- I-Supercomputing iqhuba yonke into kusukela ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu kuya kwezokwelapha ezenzelwe wena, kanye nezikhungo ezifana ne-BSC kanye ne-MareNostrum 5 ezihamba phambili.
- Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-supercomputing kuyaphakelana, kuyilapho amapulatifomu afana ne-AMD ROCm 7 ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-AI.
- IYurophu namazwe afana neMexico ancintisana ngesikhundla sawo samasu kuma-chips, ingqalasizinda ye-HPC, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono akhethekile.
- Ukwanda kwe-extreme computing kuphakamisa izinselele zamandla, zokuziphatha, kanye namandla ezihlobene nokulawulwa kwedatha kanye nezinsizakusebenza ze-computing.
I-Supercomputing isibe injini enkulu, ethule eqhuba yonke into kusukela ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa kanye nokubikezela isimo sezulu kuya kwezokwelapha ezenzelwe wena kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezintsha. Ngemuva kwayo yonke intuthuko yesayensi yanamuhla, kuvame ukuba nesikhungo esikhulu sekhompyutha, "ubuchopho" obakhiwe yizigidi zamaprosesa asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ikhompyutha evamile engathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuzixazulula.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izingxoxo kanye nemibiko yezindaba mayelana nama-supercomputer, i-AI, kanye ne-quantum computing kunikeze umbono nge-ecosystem lapho ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, ithalente lesayensi, inqubomgomo yezimboni, kanye nezingxoxo zokuziphatha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuhlangana khona. Kusukela e-Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) kanye ne-MareNostrum 5 yayo kuya kumaphrojekthi amasha eMexico kanye nomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa i-quantum processor, indawo iyathandeka njengoba iyinkimbinkimbi.
Iyini ngempela isikhungo se-supercomputing?
Isikhungo se-supercomputing, okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, yilabhorethri yesayensi enamathuluzi ayo ayinhloko angewona ama-microscope noma ama-particle accelerator, kodwa ama-supercomputer asebenza kahle kakhulu. Njengoba uMateo Valero, umsunguli nomqondisi we-Barcelona Supercomputing Center, echaza, lezi zikhungo zisebenzisa imishini ekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngomzuzwana ukuze ilingise izenzakalo ezingachazwa kuphela ngezibalo ezithuthukisiwe kanye ne-physics.
Isihluthulelo sisengqondweni "yewele ledijithali" : ikhophi ebonakalayo yento esifuna ukuyiqonda noma ukuyiklama okokuqala. Nge-supercomputer, kungenzeka ukwenza imodeli yokugoqwa kwamaprotheni okungakaze kukhiqizwe yimvelo, ukubikezela ukuziphatha komkhathi ngemininingwane eminingi, noma ukuhlola ukuthi into entsha izoziphatha kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ngaphandle kokukhiqiza isampula eyodwa ebonakalayo.
Phakathi kwezibonelo ezivame ukucashunwa yiValero ukubikezela isimo sezulu okunesinqumo esiphezulu , izimo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukusesha izinto ezintsha zamandla aluhlaza, kanye nemithi eyenzelwe wena ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okukhulu kwedatha ye-genomic. Konke lokhu kuncike ekhonweni lokwenza ukulingisa kokulinga namaphutha ngesivinini esibonakala singakholeki, uma siqhathaniswa neselula.
Le mishini iphinde isebenze njengezinto zokusheshisa ubunjiniyela kanye nezimboni . E-BSC, isibonelo, kwaklanywa isofthiwe ye-Repsol eyayibonisa ukuthi kufanele kubholwe kuphi ezindaweni ezinonya njengeGulf of Mexico. Umsebenzi ngamunye wokubhoboza ubiza cishe izigidi eziyikhulu zamaRandi, futhi ngenxa yokulingisa, izinga lempumelelo lasuka emizamweni eyodwa kweziyishumi laya kweyodwa kweziyisikhombisa, okwaholela ekongeni izindleko kanye nokunciphisa ingozi.
