- Incazelo: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo nobuchwepheshe ukulawula izinqubo zezimboni, ukunciphisa amaphutha, isikhathi, kanye nezingozi zomsebenzi.
- Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko: izinzwa, ama-actuator, i-PLC, i-SCADA, amarobhothi, amanethiwekhi ezimboni kanye nesofthiwe yokuhlaziya.
- Izinzuzo: ukwanda kokukhiqiza, ikhwalithi kanye nokuphepha; izindleko ezincishisiwe kanye nesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
- Izinselele kanye nekusasa: ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, umthelela womsebenzi kanye nezidingo zokuqeqeshwa; izitayela: ama-cobot, ama-IIoT kanye ne-AI.
I-Industrial automation iyiguqule ngokuphelele indlela izinkampani ezenza ngayo izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, kuye kwathuthukiswa amathuluzi namasu amasha avumela ukuthi izinqubo zezimboni zithuthukiswe futhi zenziwe lula, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izindleko. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola kabanzi ukuthi kuyini okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni, ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithembisa kakhulu. Uma ungusomabhizinisi noma usebenza embonini, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa lo mhlahlandlela ophelele wezinto ezishintshayo zezimboni!
Yini i-industrial automation?
Ukuzenzakalela kwezimboni kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo ukulawula nokusebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo zezimboni . Esikhundleni sokuthembela ngokuphelele emsebenzini wezandla, imishini nemishini ezenzakalelayo ingenza imisebenzi ephindaphindayo, eyisicefe, noma eyingozi ngempumelelo nangokunembile.
Kalula nje, i-automation yezimboni ivumela izinkampani ukuthi zithuthukise ukukhiqiza kwazo ngokunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqedelwe umsebenzi othile, kuncishiswe amaphutha abantu kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe bungasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza ngokususa izingozi ezihlobene nemisebenzi ethile. I-Industrial automation iyisici esibalulekile ekuguqukeni okuqhubekayo kwemboni yesimanje ekufezeni ikusasa elisebenza kahle nelihlakaniphe kakhudlwana.
Isizinda esingokomlando sokuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni
Isizinda esingokomlando sokuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni sisukela emakhulwini eminyaka edlule. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, abantu baqala ukufuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa nokwenza lula izinqubo zezimboni. Ekhulwini le-18, kwasungulwa imishini efana nezinsimbi zikagesi nezitimela zezitimela, okwabeka isisekelo sokuzishintshashintsha.
Nokho, kwakungekhulu lama-20 lapho kwenziwa khona intuthuko enkulu kulo mkhakha. I-Industrial Revolution yaletha uchungechunge lwezinto ezintsha ezifana nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kanye nokufakwa kukagesi, okwavumela izinga elikhulu lokuzishintshanisa ezimbonini nasezimbonini zezimboni. Lesi sizinda somlando sibeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamanje kokushintshashintsha kwezimboni futhi sibonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wokukhiqiza.
Ubuchwepheshe obakha i-industrial automation
I-Industrial automation isekelwe ochungechungeni lobuchwepheshe obuvumela izinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuba zithuthukiswe futhi zilawulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lobu buchwepheshe bubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemboni, njengoba busiza ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokwandisa umkhiqizo.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obusetshenziswa ezishintshayo zezimboni buhlanganisa: izinzwa nama-actuator, izinhlelo zokulawula nokuqapha, amarobhothi ezimboni, amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ezimboni kanye nesofthiwe ekhethekile. Izinzwa nama-actuator angamadivayisi abalulekile avumela ukuthi ulwazi luqoqwe mayelana nemvelo noma isimo sohlelo, kuyilapho amasistimu okulawula nokuqapha anesibopho sokuhlaziya lolu lwazi ukuze enze izinqumo ezizenzakalelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amarobhothi ezimboni enza imisebenzi ephindaphindayo noma eyingozi ngokunemba okukhulu nangesivinini.
Ubuchwepheshe obenza i-automation yezimboni bubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqiza okusebenza kahle nokukhaliphile. Ukuqaliswa kwayo ngendlela efanele kungakhuphula ukukhula nokuncintisana ezinkampanini emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni.
Izinhlobo ze-industrial process automation
I-automation yenqubo yezimboni ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, kuye ngezinga lokungenelela komuntu kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bemisebenzi eyenziwe. Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu i-automation eqinile, lapho imishini yenza khona imisebenzi ethile ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinokuzenzakalela okuhlelekayo, okuvumela ukuziphatha kwemishini ukuthi kulungiswe ngemiyalelo emiswe ngaphambilini.
