i-silicon, kunemithetho yegolide yokuvimbela ukuwohloka. Kungcono ukunciphisa ukushaja kwebhethri kube phakathi kuka -20% no-80% , ugweme ukuvumela ifoni ifinyelele ku-0% noma ihlale njalo ku-100%. Ukushisa okukhulu kuyisitha esibi kakhulu kunoma yiliphi ibhethri, ngakho gwema ukushiya ifoni yakho elangeni eliqondile noma ukusebenzisa amashaja angewona awemvelo.
Ukwandisa impilo yebhethri, ukuvala izinhlelo zokusebenza zangemuva, ukwehlisa ukukhanya kwesikrini, nokuvala i-GPS noma i-Bluetooth uma ingasetshenziswa kusiza kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene namabhethri asusekayo, yize i-European Union ifuna ukukhuthaza ukushintshwa kwawo ngo-2027, abakhiqizi abaningi bafuna ukukhululwa ngenxa yezizathu zokuqina , ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi sizoqhubeka nokubona amadivayisi avaliwe.
Ukushintshela ku-silicon-carbon kuphawula ingqophamlando kuma-elekthronikhi aphathekayo ngokuvumela amandla akhuphukile ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni isikhala esibonakalayo. Naphezu kwezinselele zokuqina kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza, ikhono lokunciphisa ukujiya kwedivayisi ngenkathi kukhulisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri kanye nesivinini sokushaja kwenza lobu buchwepheshe bube yimbangela enamandla kakhulu yokushintsha i-lithium evamile eminyakeni ezayo.