I-MareNostrum 5 kanye nendima ye-Barcelona Supercomputing Center
Itholakala eBarcelona, i-MareNostrum 5 ingenye yama-supercomputer ashesha kakhulu emhlabeni futhi iyinkampani ehamba phambili ye-BSC. Iqukethe izigidi zama-processor anamandla aphezulu axhumana ngamanethiwekhi e-latency aphansi kakhulu futhi inezinkumbulo ezihambisana nomthamo omkhulu, okwenza ikwazi ukusebenzisa amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu anezinga elimangalisayo lemininingwane.
I-Valero ivame ukusebenzisa ukuqhathanisa okumangalisayo: i-supercomputer yesimanje ingaba ngesivinini esiphindwe kasigidi kuneselula . Endabeni ye-MareNostrum 5, izingxenye zayo ezahlukahlukene zengeza amakhulu ama-petaflops: sikhuluma ngekhono lokwenza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zemisebenzi ye-floating-point ngomzuzwana. Ukuze sikunike umbono, lezi zinsiza zivumela ukulingiswa koMhlaba wonke—ulwandle, umoya, amazwekazi, kanye nezinsika—ngesinqumo sendawo esingaba yikhilomitha elilodwa.
I-MareNostrum 5 empeleni iyiqoqo lama-supercomputer amaningana akhethekile . Lapho ivulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoDisemba 2023, enye yezingxenye zayo yabekwa endaweni yesi-8 ohlwini lomhlaba oluphezulu lwama-500, kanye nenye endaweni ye-19. Enye yalezi zingxenye yalungiselelwa ukuqeqesha nokusebenzisa amamodeli amakhulu obuhlakani bokwenziwa, okwenza kube enye yamapulatifomu amahle kakhulu emhlabeni alolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Kodwa ukuziqhenya kukaValero akugcini nje emshinini. Njengoba egcizelela, ingcebo yangempela ye-BSC ngabantu bayo . Lesi sikhungo sikhule sisuka kubantu abangu-20 ekuqaleni kwaso saya cishe ku-1.400, cishe abangu-1.200 kubo bangabacwaningi. Sihlanganisa ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni yezemfundo ehlukene engu-32 kanye namazwe angaphezu kuka-60, okwenza i-BSC ibe uhlobo lweZizwe Ezihlangene zesayensi yamakhompyutha. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwenza kube lula ukubhekana nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivela emibonweni ehlukene kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nokufinyelela, i-MareNostrum iyisisetshenziswa somphakathi esivulekele umphakathi wesayensi . I-supercomputer iphethwe nguHulumeni waseSpain, uHulumeni waseCatalonia, kanye ne-Polytechnic University yaseCatalonia. Abacwaningi baseSpain nabaseYurophu bangacela isikhathi sokubala samaphrojekthi abo, uma nje bephumelela inqubo yokuhlola. Abasebenzi be-BSC ngokwabo basebenzisa cishe u-20% wamandla; u-80% osele wabelwa phakathi kwamanye amaqembu esayensi.
Ubuhlakani be-Supercomputing kanye nobokwenziwa: ubudlelwano bokubambisana
Ukuqhuma kobuhlakani bokwenziwa besimanje kuhlobene kakhulu ne-supercomputing . UValero ukufingqa ngokusobala: kwakuyi-dataset enkulu kanye namandla amakhulu e-computing akhiphe i-AI "ebusika bayo be-polar." Ngaphandle kwemishini ekwazi ukucubungula izigidigidi zamapharamitha kanye ne-dataset enkulu—noma ngaphandle kokwazi ukuguqula i-PC yakho ibe yilebhu ye-AI —intuthuko efana namamodeli amakhulu olimi noma izinhlelo zokuqaphela izithombe ngabe beyingenakwenzeka.
Isibonelo esiyinhloko ukugoqwa kwamaprotheni , inkinga ewubuwula ngokwezibalo okwase kungamashumi eminyaka ibhekwa njengengenakunqotshwa ngisho nangama-supercomputer. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-algorithms e-AI kanye nengqalasizinda enkulu yekhompyutha kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuyixazulula ngempumelelo kangangokuthi ekugcineni yaqashelwa ngeNobel Prize in Chemistry, yashintsha unomphela indlela izidakamizwa eziklanywe ngayo kanye ne-molecule biology eqondwa ngayo.
