- I-kernel isebenza njengengqimba ebalulekile yomlamuleli exhumanisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwehadiwe ebonakalayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe.
- Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwe-monolithic kuvumela ukuphathwa kahle kwezinqubo, inkumbulo, namadivayisi, yize isekela amamojula angaphandle ukuze kube nokuguquguquka okwengeziwe.
- Ukuphathwa kwe-kernel kubalulekile ezindaweni zeseva ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ngokulungisa amapharamitha athile.
Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela uma uchofoza isithonjana noma usebenzisa umyalo ku-terminal, impendulo emfushane ukuthi kukhona umqhubi osebenza ngokungakhathali ngemuva kwezigcawu. Le ngxenye, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Linux kernel , empeleni iyinsika yesistimu yokusebenza; leyo ngxenye eyisisekelo yesofthiwe eqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe yekhompyutha yakho nezinhlelo ozisebenzisayo ziyaxhumana ngaphandle kokudala isiphithiphithi.
Ukuze kucace, lapho abantu bethi basebenzisa "i-Linux," babhekisela ku-kernel ye-Linux uqobo, njengoba lokho esivame ukukufaka kungukusatshalaliswa okufana ne-Ubuntu, i-Debian, noma i-AlmaLinux. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kumane kuyi-kernel ye-Linux ehambisana namathuluzi amaningi, izixhumi zesithombe, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezenza uhlelo lusebenziseke kunoma ubani, kuyilapho i-kernel ngokwayo ihlala iyinhloko, iphatha izinsiza ngokungabonakali.
Isebenza kanjani kahle i-kernel?
I-kernel isebenza njengomlamuleli oqinile noma umlindi wesango. Akukho hlelo lokusebenza olunemvume yokufinyelela ngqo kwihadiwe; uma isiphequluli sifuna ukusebenzisa ikhadi lenethiwekhi noma umdlalo udinga amandla e-GPU, kumele bawacele ngokusemthethweni ku-kernel . I-kernel ihlaziya isicelo bese inquma ukuthi ubani othola ukufinyelela, ukuthi singakanani isikhathi se-CPU abasitholayo, nokuthi ingakanani i-RAM eyabelwe, okuvimbela inqubo eyodwa ekubhaleni ngaphezulu inkumbulo yomunye futhi kubangele ukuthi uhlelo luphahlazeke.
Cabanga ukuthi unezinhlelo eziyishumi ezivuliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-kernel isebenza njengomphathi, isabalalisa ama-processor turns ngesivinini esikhulu kangangokuthi kubonakala sengathi konke kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilawula isitoreji ngesendlalelo esibizwa nge-VFS (Virtual File System), esihumusha izicelo zokufunda nokubhala olimini oluthile lwe-hard drive yakho efakiwe.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko ephethwe yi-kernel
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi iwusizo kangakanani, kuyasiza ukuqonda imithwalo yemfanelo ethathwa yile software ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke komshini:
- Ukulawula inqubo: Inesibopho sokudala, ukufeza, kanye nokuvala izinqubo. Enye imininingwane exakile ukuthi inikeza ukuphathwa okukhethekile kwezinqubo ezine- I-UID 0 (umsebenzisi wempande)okubavumela ukuthi badlule imikhawulo ethile okumele abanye abasebenzisi bayilandele.
- Ukuphathwa kwememori: Nquma ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ye-RAM eya kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye nokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa isikhala sokushintshana noma nini I-SWAPLokhu kungalungiswa kusetshenziswa amapharamitha afana nalawa
vm.swappinessukunquma ukuthi uhlelo lunolaka kangakanani lapho luhambisa idatha kudiski, njengoba Indlela yokwenza ngcono i-RAM esebenza kahle. - Ukusebenzisana nehadiwe: Isebenzisa abashayeli ukuxhumana nezingxenye zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, isofthiwe ayidingi ukwazi kahle ukuthi usebenzisa luphi uhlobo lwekhadi lenethiwekhi, njengoba i-kernel inikeza isendlalelo esivamile sokungabonakali.
