- I-Debusine inikeza izindawo zokugcina ze-APT zesitayela se-PPA, ezihlanganiswe nengqalasizinda esemthethweni ye-Debian futhi zenzelwe abathuthukisi nabanakekeli.
- Ipulatifomu yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwakhiwa, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukusayina, kanye nokuthwebula izithombe, okwenza kube lula ukuguquka okukhulu kanye nokuhlolwa.
- Ama-repository e-Debusine asesidlangalaleni, ahambisana ne-APT, futhi anqunyelwe kumaphakheji anamalayisense asebenzayo e-Debian, okunciphisa ukuthembela kwe-Ubuntu kuma-PPA angaphandle.
Uma ubulokhu uxoxa nge-Debian isikhathi eside, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise ama-repository e-PPA asekelwe ku-Ubuntu ukufaka uhlelo olwalungekho kuma-repository asemthethweni. Kungumkhuba ovamile, kodwa futhi kuyingozi kancane: ukuxuba amaphakheji aklanyelwe ukusatshalaliswa okunye kungagcina kuphule ukuncika noma kuthinte izingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu. Yilapho i-Debusine ingena khona , iphrojekthi ye-Debian enikeza uhlelo lwayo lwesimanje noluguquguqukayo lwe-repository, igcwalisa leso sikhala ngaphandle kokuthembela ku-Launchpad noma izixazululo zangaphandle.
Le pulatifomu entsha, eyasungulwa yi-Debian ngokubambisana ne-Freexian, yethulwa njengesevisi yokugcina "yesitayela se-PPA" evela ku-Debian , ehlanganiswe nemisebenzi yayo yokusebenza, ingqalasizinda, kanye namazinga ekhwalithi. Nakuba isathuthukiswa futhi ibhekwa njenge-beta, i-instance yomphakathi (debusine.debian.net) isivele itholakala kubathuthukisi nabanakekeli abasemthethweni ukuthi bayisebenzise nsuku zonke ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlola, nokushicilela amaphakheji ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Iyini iDebusine futhi ihlose ukuyixazulula?
I-Debusine iyipulatifomu yokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo okusekelwe efwini (CI) eyenzelwe ngqo i-ecosystem ye-Debian. Akuyona nje indawo yokugcina amaphakheji ngamanye, kodwa ingqalasizinda ephelele eyenzelwe ukumboza yonke impilo: kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kuya ekuhlolweni nasekusatshalalisweni kwamaphakheji nezithombe ezingafakwa ze-Debian kanye nezinto ezisuselwe kuyo.
Idokhumenti yephrojekthi ngokwayo iyichaza njengesixazululo esihlanganisiwe sokudala, ukugcina, nokusabalalisa ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian . Ngamanye amazwi, akuyona nje "i-PPA esemthethweni" elula, kodwa ihlose ukusebenza njengesisekelo sokuhlolwa okukhulu, ukuguqulwa kwamaphakheji okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nentuthuko ehlanganisiwe ethinta ingxenye ebalulekile yengobo yomlando ye-Debian.
Kuze kube manje, labo abadinga into efanayo bathembele kumathuluzi afana ne-reprepro noma i-aptly , bamise ama-repository abo e-APT, noma basebenzise ngqo ama-Ubuntu PPA, nazo zonke izingozi ezihambisana nokuxuba amalabhulali nezinguqulo ezingadalelwanga i-Debian. I-Debusine igcwalisa leso sikhala: indawo elawulwayo enemithetho ecacile kanye nokwenza okuzenzakalelayo okunamandla , ukuze abathuthukisi bakwazi ukuzama futhi abasebenzisi bokugcina babe nomthombo owengeziwe wesofthiwe ngaphandle kokushiya "izwe le-Debian."
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isevisi isathuthukiswa . I-Debian ichaza ukuthi yiziphi izici ezizofakwa kumkhiqizo wokugcina, ukuthi imingcele yayo izoba yini, nokuthi izohambisana kanjani nayo yonke ingqalasizinda yayo. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yokugcina isivele ibhekwa njengevuthiwe ngokwanele ukuthi iqalise i-beta yomphakathi, futhi lokho kumele ushintsho olukhulu endleleni labo abagcina ngayo amaphakheji okusabalalisa basebenza ngayo.
Njengamanje, isibonelo sokubhekisela yilesi esigcinwa yiFreexian ku-debusine.debian.net . Bonke abathuthukisi beDebian (ama-DD) kanye nabanakekeli beDebian (ama-DM) bangasifinyelela besebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kweSalsa, okuyi-Git forge yephrojekthi yeDebian. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanganiswa, ukuhamba komsebenzi kungokwemvelo impela: ikhodi ku-Salsa, ukuzenzekela, kanye nezindawo zokugcina kuDebusine.