Namuhla, ubudlelwano bushintshe kancane: I-AI isiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni isayensi ngama-supercomputer . E-BSC, amasu okufunda komshini asetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukulingisa, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokubala, nokukhipha amaphethini kumasethi edatha angenakwenzeka ukuthi ahlolwe ngumuntu. Ngamazwi kaValero, akusacaci ukuthi uqondisa isikhungo se-supercomputing noma isikhungo sobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ngoba zombili lezi zindawo sezihlangene ngokuphelele.
Kodwa-ke, uValero akanqikazi ukunciphisa intshiseko ezungeze i-AI yokukhiqiza. Uveza ukuthi amamodeli afana ne-ChatGPT anqunyelwe ekubikezeleni igama elilandelayo ngokusekelwe kumaphethini ezibalo athathwe embhalweni omningi. Ayizinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa azinawo ulwazi kanye nokuqonda okuvamile, amakhono amabili abantu awabheka njengokunzima kakhulu ukuwakopisha emshinini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ubona isimo sokuvukela komshini njenge-HAL 9000 njengento engenakwenzeka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ze-AI yanamuhla kubonisa izinga okuxhunyaniswe ngalo i-supercomputing kanye namandla . UValero ucaphuna isibonelo se-OpenAI, esiphakamise ukwakha isikhungo sedatha esinama-GPU e-NVIDIA angaba yisigidi. Ingxenye yokusheshisa ye-MareNostrum 5 iyodwa inama-GPU angaba ngu-4.500; ngakho-ke ubukhulu balokho okulindelwe ukuqeqesha amamodeli esikhathi esizayo bukhulu kakhulu, ngezidingo zamandla ezibalwe cishe kuma-gigawatts ayi-10, cishe okulingana nomkhiqizo wezitshalo zamandla enuzi eziyishumi.
I-AMD ROCm 7 kanye nomjaho wokusebenza we-AI
Eceleni kwezikhungo ezinkulu ze-supercomputing, abakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zehadiwe nezesofthiwe balwa impi yabo. I-AMD isanda kwethula i-ROCm 7, inguqulo yesikhombisa enkulu ye-Radeon Open Compute ecosystem yayo , ipulatifomu evulekile eqondiswe ezinhlelweni ze-high-performance computing (HPC) kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi yobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuma-GPU enkampani kanye namakhadi okusheshisa.
I-ROCm7 ithembisa ukusebenza okuphindwe ka-3,5 emisebenzini ye-AI uma kuqhathaniswa nezizukulwane zangaphambilini, okubalulekile ekuncintisaneni ne-NVIDIA emakethe lapho ukuqeqesha amamodeli amakhulu kuye kwaba yinto evamile. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokusebenza akusho nje ukuqeqeshwa okusheshayo kodwa futhi nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okukhulu ngokusebenza ngakunye, isici esibalulekile lapho kubhekwene nokufakwa okusebenzisa ugesi omningi.
Ifilosofi evulekile ye-ROCm ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zomphakathi ze-supercomputing njenge-BSC noma ezinye izikhungo zikazwelonke, lapho ukusebenzisana kanye nokungabikho kwezithiyo zobuchwepheshe kubhekwa khona kakhulu. Ukuba ne-software stack evulekile kwenza kube lula ukuzivumelanisa nekhodi yesayensi, ukwenza ngcono ama-kernel athile, nokuhlanganisa ihadiwe ehlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuthembela ngokuphelele ezixazululweni ezizimele.
Esimweni saseYurophu, lapho kudingeka khona ubukhosi obukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe , intuthuko efana ne-ROCm7 ihambisana nesidingo sokuhlukanisa abahlinzeki be-GPU nokukhuthaza izinhlelo zemvelo zesofthiwe ezivumela izikhungo ze-HPC ukuthi zilungise ingqalasizinda yazo ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zangempela zamaphrojekthi azo ocwaningo.
IYurophu, ama-chips kanye nengozi yokuba yi-VAR kuphela
Enye yezinto uMateo Valero azikhathalelayo isikhundla seYurophu emjahweni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-supercomputing . Usebenzisa isifaniso sebhola esimangalisayo: wesaba ukuthi izwekazi lizogcina seliyi-VAR, uhlelo lomsizi wabameli bevidiyo, lomdlalo lapho kungekho badlali enkundleni. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi iYurophu izogcina isungule imithetho nemigomo, kodwa ingenabo ompetha bayo bezobuchwepheshe bokuncintisana ubuso nobuso ne-United States noma i-Asia.