- Ukuphepha nezimvume: Ihlala iqapha ukuthi ubani onokufinyelela kuliphi ifayela, isebenzisa uhlu olujwayelekile lobunikazi bezinhlelo ze-Unix.
Impikiswano ngomklamo we-monolithic
Kuthiwa i-kernel ye-Linux iyi- monolithic , futhi lokhu akusho ukuthi iqinile, kodwa kunalokho ihlanganisa inkumbulo, inqubo, kanye nokuphathwa kwamafayela kubhulokhi elilodwa elisebenza eduze kakhulu nehadiwe. Inzuzo enkulu yalo mklamo ukusebenza okuluhlaza , njengoba ingachithi isikhathi igxuma phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene ukuze yenze umsebenzi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kugwenywe ukuba uhlelo oluqinile, i-Linux isebenzisa amamojula e-kernel . Lawa afana nezengezo ezingalayishwa futhi zilayishwe. Ngakho-ke, uma uxhuma idivayisi entsha, uhlelo lungalayisha umshayeli odingekayo ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke uqale kabusha ikhompyutha noma ukuhlanganisa kabusha yonke i-kernel kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukugcinwa, izinguqulo kanye nokwenza ngcono
Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ye-kernel oyisebenzisayo kuyinto elula. Kufanele nje uthayiphe uname -r kukhonsoli ukuze ubone inguqulo eqondile, noma uname -a uma ufuna iphakethe lolwazi eliphelelekufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwesistimu. Izinguqulo ngokuvamile zilandela uhlelo lwezinombolo ezine lapho inombolo yesithathu ikhombisa isici esisha kanti eyokugcina ivame ukubhekisela kuyo ukulungiswa kwamaphutha noma izimbungulu.
Uma sikhuluma ngamaseva, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamafu, i-kernel iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ku-KVM virtualization, isibonelo, iseva ngayinye ye-VPS ine -kernel yayo ezimele , eqinisekisa ukuthi uma omunye umshini ku-node wehluleka, owakho uhlala ungathinteki nokuthi ungabuyekeza i-kernel ngendlela ofisa ngayo ngaphandle kokuthinta omunye umuntu.
Kulabo abafuna ukusebenza okuphezulu, kukhona ukulungiswa kwe-kernel . Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ngcono i-kernel ye-Linux nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka ngokushintsha ngobuhlakani ukucushwa kwezinhlelo ezincane njengenethiwekhi noma uhlelo lwamafayela ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisingatha inani elikhulu ledatha, njengalezo ezitholakala ekuhwebeni kwezezimali noma kumanethiwekhi omphakathi anezinga eliphezulu lemali, ngokulungisa amapharamitha afana ne- VFS cache pressure.
Ukufakwa nokuvuselelwa kwe-Kernel
Nakuba iningi lethu lisebenzisa umphathi wephakheji we-distro yethu (njengo apt ku-Ubuntu noma dnf (ku-RHEL), kungenzeka ukulanda ikhodi yomthombo kusuka ku- kernel.orgHlanganisa bese uyifaka ngesandla. Lokhu kuvamile phakathi kwabasebenzisi abathuthukile abadinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile kakhulu.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi i-kernel yiyona kuphela ingxenye yesistimu engenakushintshwa . Ngisho noma ufaka isibuyekezo namuhla, isistimu izoqhubeka nokusebenzisa inguqulo endala uze uqale kabusha umshini, lapho i-boot loader izolayisha ifayela elisha le- boot.
Ekugcineni, le ngxenye iwumsebenzi wobuciko oqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe nesofthiwe kuhambisana ngokuvumelana, kuphatha konke kusukela ku-RAM kuya ezimvumeni zezimpande, nokuvumela uhlelo ukuthi lusebenze kahle ngenxa yokwakheka kwalo kwe-modular monolithic kanye nekhono lokulungiswa kwemisebenzi esebenza kahle kakhulu.