Umsuka wephrojekthi kanye nendima kaFreexian
Esinye sezici ezithakazelisayo ngeDebusine ukuthi ayizange idalwe kusukela ekuqaleni, kodwa kunalokho yadalwa kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethimba eselivele lakhe ingqalasizinda eqinile kakhulu yesistimu yesofthiwe yamahhala. I-Freexian, inkampani eqhuba ukuthuthukiswa, igxile kumasevisi nokugcinwa kwe-Debian futhi ihlanganyele kumaphrojekthi abalulekile njenge -Launchpad (ipulatifomu ye-Canonical ye-Ubuntu) kanye ne- Debian package tracker.
Njengoba uFreexian ngokwakhe echazile, uDebusine waqala ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yeDebian ngokusekelwa kokuqala okuvela kuhulumeni waseJalimane nge-Sovereign Technology Agency. Umqondo kwakuwukuba neplatifomu eguquguqukayo, enwebekayo elungele ukwenza konke kube ngokuzenzakalela kusukela ekwakhiweni komuntu ngamunye kuya ekwakhiweni kwezithombe zokufaka, amadiski, izixazululo zamafu, noma izitsha, konke ngokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuphakathi okufanele.
Umgomo ojwayelekile udlula "ukusetha i-repo" yakudala: ufuna ukunciphisa ukuthembela kumathuluzi enziwe ngesandla nawahlukene , futhi unikeze umphakathi we-Debian uhlelo olufanayo lapho ukuhlolwa, ukufuduka kanye nomsebenzi ohlanganisiwe kumaphakheji amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa kulula ukuwaphatha futhi kungathambekeli kakhulu emaphutheni abantu.
Iqiniso lokuthi le phrojekthi ivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni yi-Debian liyihlukanisa namanye amaphrojekthi azimele. Le pulatifomu ayibhekwa njengesixazululo sangasese se-Freexian, kodwa njengengxenye efanelana nengqalasizinda esemthethweni yokusabalalisa futhi enamathela ngokuqinile ezinqubweni zayo, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nokulayiseniswa kwesofthiwe kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo.
I-Debusine njengenye indlela esikhundleni sama-PPA e-Ubuntu
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, abasebenzisi abaningi bebheka i-Ubuntu njengokusabalalisa "okukhululekile" , ngokwengxenye ngoba inikeza inqwaba yezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa ama-repository ayo, amaphakheji e-Snap, kanye neqoqo elikhulu lama -PPA agcinwe umphakathi. Kulabo abavela ku-Debian noma kwenye i-distro elondolozayo, umuzwa ucacile: ku-Ubuntu, kulula ukuthola iphakheji oyifunayo, noma ngabe ngezinye izikhathi kuza ngezindleko zokudela ukuzinza okuthile.
Endabeni ye-Debian, ukusebenzisa ama-PPA kube yisisombululo esivamile kodwa esiyinkinga. I-PPA yakhelwe futhi yahlolwa i-Ubuntu , kanye nemitapo yayo, izinguqulo zayo ze-libc, i-systemd, kanye nayo yonke i-ecosystem. Ukuyifaka ku-Debian kungase kusebenze… noma kungase kuphule ingxenye yesistimu uma ibuyekeziwe. Futhi uma i-PPA ithinta izingxenye ezibucayi (abashayeli, abahlanganisi, izintambo zamathuluzi, njll.), ingozi iyanda kakhulu.
Nge -Debusine Repositories , iphrojekthi ye-Debian ihlose ukunikeza indlela efana nomqondo we-PPA, kodwa eguqulelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo emhlabeni we-Debian . Okusho ukuthi, izindawo zokugcina ezengeziwe ze-APT, ezihlanganiswe namathuluzi ajwayelekile, kodwa zihlonipha izinguqulo zokusabalalisa futhi zivumela ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamaphakheji ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzisi wokugcina awafake.
Lokhu kuvula umnyango wezimo eziningana ezithakazelisayo kakhulu: izindawo zokugcina ezineziphakeji ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zethimba noma iphrojekthi ethile, izindawo zokugcina ezinokwakhiwa kwansuku zonke kwesofthiwe ekhuphukayo (isibonelo, igatsha lokuthuthukiswa kwendawo yedeskithophu), noma izindawo zokugcina ezinikezelwe ekushintsheni okuyinkimbinkimbi lapho izinguquko ezihlanganisiwe emalabhulali amaningi zidinga ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ingobo yomlando eyinhloko ye-Debian.