Inkinga ibonakala ngokucacile emkhakheni wama -chip asebenza kahle kakhulu . Uma sihlola ama-supercomputer aseYurophu ahamba phambili, cishe awekho asebenzisa ama-processor noma ama-GPU aklanywe futhi akhiqizwa eYurophu. IYurophu ayincikile ekukhiqizeni kuphela kodwa ngisho nasekuklanyweni kwama-chip, okubeka engcupheni amaphrojekthi esikhathi eside njengezimoto ezizimele noma ingqalasizinda ebalulekile ye-AI uma ukunikezwa kuphazamiseka.
UValero ubelokhu egcizelela iminyaka eminingi ngesidingo sephrojekthi enkulu ye-semiconductor yaseYurophu , efana naleyo i-Airbus eyayiyiyo kwezindiza, i-Galileo ekuzulazuleni kwesathelayithi, noma i-CERN kwefiziksi yezinhlayiya. Lokhu kuzodinga umzamo ohlangene, nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu komphakathi kanye nokuzibophezela ekuthengeni ama-chip okuqala, noma ngabe ukusebenza kwawo kuphansi kunokwabakhiqizi baseMelika noma base-Asia. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukholelwa ukuthi iYurophu izohlala "incike kuma-chip."
Ukuhlukana kwezepolitiki nakho akusizi. Ngokusho kwakhe, iYurophu isalokhu iyiqoqo lamazwe abheke ngaphakathi kakhulu , anezintshisekelo zezwe ezivame ukungqubuzana. Lokhu kuntuleka kombono ohlanganyelwe kwenza kube nzima ukuqala izinhlelo zesilinganiso esidingekayo, kokubili kuhadiwe kanye nesofthiwe. Noma kunjalo, uyavuma ukuthi kunezinhlelo ezibalulekile eziqhubekayo nokuthi kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuhlola, isibonelo yi-BSC uqobo, ekhuthaze imizamo yokuklama amaprosesa eSpain.
Imiphumela yezomnotho icacile: inani elengeziwe legremu elilodwa le-silicon ngesimo se-chip lingafinyelela ku-€50.000, okwenza isentimitha ngayinye yesikwele se-wafer ibe yigugu kakhulu. Noma ngubani olawula lolu chungechunge lwenani ngeke agcine nje ngokubusa izimakethe zobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi uzoba nethonya elikhulu kwezepolitiki.
IMexico, iCoatlicue kanye nokubheja kwi-supercomputer kazwelonke
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, amanye amazwe nawo athatha izinyathelo zokugwema ukusala ngemuva. EMexico, ukwakhiwa kweCoatlicue , ikhompyutha enkulu eyenzelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zomphakathi ezinkulu nokuqeqesha ithalente lendawo ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa kanye nokubala okuthuthukile, kuyaqhubeka. Engxoxweni, umholi wephrojekthi—owaziwa ngokuthi yi-JLPH—uchaza ukuthi umgomo kwakungewona “ukuba nomshini omkhulu kunayo yonke eLatin America,” kodwa kunalokho ukuthola amandla okucubungula adingekayo ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele zamanje zezwe.
Njengoba inamandla okusebenzisa ikhompyutha angaba ngu-314 , i-Coatlicue izoba phakathi kwama-supercomputer angamashumi amabili anamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokusho kwezilinganiso zokuqala ezivela eqenjini. La mandla aqinisekiswa yisidingo sokuhlaziya idatha enkulu ehlobene nezinselele zikazwelonke emikhakheni efana nokunakekelwa kwempilo, imfundo, ukuphepha, kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi.
Enye yezinkinga ezivamile ezibhekene neMexico ukuntuleka kwethalente elikhethekile ku-AI kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe . Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-77% ezinkampani emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe zinobunzima bokuthola ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokwanele. Kulesi simo, i-Public Center for Training in Artificial Intelligence kanye ne-Coatlicue ngokwayo zibhekwa njengembewu yokukhiqiza isizukulwane esisha sochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngaphakathi ezweni.