Olunye uhlobo olubalulekile i-automation eguquguqukayo, esebenzisa amasistimu ahlakaniphile ukuze avumelane nezimo ezishintshayo futhi enze imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukwengeza, kukhona okuzenzakalelayo okuhlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene ukulawula yonke inqubo yezimboni kusuka ohlelweni olulodwa oluphakathi. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo zokuzenzakalela ezisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zezimboni, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo nezinselele ezithile.
Izinzuzo ze-industrial automation
I-Industrial automation inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezingaguqula ngokuphelele indlela izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezenziwa ngayo. Okokuqala, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza ngokususa isidingo semisebenzi yezandla ephindaphindwayo ethambekele emaphutheni omuntu. Lokhu kuvumela ukwanda kwejubane nokunemba kokusebenza, okuholela kwikhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ukwenziwa kwezinqubo emikhakheni ehlukene yezohwebo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa izindleko. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuqasha imishini nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ezithatha indawo yesidingo sokusebenza kwabantu, ngaleyo ndlela zivumele izinkampani ukuthi zithuthukise izinsiza zazo futhi zithole izinzuzo zezezimali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile futhi ukugqamisa ukuthi ngenxa ye-automation yezimboni, ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngokuqeda imisebenzi eyingozi kubasebenzi futhi esikhundleni sayo kufakwe imishini ezishintshayo, ubungozi bezingozi zasemsebenzini buyancipha kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zokuzenzakalela ezimbonini zicacile: ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe, ukukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe, ukuncipha kwezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kwendawo yokusebenza. Kuyacaca ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bunomthelela omuhle kusukela kumbono webhizinisi kanye nomphakathi.
Ukungalungi kwe-automation yezimboni
I-Industrial automation iguqule indlela izinqubo ezenziwa ngayo ezinkampanini, nokho, akuyona yonke into emnandi. Nakuba inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, futhi inezinye izinto ezimbi okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Enye yezinto ezimbi eziyinhloko zokuzishintsha kwezimboni yizindleko eziphezulu zokuqala. Ukusebenzisa amasistimu nobuchwepheshe obuzenzakalelayo kungadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo angase abe nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwezindleko zokuqala, kukhona nezindleko eziqhubekayo zokunakekela nokuthuthukisa imishini.
Esinye isici esibi kakhulu umthelela ongaba khona ekuqashweni kwabantu . Njengoba imisebenzi eminingi yenziwa yimishini namarobhothi, kungase kube nokuncipha kwesidingo sabasebenzi. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhathazekeni phakathi kwabasebenzi mayelana nokuvikeleka kwemisebenzi yabo kanye namathuba abo emisebenzi.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zimo ezimbi, i-industrial automation isalokhu iyinkambiso engavimbeki ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezingenakubalwa. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izidingo namandla ngaphambi kokuqala iphrojekthi ezenzakalelayo ukuze kuncishiswe izihibe ezingaba khona ezihlobene nalobu buchwepheshe oba bukhona manje ezimbonini zethu.
Izicelo ezisafufusa ze-industrial automation
I-Industrial automation ibilokhu ivela njalo, futhi ngayo, sekuvele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha eziguqula indlela izinqubo zezimboni ezenziwa ngayo. Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivelayo eziphawuleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi asebenzisanayo noma ama-cobots. Lawa marobhothi asebenza kanye nabasebenza ngabantu ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha emisebenzini.
Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza oluvelayo yi -Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), lapho amadivayisi axhunyiwe evumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa futhi kuthuthukiswe ukwenziwa kwezinqumo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ezisekelwe ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa kanye nokufunda komshini nazo ziyasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ulwazi oluningi nokubikezela ukwehluleka noma ukuthuthuka okungenzeka ezinqubweni zezimboni. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezivelayo ziguqula ngokuphelele imboni, okwenza isebenze kahle, iphephe, futhi ihlakaniphe kakhudlwana.
Ungaba kanjani uchwepheshe we-industrial automation
Ukuzenzakalela kwezimboni kuyisifundo esihlala sishintsha esidinga ochwepheshe abanamakhono ukuze basebenzise futhi balondoloze izinhlelo ezisebenza kahle ngokuzenzakalela. Uma unesifiso sokuba uchwepheshe wezokuzenzakalela kwezimboni, nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokukufeza lokho.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthola isisekelo esiqinile ezisekelweni ze-elekthronikhi, i-mechanics, kanye nesayensi yekhompyutha. Ungaqala ngokuthatha izifundo ezikhethekile noma ngisho nokuthola iziqu zaseyunivesithi kwezobunjiniyela noma ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nokuzisebenzela kwezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlala usesikhathini ngobuchwepheshe bamuva kanye nezitayela kulo mkhakha ngocwaningo nokufunda okuqhubekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthola ulwazi olusebenzayo kubalulekile ukuze ube uchwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Funa amathuba okusebenza noma ama-internship ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, lapho ungasebenzisa khona ulwazi lwakho lwethiyori futhi uthuthukise amakhono athile. Ukwengeza, hlanganyela ngenkuthalo kumaphrojekthi ahlobene ne-automation yezimboni ukuze wandise ulwazi lwakho futhi ubonise amakhono akho kubaqashi bakusasa noma amakhasimende angaba khona.