Ngokombono womsebenzisi, isithembiso sesikhathi esimaphakathi siyakhanga: isidingo esincane sokusebenzisa ama-PPA ezinkampani zangaphandle kanye namafomethi ajwayelekile angakhangi wonke umuntu (njenge-Snap, i-Flatpak, noma i-AppImage) ukuthola izinguqulo zakamuva zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukulawula okwengeziwe, ukuvumelana okukhulu nesistimu eyisisekelo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungcono nezinqubomgomo zokusabalalisa.
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi ebalulekile yezindawo zokugcina izinto zeDebusine
Isigaba se-Debusine repository sigxile ekuhlinzekeni ama-repository e-APT aphelele, asayiniwe, futhi alungele ukusetshenziswa , kodwa akhiwe ochungechungeni lwezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo ezenza impilo ibe lula kulabo abakha noma abagcina amaphakheji.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ukuhambisana okugcwele kwe-APT . Yonke indawo yokugcina edalwe ngaphakathi kwe-Debusine isayinwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokhiye othize, olawulwa yinsizakalo yokusayina yesikhulumi. Kumsebenzisi, lokhu kusho ukuthi angangeza indawo yokugcina ekucushweni kwakhe okuvamile (kungaba ku-/etc/apt/sources.list noma kufayela le-.sources) futhi asebenzise i-`apt update` noma i-`apt install` ngaphandle kwezinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Esinye isici esinamandla kakhulu yi- integrated snapshots . Zonke izindawo zokugcina ze-Debusine zifaka phakathi amakhono okuthwebula isimo okuzenzakalelayo ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi, uma kudingeka, ubuyele ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini zamaphakheji abanjwe. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni kwezimo noma ezimweni zokubuyela emuva, lapho kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo yayiphi iphakheji efakiwe ngesikhathi esithile.
Ipulatifomu iphinde ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphakheji amelene nezisekelo ezahlukene . Kungenzeka ukuhlanganiswa kokubili okuqukethwe kwamanje kwendawo yokugcina ngokwezifiso kanye nesisekelo se-Debian esihambisanayo (isb., i-sid noma i-tricie), okubaluleke kakhulu lapho usebenza ngokuncika okuguqukayo noma ukushintsha phakathi kwezinguqulo zelabhulali.
Ngokuphathelene nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, i-Debusine ihlanganisa uhlu lwezivivinyo ezenzakalelayo ezisebenza njengengxenye yemisebenzi, kusukela ekuhlolweni kokwakha okuyisisekelo kuya kuma-suite e-QA ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlelwe ukufaka ukulandelela kokubuyela emuva okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu , ukuze izinguquko eziyinkinga zitholakale ngaphambi kokuba amaphakheji akhishwe kubasebenzisi ngezinga elikhulu.
Kukhona futhi nezimo eziningana zokufinyelela nokusetshenziswa ezicacile . Njengamanje, ukudalwa nokushicilelwa kwama-repository kukhawulelwe ku-Debian Developers kanye ne-Debian Maintainers, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwala ma-repository kusesidlangalaleni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphakheji kuphela anelayisensi evumela ukusatshalaliswa yi-Debian futhi anengqondo ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem yawo avunyelwe—okungukuthi, isofthiwe engagcina ngokunengqondo kuma-repository asemthethweni. I-Freexian igodla ilungelo lokususa ama-repository angahlangabezani nalezi zidingo.
Indlela ama-repository asebenza ngayo ngaphakathi kwe-Debusine
Ezingeni elisebenzayo, ukusebenzisana neDebusine kuzungeza izindawo zokusebenza kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza . Indawo yokusebenza iyindawo yokusebenza enengqondo ngaphakathi kwepulatifomu, futhi izindawo zokugcina (noma amasuite) zidalwa ngaphakathi kwalezi zikhala. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa indawo yokusebenza ejwayelekile ebizwa ngokuthi “abathuthukisi” noma eqondile kakhulu ekuhlolweni okuthile.
Abathuthukisi bangakha indawo yokugcina iphakheji besebenzisa ithuluzi lomugqa womyalo we-Debusine . Umyalo oyisisekelo wokudala i-suite ungase ubukeke kanje:
Umyalo oyisisekelo: debusine --server SERVER archive suite create --workspace WORKSPACE \
--architecture all --architecture amd64 \
--base-workflow-template TEMPLATE SUITE
Esimweni sangempela, lokhu kungabonakala njengesibonelo esiqinile sokudala indawo yokugcina izivivinyo ze-side:
Isibonelo sangempela: debusine --server debian archive suite create \
--workspace developers-myuser_experiment \
--architecture all --architecture amd64 \
--base-workflow-template upload-to-unstable \
sid-experiment
Ukusuka lapho, i-suite esanda kudalwa itholakala njengendawo yokugcina i-APT etholakala nge-HTTPS. Abasebenzisi be-Debian bangayisebenzisa ngokungeza imigqa efanele ekucushweni kwemithombo yesofthiwe yabo, besebenzisa ifomethi yefayela yesimanje ye-.sources uma befisa.