Ngokombono wokuzinza kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila, uhlelo lwe-Coatlicue luhilela ukushintsha ama-GPU ayo cishe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu . Ithimba lephrojekthi lifuna ukusungula umhlahlandlela ocacile wokuphathwa kwesikhathi esizayo, yize ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kuzoncika ezinqumweni zezepolitiki. Baphinde bagcizelele ukuthi inani langempela lomshini alikho ekuthengweni kwehadiwe, kodwa ezinkingeni ozoxazulula kanye nokudluliselwa kolwazi ezifundweni zemfundo ephakeme, ocwaningweni, kanye nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha.
I-JLPH iphinde ithathe ukuma nge -quantum computing , indawo esakazwa kakhulu lapho ikholelwa khona ukuthi kusenesikhathi esanele sokusetshenziswa kwezimboni eziningi. Nakuba ivuma amandla ayo amakhulu—ikakhulukazi ekubhalweni kwe-cryptography nezinkinga ezithile ezithile—ikholelwa ukuthi, ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele zomphakathi zamanje zaseMexico, okubaluleke kakhulu kusalokhu kuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda eqinile ye-supercomputing yakudala kanye nokuthuthukisa abantu abazungezile.
I-Quantum computing: izilinganiso, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe
Nakuba ama-supercomputer akudala ephumelela kakhulu kuma-petaflops amaningi, i-quantum computing ithuthuka ngokuhambisana nefilosofi ehlukile yokubala , esekelwe kuma-qubits kanye ne-superposition esikhundleni sama-binary bits. Nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi besabheka lobu buchwepheshe njengohlobo "lobusika be-polar," kwenziwa intuthuko emangalisayo, ikakhulukazi endleleni yokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukuziphatha kwamadivayisi, kanye nasemizamweni ehlobene ne- quantum internet.
Isibonelo samuva nje umsebenzi kaDavid Aguirre, umfundi we-PhD kwi-Quantum Computing eBasque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) , owanikezwa umklomelo weTalentQ wethisisi ye-master's best. Ucwaningo lwakhe lugxile ekwakheni i-metric entsha yokuqinisekisa yama-processor e-quantum akwazi ukugcina izindleko zokubala eziqhubekayo zokuhlola, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usayizi wedivayisi ungakanani.
Le ndlela ibalulekile ngoba ukuqinisekisa iprosesa ye-quantum kuba nzima kakhulu njengoba inani lama-qubit likhula. Amasu okuchaza akudala agcina engasebenzi kumadivayisi amakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuba nezilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingakhuli ngokwesilinganiso sesistimu kuvula umnyango wokuhlolwa okuvamile nokuphelele.
Umsebenzi ka-Aguirre uhambisana nokukhathazeka okuvamile emphakathini: akwanele ukwakha ihadiwe ye-quantum; kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isebenza njengoba kulindelekile . Emazweni afana neSpain, ukubalwa kwe-quantum kubhekwa njengensimu yocwaningo oluyisu, kunokuba kube ubuchwepheshe obulungele ukuthatha indawo yama-supercomputer ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile. Cishe, njengoba ikhula, izoba yisithasiselo esikhethekile sezinkinga ezithile, kuyilapho ukubalwa kwe-supercomputing yakudala kuzohlala kuyinselele yemisebenzi eminingi.
UValero uhlanganyela lo mbono. Uveza ukuthi izinto ezintsha kanye nezingxenye ze-transistors zakudala ziyahlolwa , kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zokubala okungeyona eye-binary njenge-quantum computing. Ubona kunengqondo ukuthi, njengoba nje kwenzekile ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kuzofika isikhathi lapho ubuchwepheshe be-quantum "buqhuma" futhi busuke elabhorethri buye ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi. Kodwa noma kunjalo, buzohlala bulinganiselwe ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinkinga lapho bunikeza khona inzuzo yangempela.
