Ezokuxhumana: Ziyini futhi iyini imisebenzi yazo?

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Ezokuxhumana: Ziyini futhi iyini imisebenzi yazo?

Isingeniso

Ezokuxhumana ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kusukela lapho sivuka futhi sibheka ama-smartphones ethu kuya lapho sixhuma ku-inthanethi ngomsebenzi noma esikoleni, akhona kuzo zonke izici zomphakathi wethu wesimanje.

Ezokuxhumana zibhekisela ekudluliselweni nasekutholeni ulwazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izwi, idatha noma izithombe, ngokusebenzisa imidiya ehlukene. Le midiya isukela ezintamboni ze-fiber optic, izintambo zethusi, amaza omsakazo, amasathelayithi kanye nobuchwepheshe obungenawaya.

Namuhla, ezokuxhumana zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni komhlaba wonke, okwenza kube nokuxhumana okusheshayo phakathi kwabantu nezinhlangano ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Baphinde bashintsha indlela esifinyelela ngayo ulwazi futhi bashintsha indlela esisebenza ngayo, esitadisha, esizijabulisa ngayo kanye nokuxhumana nabanye.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kube umphumela wenqubo ende yomlando eye yathuthuka kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ezimpawini zokuqala zomusi kanye nezigubhu ezisetshenziswa yimiphakathi yasendulo ukudlulisa imiyalezo, kuya kumanethiwekhi e-fiber optic asheshayo kanye nokuxhumana kwesathelayithi esikwaziyo namuhla, ukuxhumana kukhule kakhulu ngokwejubane, ububanzi, kanye nomthamo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana ngocingo, imisebenzi yazo, nokubaluleka kwazo. Sizohlola ukuthi ezokuxhumana zikuvumela kanjani ukudluliswa kolwazi, ukuxhumana okukude, kanye nokufinyelela olwazini. Sizophinde sihlaziye izinzuzo ezinikezwa yizokuxhumana ngezingcingo emikhakheni eyahlukene, kanye nezinselele ezibhekene nalo mkhakha olokhu uvela njalo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole ukuthi ezokuxhumana ziwuguqule kanjani umhlaba wethu nokuthi ziqhubeka kanjani nokuba yinsika eyisisekelo yenqubekelaphambili kanye nokuxhumana emphakathini wanamuhla.

Umlando wezokuxhumana

Kusukela ezindleleni zakudala zokuxhumana kuya kubuchwepheshe obuphambili esibusebenzisa namuhla, umlando wokuxhumana ngocingo ubuyinqubo yokuthuthuka njalo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola amagxathu abalulekile akhombise ukuthuthuka kwezokuxhumana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuqala kokuxhumana ngocingo kungalandelelwa emuva empucukweni yasendulo, lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona izinhlelo eziyisidala ukuze kudluliselwe imiyalezo ezindaweni ezikude. Ngokwesibonelo, abaseGibhithe lasendulo babesebenzisa izimpawu zentuthu nezigubhu ukuze baxhumane ezindaweni ezikude.

Njengoba isintu sithuthuka, kwavela izindlela zokuxhumana eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngekhulu le-19, kwasungulwa i-telegraph, eyavumela ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo ezindaweni ezikude kusetshenziswa amasignali kagesi ngohlelo lwezintambo. Lokhu kusungulwa kwezinguquko kwavumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo, kwasusa isidingo sokuthumela imiyalezo ngehhashi noma ngeposi.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha butholakala futhi kuthuthukiswa izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaba noshintsho olukhulu emkhakheni wezokuxhumana ngocingo ngokusungulwa kocingo. Ngo-1876, u-Alexander Graham Bell wanikeza ilungelo lobunikazi locingo lokuqala, okwenza kube lula ukudlulisa izwi ngesikhathi sangempela ngezintambo.

Kulo lonke ikhulu lama-20, ezokuxhumana zaba nokwanda okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Ukusungulwa kwezinhlelo zomsakazo, ithelevishini kanye nesathelayithi kwandise futhi kwanwetshwa amakhono okuxhumana, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufinyelela izilaleli eziningi emhlabeni jikelele.