Isibonelo se-.sources: Types: deb deb-src
URIs: https://deb.debusine.debian.net/debian/developers-myuser_experiment
Suites: sid-experiment
Components: main
Njengoba lokho kulungiselelwa sekukhona, noma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-Debian oluhambisana ne-suite esetshenzisiwe luzokwazi ukubuza, ukufaka noma ukubuyekeza amaphakheji avela ku-Debusine repository njengokungathi ingenye yemvelaphi yayo ye-APT, kodwa ngenzuzo yokuthi lawo maphakheji adlule ku-workflow evumelaniswe ne-ecosystem yokusabalalisa.
Sebenzisa amacala nezinzuzo ze-ecosystem ye-Debian
I-Debusine iklanyelwe ukumboza amacala angokoqobo abathuthukisi be-Debian ababhekana nawo nsuku zonke futhi, kuze kube manje, izixazululo bezihlanganisiwe noma zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngesandla. Esinye sezibonelo ezicacile ukuguqulwa kwephakheji okuhlanganisiwe : lapho kubuyekezwa umtapo wolwazi obalulekile noma ingxenye ebalulekile, kuvame ukudingeka ukwakha kabusha nokuhlola inani elikhulu lamaphakheji ancike ngaphambi kokucindezela noma yini endaweni yokugcina eyinhloko.
Nge-Debusine, lezi zinguquko zingahlolwa ezindaweni zokugcina ezizimele kodwa zomphakathi , lapho abanye abathuthukisi nabahloli bangasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi konke kuyahlanganiswa futhi kusebenza njengoba kulindelekile. Uma iphakheji isiqinisekisiwe ukuthi izinzile, ukulayishwa endaweni yokugcina esemthethweni kuba yingozi encane futhi kubikezelwe kalula, kunciphisa inani lezinkinga ezifinyelela kubasebenzisi bokugcina.
Esinye isimo esivamile sihilela isofthiwe yokuhlola noma isofthiwe engakakulungeli ukufakwa endaweni yokugcina . Amanye amaphrojekthi adinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlole izinguqulo zokubuka kuqala, amagatsha okuthuthukisa, noma izakhiwo zansuku zonke ukuze bathole amaphutha futhi baqoqe impendulo. Esikhundleni sokubacela ukuthi bangeze i-Ubuntu PPA noma bahlanganise isofthiwe ngesandla, i-Debusine ivumela ukuthi banikezwe izindawo zokugcina ezihambisana ne-Debian ngeziqinisekiso ezincane kanye nokuqapha.
Umqondo wezindawo zokugcina ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zamaqembu, izinkampani, noma imiphakathi nawo uyathandwa . Noma ubani ogcina ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian noma indawo yenkampani angasebenzisa i-Debusine ukupakisha nokusabalalisa izinguqulo zakhe zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, ngamathuluzi nezilawuli ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa ku-Debian "esemthethweni". Lokhu akuyona nje indaba yokulula, kodwa futhi nokulandelela kanye nekhono lokuhlola kalula ukuthi yimaphi amaphakheji afakiwe nokuthi avela kuphi.
Okokugcina, i-Debusine isiza ekunciphiseni ukuthembela ezixazululweni zangaphandle njenge-Launchpad noma izinsizakalo ezizimele . Konke kuhlala ngaphakathi kwe-Debian kanye nomphakathi wayo, ngokulawula okukhulu ukuthi amaphakheji agcinwa kuphi, ukuthi ubani owasayinayo, nokuthi asatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Kuphrojekthi ebeka ukubaluleka okunjalo ekubuseni kobuchwepheshe kanye nelayisense, lokhu akuyona imininingwane emincane.
Ubudlelwano nama-PPA e-Ubuntu akudala kanye nokusetshenziswa ku-Debian Trixie
Nakuba i-Debusine ikhula futhi ikhula, abasebenzisi abaningi bazoqhubeka nokuthembela kuma-PPA e-Ubuntu ezinhlelweni zabo ze-Debian , ikakhulukazi ezinguqulweni zokuthuthukiswa ezifana ne-Debian 13 “Trixie” noma lezo eziseduze nokukhishwa okungazinzile noma okuhlolwayo. Isizathu sicacile: enye isofthiwe ipakishwa kuphela ku-Launchpad, futhi ukushintsha imikhuba kuthatha isikhathi.