Amanethiwekhi kazwelonke, izindawo zesifunda kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-BSC kukhombisile ukuthi ukuba ne-supercomputer enkulu ephakathi akwanele . Kubalulekile ukwakha amanethiwekhi kazwelonke axhumanisa ama-node esifunda ahlukene futhi avumele ukwabelana ngezinsizakusebenza, ulwazi, kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu. ESpain, i-Spanish Supercomputing Network yasungulwa ngqo ngale nhloso ngo-2006, iqhutshwa kakhulu yiBarcelona.
Ngaphakathi kwale nethiwekhi, imiphakathi eyahlukene ezimele ibilokhu isebenzisa izikhungo zayo , ezixhunywe ngengqalasizinda yezemfundo esheshayo, njengenethiwekhi ye-CIRIS. Lawa ma-node asondeza i-supercomputing eduze kwamanyuvesi namaqembu ocwaningo endawo, anciphisa izithiyo zokungena, futhi akhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kwemiphakathi eyahlukene yesayensi.
UValero ukhuthaza ikakhulukazi izifunda ezifana neziQhingi zaseBalearic ukuthi zijoyine ngokugcwele le nethiwekhi futhi zakhe amaqembu azo ocwaningo aqinile . Iseluleko sakhe sicacile: ukuthenga ikhompyutha kulula; ukuyisebenzisa kahle kunzima. Inhloso yokuqala yanoma yisiphi isikhungo esisha kufanele kube ukuqeqesha abafundi nabacwaningi, ngoba lapho abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani kahle le mishini, kulapho umthelela wokutshalwa kwezimali uba mkhulu khona.
I-Supercomputing ayizuzisi nje onjiniyela noma izazi zefiziksi kuphela. Njengoba i-BSC ngokwayo isho, amasimu amasha njengesayensi yezenhlalo yokubala ayathuthukiswa , lapho kusetshenziswa khona amasu okulingisa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu ukutadisha ithonya lamanethiwekhi omphakathi ekhwalithini yentando yeningi, phakathi kwezinye izihloko. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafundi bezifundo ezifana nezenhlalo, ezomnotho, noma isayensi yezepolitiki nabo bangaba abasebenzisi abajulile bezinsizakusebenza ze-HPC.
Okwamanje, izikhungo ezifana ne-COMPUTAEX e-Extremadura zinikela ingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wazo ekusabalaliseni nasekusondezeni ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha obusezingeni eliphezulu emphakathini , ekushicileleni izingxoxo, ekuhleleni izingqungquthela, nasekuqiniseni amabhuloho phakathi kwezemfundo ephakeme, uhulumeni, namabhizinisi. Umgomo uwukuba umphakathi uqonde kangcono izinzuzo zokutshala imali kulolu hlobo lwengqalasizinda kanye nenzuzo eyitholayo maqondana nokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nomsebenzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, amanzi kanye nokusimama kwe-supercomputing
Njengoba amandla ama-supercomputer ekhula, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwamandla kanye nomthelela emithonjeni yemvelo kuyakhula . Isikhungo sedatha esisezingeni eliphezulu singadinga amakhulu ama-megawatt kagesi kanye nenani elikhulu lamanzi ukuze kuphole. Lokhu kuyindaba ebuhlungu kakhulu kokubili kubasebenzi bezikhungo ze-HPC kanye neziphathimandla eziziphethe.