Nokho, uguquko lwangempela emlandweni wezokuxhumana lwafika ngokufika kwe-Internet. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, i-inthanethi yaba ithuluzi elitholakala yonke indawo elaguqula indlela esixhumana ngayo nokufinyelela olwazini. Ukuxhumeka kwe-Broadband, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, nokuthuthukiswa kwezivumelwano zewebhu nobuchwepheshe kunikeze amandla ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo, ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke, kanye nokushintshisana kolwazi ngesikhathi sangempela.

Sengiphetha, umlando wezokuxhumana kube uhambo oluhehayo kusukela ezindleleni zakudala zokuxhumana kuya ekuxhumekeni komhlaba wonke esikubonayo namuhla. Intuthuko ngayinye yezobuchwepheshe iye yandisa imingcele yezokuxhumana, yasondeza abantu ndawonye futhi yadiliza imigoqo yendawo. Sizoqhubeka nokuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumana kanye nemisebenzi yazo ezigabeni ezilandelayo zalesi sihloko.

Izinzuzo nezinselelo zokuxhumana ngocingo

Ezokuxhumana zinikeza inani lezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi wethu. Kodwa-ke, baphinde babhekane nezinselelo okufanele zinqotshwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela okulinganayo nokuvikelekile kwezokuxhumana. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola kokubili izinzuzo nezinselelo zokuxhumana ngocingo emhlabeni wanamuhla.

Izinzuzo zokuxhumana ngocingo

Ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke

Ezokuxhumana zisivumela ukuthi sixhumeke ngaso sonke isikhathi nakuzo zonke izindawo. Noma ngabe ngezingcingo, imiyalezo, i-imeyili noma izinkundla zokuxhumana, singakwazi ukuxhumana ngokushesha nabantu emhlabeni wonke.

Ukufinyelela kolwazi

Uxhumano lwe-inthanethi ngocingo lusinika ukufinyelela okungakaze kubonwe emininingwaneni eminingi. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sicwaninge, sifunde futhi sihlale sinolwazi lwakamuva ngezihloko eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokufinyelela kumasevisi aku-inthanethi afana nokubhanga, ukuthenga nokuzijabulisa.

Ukugqugquzela ukuhweba kanye nebhizinisi

Ezokuxhumana zibalulekile kwezohwebo nezamabhizinisi emnothweni womhlaba. Ngenkomfa ngevidiyo, ukudluliswa kwedatha okuvikelekile kanye nokuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela nozakwethu bebhizinisi, izinkampani zinganweba imisebenzi yazo yeqe imingcele futhi zifinyelele izimakethe ezintsha.

Ukwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kwezempilo

Ezokuxhumana zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-telemedicine, okuvumela odokotela neziguli ukuthi baxhumane bekude. Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezifundeni ezinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezinsizeni zezokwelapha, njengoba kuvumela ukubonisana okukude kanye nokushintshisana ngolwazi lwezokwelapha.

Izinselelo zokuxhumana

Ukuhlukaniswa kwedijithali: Nakuba ezokuxhumana zithuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusenokungalingani okuphawulekayo ekufinyeleleni kwezokuxhumana. Ukwehlukana kwedijithali kusaqhubeka phakathi kwezifunda zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni, kanye naphakathi kwamazwe athuthukile nasathuthuka. Lokhu kunciphisa ikhono labanye abantu nemiphakathi yokuzuza ngokugcwele kwezokuxhumana.

Ukuphepha nobumfihlo

Njengoba kuncike kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, kuye kwavela nokukhathazeka ngokuphepha kanye nobumfihlo. Kumelwe kuqaliswe izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuvikela idatha edluliselwa ngokuxhumana kanye nokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi.

Ingqalasizinda nezinhlelo ezingasasebenzi

Ukuze ezokuxhumana zisebenze kahle futhi zithembeke, kudingeka ingqalasizinda nezinhlelo ezisesikhathini samanje. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifunda, ingqalasizinda ingase iphelelwe yisikhathi noma inganele, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Sengiphetha, bahlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi mayelana nokuxhumana komhlaba wonke, ukufinyelela olwazini, ukwenza lula ukuhweba kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuthuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, baphinde babhekane nezinselelo ngendlela yokuhlukaniswa kwedijithali, ukuphepha nobumfihlo, kanye nesidingo sengqalasizinda ebuyekeziwe. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinselele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile emphakathini wethu wanamuhla.