Kusengenzeka ukufaka, ukulungisa, nokusebenzisa ama-repositories e-Ubuntu PPA ku-Debian , ngokuvamile ngethuluzi le-add-apt-repository kanye nokulungiswa okuthile ngesandla. Isibonelo, umyalo ofana nolandelayo uvame ukwenziwa:
Engeza i-PPA: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mi-repositorio/mi-programa
Lo myalo udala ifayela elisha lomthombo ku-/etc/apt/sources.list.d, ngokuvamile ngesandiso se-.sources. Kodwa-ke, njengoba liqondiswe ku-Ubuntu, ifayela lingabhekisela ku-suite efana ne-"mantic", "noble", noma "questing", engahambisani negama lenguqulo ye-Debian. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto evamile ukuhlela ifayela elikhiqizwe (isibonelo, i-my-program.sources) bese ulungisa inani lensimu ye-Suites ukuze likhombe inguqulo ye-Ubuntu lapho i-PPA ofuna ukuyisebenzisa yakhiwe khona empeleni.
Buyekeza uhlu lwephakheji: sudo apt update
Le nqubo yonke ibonisa kahle ukuthi kungani i-Debian yamukela ukuba nenketho yayo esemthethweni . Noma nini lapho usebenzisa i-PPA yomuntu wesithathu, uthatha ingozi ethile yokuxuba ukuncika futhi udinga izinga eliphezulu lokunakwa ngumsebenzisi ukuze ugweme ukuphula uhlelo lwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Debusine ihlose ukunikeza izindawo zokugcina ezengeziwe eziklanywe kusukela phansi ukuze zihambisane ne-ecosystem ye-Debian, ngaphandle "kwamaqhinga" noma izinqamuleli ezingabazisayo.
Ukutholakala kwamanje kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo
Njengamanje, i-Debusine Repositories isesidlangalaleni futhi ihloselwe kakhulu abathuthukisi nabanakekeli . Isibonelo se-Freexian ku-debusine.debian.net sesivele sisetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi angempela, kodwa asikakathulwa njengesevisi yokukhiqiza ehloselwe ngqo abasebenzisi bokugcina abafuna ukwengeza izindawo zokugcina ngokungakhethi.
Ukufinyelela kukhawulelwe kulabo abaneziqinisekiso ze-Debian Developer noma ze-Debian Maintainer, okumele baqinisekise nge-Salsa ukuze badale, baphathe, futhi balayishe amaphakheji kuma-repository . Ama-repository avelayo abonakala esidlangalaleni, futhi noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angabathinta noma abalungiselele njengomthombo wephakheji owengeziwe, uma nje beqonda ukuthi yini abayengezayo ohlelweni lwabo.
Uma sibheka phambili, kulindeleke ukuthi le nsizakalo ithole ukuzinza, izici ze-QA eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungcono namanye amathuluzi asetshenziswa ku-Debian. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzokwanda kumaphrojekthi asuselwa ku-derivative kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelwa izinhlangano zomphakathi noma ezizimele ezinentshisekelo yokugcina ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian ngendlela yobungcweti.
Abanye bangase bacabange ukuthi iDebusine ifika sekwephuzile kancane , uma ubheka ukuthi ama-PPA ka-Ubuntu, amafomethi ephakeji e-universal, kanye nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze-homebrew ezine-reprepro namanye amathuluzi sezikhona isikhathi esingakanani. Kodwa-ke, kulabo abazisa ukuhambisana kwangaphakathi, ukucaca kokusabalalisa, kanye nekhono lokuzama ngaphandle kokuphula umongo we-distro, ukufika kwepulatifomu enjalo ngaphakathi kwesambulela esisemthethweni se-Debian kuyizindaba ezinhle impela.
Konke kukhomba ukuthi i-Debusine iba yingxenye ebalulekile ekwenzeni kube yisimanje indlela yokupakisha nokusabalalisa ku-Debian . Uma iphumelela, izohlinzeka abathuthukisi ngendawo ekhululekile kakhulu yokuhlola izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi, inike amandla abanakekeli ukuphatha kangcono izindawo zabo zokugcina impahla, futhi ivumele abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele isofthiwe eyengeziwe ngaphandle kokushiya uhlelo oluthembekile lokusabalalisa, kunciphisa isilingo (kanye nengozi) sokusebenzisa izixazululo zangaphandle ezingahambisani kahle nefilosofi yephrojekthi.