UValero uveza ukuthi amasekethe ashisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokucubungula , okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokupholisa uketshezi. Ezindaweni ezintula amanzi, njengezingxenye ze-Aragon, lokhu kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezikhungo ezinkulu zedatha. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi ezinye izindlela eziphawulekayo njengokufaka izikhungo zedatha esikhaleni noma ngaphansi kwamanzi sezivele zihlolwa, lapho ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kungaphathwa kahle khona.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa i-supercomputing nakho kuyingxenye yesisombululo senkinga yamandla . Amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenza ngemishini efana ne-MareNostrum 5 agxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukwenza ngcono amagridi kagesi, noma ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa i-nuclear njenge-ITER. Uma ukuhlanganisa kuba yinto ephumelelayo kwezentengiselwano, ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke kungashintsha kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bakhuthaza indlela elinganiselayo: ukuvuma ukuthi i-supercomputing kanye ne-AI kudinga amandla amaningi , kodwa futhi nokuqaphela njengamathuluzi abalulekile okuthola imithombo yamandla ehlanzekile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside. Isihluthulelo kuzoba ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-chip, ukwenza ngcono isofthiwe ukuze kuncishiswe izibalo ezingadingekile, kanye nokuthola izikhungo zedatha lapho amandla avuselelekayo namanzi kutholakala khona kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ezakhiweni ezintsha kanye nezinto zokwakha ama-transistors , njenge-gallium arsenide kanye nezinye izinto ezinganikeza ukusebenza okungcono nge-watt kune-silicon yendabuko. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe busekude kakhulu ukuba busabalale, bukhomba esikhathini esizayo lapho ukukhula kwamandla okusebenzisa amakhompyutha kungadingeki kuhambisane nokwanda okungenakuqhathaniswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Idatha, amandla kanye nezingozi zomphakathi wezobuchwepheshe
Ngaphandle kwezici zobuchwepheshe, i-supercomputing kanye ne-AI kuphakamisa imibuzo engakhululekile mayelana namandla, ubumfihlo, kanye nokulawulwa komphakathi . I-Valero igxeka kakhulu indlela izinkampani ezimbalwa ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezikwazile ngayo ukuqoqa idatha yomuntu siqu kanye namandla ekhompyutha, kwaze kwaba yilapho zikwazi ukuthonya izinqumo nemibono yezigidi zabantu.
Kokunye kokucabanga kwakhe okunamandla kakhulu, uthi “izingane ezinhlanu eziyiziwula” zibusa umhlaba , ebhekisela kubaphathi abambalwa ezinkampanini ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Ngokusho kwakhe, sizivumele ukuba siyengwe ukulula nokuzijabulisa, ikakhulukazi sidela inkululeko yethu. Ugxeka, isibonelo, labo abenqaba ukwabelana ngemininingwane yabo ukusiza ekulweni ne-COVID-19, kodwa bamukela kalula izinkontileka ezingapheli zezinsizakalo zedijithali ezinikela impilo yabo yonke ezisekelweni.
Ingozi ayikho nje kuphela ekwelulekweni ngalokho okufanele sikuthenge, kodwa futhi nasengcupheni yokuthi ukucabanga kwethu kungabunjwa yi-algorithms engacacile enquma ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe esikubonayo nokuthi yini efihliwe. Ngale ndlela, ukulawulwa kwedatha kanye namandla ekhompyutha kuba yinto ebalulekile ekusaseni lentando yeningi kanye nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
Le mpikiswano iphila kakhulu eYurophu, lapho kukhona khona ukukhuthazwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha zaseYurophu . Yingakho uValero egcizelela ukuthi izwekazi alikwazi ukuzikhawulela ekulawuleni nge-VAR, kodwa kumele futhi libe nabadlali balo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe: izinkampani, izikhungo zocwaningo, kanye nemikhiqizo ekwazi ukuncintisana emhlabeni jikelele ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni amazinga obumfihlo kanye namalungelo ayisisekelo.
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, konke lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqeqesha hhayi ochwepheshe abanamakhono kuphela, kodwa futhi nezakhamuzi ezibucayi eziqonda izindlela ze-AI, i-supercomputing, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha. Ubuchwepheshe buyinkemba enamandla esika nhlangothi zombili: bungaxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa futhi bungagxila amandla angakaze abonwe ezandleni zabambalwa kakhulu.
Isithombe esidwetshwe yizo zonke lezi zingxoxo kanye nemibiko yezindaba singenye yesimo semvelo esishintsha ngokushesha, lapho i-supercomputing, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye ne-quantum computing kuthuthuka ngesivinini esikhulu kuyilapho ohulumeni, izinkampani, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo belwela ukuhambisana nesivinini. Kusukela ku-MareNostrum 5 kanye nenethiwekhi ye-supercomputing yaseSpain kuya ku-ROCm 7, i-Coatlicue, kanye nezilinganiso ezintsha zama-processor e-quantum, konke kusikisela ukuthi i-extreme computing izoba enye yamandla achazayo akha isayensi, ezomnotho, kanye nezombusazwe emashumini eminyaka ezayo, lapho iYurophu, iLatin America, kanye nabanye abadlali bencintisana ngesikhundla enkundleni yokudlala edinga kakhulu.