Ikusasa lezokuxhumana

Ukuxhumana ngocingo kuye kwathuthuka ngokushesha kuwo wonke umlando, futhi ikusasa lithembisa intuthuko kanye nezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola izitayela ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthembisayo obungabumba ikusasa lokuxhumana ngocingo.

5G

Enye yezindlela ezivelele kakhulu esikhathini esizayo sokuxhumana ngocingo ukuqaliswa nokwandiswa kobuchwepheshe be-5G. Lesi sizukulwane esisha samanethiwekhi eselula sithembisa isivinini sokuxhumana esisheshayo kakhulu, umthamo omkhulu, kanye nokubambezeleka okuncishisiwe. I-5G izovumela ukuxhumana okungcono kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile, izimoto ezizimele, i-Intanethi Yezinto , kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-augmented kanye ne-virtual reality, phakathi kwezinye.

I-inthanethi yezinto (IoT)

Ukuthuthuka kwe-IoT nakho kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kwezokuxhumana. Nge-IoT, amadivaysi ansuku zonke axhumeke komunye nomunye naku-inthanethi, okuvumela ukuxhumana nokushintshana kwedatha ngokuzenzakalelayo nangaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Lokhu kuzokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle emikhakheni efana nokuphathwa kwezinsiza, ezokuthutha kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

I-Artificial intelligence (AI)

I-AI yenza izinguquko emikhakheni eminingi, futhi ezokuxhumana nazo zinjalo. I-AI ingathuthukisa ukuhlaziya nokucutshungulwa kwenani elikhulu ledatha ekhiqizwa ezokuxhumana, okuholela ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinembe kakhudlwana kanye nolwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwabasebenzisi. Ingasiza futhi ngemisebenzi efana nokugcinwa kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi.

I-augmented reality (AR) kanye ne-virtual reality (VR)

Lobu buchwepheshe buya ngokuya bubaluleke kakhulu futhi bunamandla okuguqula ezokuxhumana. I-AR ne-VR zinika amandla ukuzizwisa okugxilile nokusebenzisanayo, okuzovula amathuba amasha ezindaweni ezifana nezemfundo, ukuzijabulisa, imihlangano ebonakalayo nokunye okuningi.

Amanethiwekhi azenzakalelayo nemisebenzi yenethiwekhi (NFV)

Amanethiwekhi azimele, asekelwe ku-automation nokufunda komshini, ahlose ukuzuza ukusebenza okuphumelelayo nokuzimele kwezokuxhumana. Ukwengeza, i-network functions virtualization (NFV) inika amandla imisebenzi yenethiwekhi namasevisi ukuthi asetshenziswe kusofthiwe esikhundleni sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingokoqobo, ukwenza lula ukuphatha nokunciphisa izindleko.

Kafushane, ikusasa lezokuxhumana libukeka lijabulisa, ngentuthuko efana nokusatshalaliswa kwe-5G, ukunwetshwa kwe-IoT, ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-AI, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bangempela obunwetshiwe nobungokoqobo, kanye nokuqaliswa kwamanethiwekhi azimele kanye ne-NFV. Le ntuthuko ithembisa ukuxhumana okukhulu, ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi kwezokuxhumana kwethu, futhi izovula amathuba amasha emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Umthelela emphakathini

Ezokuxhumana ziguqule umphakathi wethu ngezindlela eziningi, zakha amathuba amasha, zathuthukisa indlela esixhumana ngayo futhi zithinta izindawo eziningi zokuphila kwethu. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola umthelela wokuxhumana ngocingo emikhakheni eyahlukene yomphakathi.

Ukuxhumana nokuxhumana

Ezokuxhumana ziyishintshile indlela esixhumana ngayo. Ibanga alisesona isithiyo ngenxa yekhono lokushaya amakholi wefoni, ukuthumela imilayezo yombhalo, ama-imeyili, nokuxhumana ngenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nezinkundla zemiyalezo esheshayo. Okokugcina, zisigcina sixhumekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, zenza kube lula ukuxhumana komuntu siqu, kwebhizinisi, nokuxhumana nabantu.

