- Imoto ezimele esebenza njengetekisi engenamshayeli, esebenzisa i-AI, amakhamera, i-radar kanye ne-LIDAR ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba nokuthutha abagibeli.
- Zinciphisa izindleko kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi; zandisa ukuphepha emgwaqweni ngokuqeda amaphutha abantu; zithuthukisa ithrafikhi ngokuhlela nokuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto.
- Ukuthunyelwa okulinganiselwe ngenxa yemithethonqubo, izindleko eziphakeme, ukwamukelwa komphakathi, kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ubuchwepheshe obusadlula.
Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezokuhamba kudale isigaba esisha sezimoto esiguqula umqondo wezokuthutha zasemadolobheni: i-robotaxis. Cishe uke wezwa ngazo, kodwa ziyini ngempela futhi zingayiguqula kanjani indlela esizungeza ngayo esikhathini esizayo?
Idizayinelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, i i-robotaxis Ahlanganisa okwakamuva kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, izinzwa ezithuthukile namasistimu okuzulazula ukuze anikeze isevisi yezokuthutha ezizimele nephumelelayo. Nakuba sisesigabeni sokuqala salobu buchwepheshe, amandla abo okushintsha ukuhamba kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nezokuthutha umphakathi awanakuphikwa.
Iyini irobhothi?
Un irobhothi Kuyimoto ezimele edalelwe ukwenza imisebenzi yetekisi, kodwa iqeda isidingo somshayeli ongumuntu. Lezi zimoto zenzelwe ukuthwala abagibeli zibayise ezindaweni eziya kuzo ngokuphepha besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile wokuzenzakalelayo.
Sibonga isethi yamasistimu asekelwe ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo, amakhamera, ama-radar nezinzwa ezifana ne-LIDAR, i-robotaxis ingakwazi "ukubona" futhi ihlaziye indawo ezungezile ngesikhathi sangempela, ibavumele ukuthi benze izinqumo futhi bazulazule ngokuphumelelayo emigwaqweni yedolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa amamephu encazelo ephezulu kanye ne-GPS ukulungisa imizila yabo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene zethrafikhi.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-robotaxis
Lezi zimoto ezintsha zifaka uchungechunge lwe izici lokho kubenza bahluke:
- Amazinga okushayela okuzenzakalelayo: Ngokusho kwe-Society of Automotive Engineers, kunamazinga amahlanu okuzimela. Amarobhothi anamuhla ngokuvamile asebenza kuLeveli 4, okusho ukuthi azenzakalela kakhulu futhi angasebenza ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu ezimweni eziningi.
- Ezokuphepha: Izinhlelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezakhelwe ku-robotaxis zifaka phakathi ukuncishiswa kwezinzwa kanye nama-algorithms wokuthatha izinqumo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugibela okuphephile, ngisho nasezimeni ezingalindelekile.
- Ukuhamba okuqhubekayo: Amarobhothi amaningi asebenza ngogesi, esiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi angcolisayo futhi enze le ndlela yokuthutha ihambisane nemvelo.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-robotaxis
I-Robotaxis inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kokubili kubasebenzisi namadolobha:
Ukufinyeleleka ngokomnotho: Izindleko zezinsizakalo zokuthutha zingancishiswa kakhulu ngokuqeda isici somuntu. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nentando yeningi ezokuthutha ezizimele, kwenze kube lula ukuthi umphakathi uthengeke.
Ukuphepha emgwaqeni okukhulu: Ngokususa iphutha lomuntu, okuyilona elibangela izingozi eziningi zomgwaqo, i-robotaxis ithembisa indawo ephephile kubo bobabili abagibeli nabahamba ngezinyawo nabanye abashayeli.
Ukuthuthukisa ithrafikhi: Ngenxa yekhono labo lokuhlela imizila nokuxhumana nezinye izimoto, i-robotaxis ingaba negalelo ekwenzeni ithrafikhi ebushelelezi futhi esebenza kahle kakhudlwana, inciphise isiminyaminya emadolobheni.
Izinselele kanye nezithiyo ze-robotaxis
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zabo, i-robotaxis ibhekana nezinselelo ezibalulekile ezithiya ukuthunyelwa kwayo ngobuningi:
Imithethonqubo: Imithethonqubo iyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe ngisho naphakathi kwezifunda. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthunyelwa kwe-robotaxis, njengoba kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha nezitifiketi.
Ubuchwepheshe buyathuthukiswa: Nakuba ukushayela ukuzimela sekwenze intuthuko enkulu, kusenezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengesimo sezulu esingesihle noma isiminyaminya esinesiphithiphithi, ezingasingathwa ngendlela efanele.
Ukwamukelwa esidlangalaleni: Abantu abaningi basaxwaya ubuchwepheshe obuzimele, obungaba isithiyo ekuthathweni kwenqwaba yamarobhothi.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali: Izindleko zokuqala zokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ziphezulu, ezikhawulela ukufinyelela kwayo kwinani elincane lezinkampani ezinezinsiza ezinkulu.
Izinkampani ezihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwe-robotaxis
Izinkampani eziningi zihamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni i-robotaxis:
- Waymo: Inkampani ephethwe ngama-alfabhethi esevele isebenzisa i-robotaxis emadolobheni afana ne-San Francisco ne-Phoenix.
- Tesla: Ngemodeli yayo ye-Cybercab, ithembisa ukuguqula imakethe ngezimoto ezizimele ezingenaso isiteringi noma ama-pedals azosebenzisa ukushaja okuguquguqukayo.
- I-Baidu: Inkampani yaseShayina ithuthukise i-RT6, irobhothi elinezinga eliphezulu lokuzimela.
I-Los i-robotaxis Bamele enye yezinto ezintsha ezithakazelisa kakhulu emkhakheni wokuhamba emadolobheni. Nakuba kusenezinselelo eziningi okufanele zinqotshwe, intuthuko yabo ithuthuka ngokushesha, futhi eminyakeni ezayo singababona beyiguqula kakhulu indlela esihamba ngayo emadolobheni nangale kwayo. Inhlanganisela yokusimama, ukusebenza kahle kanye nentuthuko kwezobuhlakani bokwenziwa kwembula ikusasa elithembisayo lalobu buchwepheshe.