Ukufinyelela olwazini nasemfundweni

Ngenxa yezokuxhumana, siyakwazi ukufinyelela inani elicishe lilinganiselwe lolwazi. Singasesha izimpendulo zemibuzo yethu, sifunde amakhono amasha, futhi sifinyelele izinsiza zemfundo ku-inthanethi. Ezokuxhumana zifinyelele intando yeningi emfundweni, okuvumela abantu ukuthi bafunde ngejubane labo nanoma yikuphi emhlabeni.

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho

Ezokuxhumana ziyimbangela eyinhloko yokukhula komnotho. Benza lula ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke ngokuvumela ukwanda kwebhizinisi nokuxhumana namakhasimende nabahlinzeki emhlabeni jikelele. Baphinde bakhuthaze ukuqamba okusha ngokudluliswa okusheshayo kolwazi nokusebenzisana phakathi kwabacwaningi, osomabhizinisi, kanye nochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene.

Ukwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokuphila kahle

Bathuthukise ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nokuphila kahle ngokuvumela i-telemedicine, ukuqapha kwesiguli kude, nokwabelana ngolwazi lwezokwelapha phakathi kochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezindaweni ezingenakufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezinsizeni zezokwelapha, lapho ukuxhumana ngocingo kungasindisa ukuphila ngokuxhumanisa iziguli nochwepheshe kanye nezinsiza zezokwelapha.

Izinguquko endleleni yokusebenza

Bayishintshile indlela esisebenza ngayo. Abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe banenketho yokusebenza bekude, okunikeza ukuguquguquka nokunciphisa isidingo sohambo olude. Ukwengeza, ezokuxhumana zenze ukuthi kwakhiwe amathimba omsebenzi akude nasebenzisanayo, kube lula ukuxhumana nokusebenzisana kumaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe.

Umthelela wezemvelo

Nakuba ezokuxhumana zinezinzuzo eziningi, nazo zinomthelela kwezemvelo. Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusimama kanye ne-carbon footprint yezokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke, ezokuxhumana nazo zingaba negalelo ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokuvumela ukwamukelwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikude kanye nezokuxhumana ngocingo, ezinciphisa isidingo sokuhamba ngokomzimba.

Ngamafuphi, ezokuxhumana zinomthelela omkhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomphakathi, kusukela endleleni esixhumana ngayo kuya endleleni esisebenza ngayo, esifinyelela ngayo ulwazi kanye nokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha. Nakuba kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela umthelela wendawo futhi kubhekwane nezinselele ezivelayo mayelana nokufinyelela okulinganayo. Sekukonke, ezokuxhumana ziye zathuthukisa izinga lethu lempilo futhi ziyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile emphakathini wethu okhulayo oxhumene.

Isiphetho: Ezokuxhumana: Ziyini futhi yimiphi imisebenzi yazo?

Kulolu hambo lokudabula endaweni yonke ethokozisayo yezokuxhumana, sifunde ukuthi ukubaluleka kwakho kudlula incazelo yayo nje. Ezokuxhumana seziwumgogodla womphakathi wethu, okusivumela ukuthi sixhumane ngaso leso sikhathi kungakhathalekile ukuthi ikude kangakanani, sifinyelele ekugelezeni okungenamkhawulo kolwazi futhi senze imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke ngokuphumelelayo.

Kodwa-ke, kumelwe futhi siqaphele izinselele eziphathelene nokufinyelela okulinganayo, ubumfihlo, kanye nomthelela wemvelo. Ekugcineni, ezokuxhumana zisiphonsela inselelo yokuzisebenzisa ngendlela efanele, sisebenzise izinzuzo zazo ngenkathi sinciphisa imiphumela yazo emibi engaba khona. Njengomphakathi, sihlala sishintsha, futhi ezokuxhumana zizoqhubeka nokuhola indlela eya ekusaseni elixhumene kakhulu nelithembisayo.