Khumbula ukuthi indlela yokuba uchwepheshe ithatha isikhathi nokuzinikela. Qhubeka ufunda, ulinge futhi ucwaninge njalo ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngentuthuko yemboni futhi ukwazi ukunikeza izixazululo ezintsha ezinseleleni zamanje. Ungangabazi ukuphishekela umgomo wakho wokuba uchwepheshe ohamba phambili kwezokuzenzakalela kwezimboni!
Ikusasa le-industrial automation
Ikusasa lokuzenzakalela kwezimboni libukeka lithembisa futhi ligcwele intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko yobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarobhothi, kanye ne- Inthanethi Yezinto , izinqubo zezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenze kahle futhi zizimele ngokwengeziwe.
Amarobhothi asebenzisanayo kulindeleke ukuthi abambe iqhaza eliwujuqu esikhathini esizayo sokuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni. La marobhothi azohlonyiselwa ukusebenza nabantu ngaphandle kokubafaka engozini futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufunwa ukuxhumana okukhulu phakathi kwemishini kusetshenziswa izinzwa zesimanje kanye nama-algorithms ahlakaniphile.
Ikusasa le-automation yezimboni lizoqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo obuzovumela ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela umthelela wenhlalo nokuqashwa okungenzeka lokhu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzilungiselela ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko futhi utshale imali ekuqeqeshweni okukhethekile ukuze usizakale ngazo zonke izinzuzo ezitholakala ngokushintshashintsha okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni.
Iziphetho nezincomo zosomabhizinisi
I-Industrial automation inikezela ngamathuba nezinzuzo eziningi kosomabhizinisi nezinkampani embonini. Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele lezi zinzuzo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezithathwayo kanye nezincomo.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezinqubo zamanje zezimboni ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-automation. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba izindawo ezingathuthukiswa futhi zithuthukiswe ngobuchwepheshe. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ekusebenziseni amasistimu ezishintshayo, kungaba ngokuqeqeshwa kwangaphakathi noma ngokuqasha ochwepheshe bangaphandle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi ubeke imigomo ecacile nengokoqobo lapho usebenzisa i-automation yezimboni. Kubalulekile ukuchaza okulindeleke ukuthi kuzuzwe ngalobu buchwepheshe futhi kukale umthelela wabo mayelana nokusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko.
Ukwamukelwa okufanele kwe-automation yezimboni kungaba isu elisebenzayo lokukhulisa umkhiqizo kanye nokuncintisana emkhakheni webhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi utshale isikhathi ekuhleleni ngaphambi kokuqala le ndlela ebheke ekusaseni ledijithali lemboni.
Imithombo yolwazi nezinsiza ezengeziwe zokuzenzakalela embonini
Kulabo abathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe kanye nokuthola izinsiza ku-automation yezimboni, kunemithombo eminingana etholakalayo engasiza kakhulu. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ongakhetha kuzo iwukuba uthintane nezincwadi ezikhethekile ezikhuluma ngale ndaba, ezinikeza ulwazi olubanzi namasu asebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene zomkhakha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo eziningi eziku-inthanethi noma zomuntu siqu nazo ezihlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kokuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni. Lezi zifundo zivame ukwakhiwa ukuze zivumelane namazinga ahlukene olwazi futhi zingakusiza ukuthi uthole amakhono asebenzayo nawethiyori adingekayo ukuze usebenzise amasistimu azenzakalelayo asebenza kahle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akumele sikhohlwe ukubaluleka kwemiphakathi eku-inthanethi nezinkundla ezikhethekile lapho ochwepheshe babelana ngolwazi nemibono yabo mayelana ne-automation embonini. Ukubamba iqhaza ngokugcwele kule miphakathi kunganikeza iseluleko esiwusizo namathuba okuxhumana nabantu abasebenza embonini. Kubuye kunconywe ukulandela amabhulogi noma amawebhusayithi anikezelwe esihlokweni, abuyekezwa njalo ngamathrendi amasha kanye nezinto ezintsha ngaphakathi kwenkambu ye-automation yezimboni.
Isiphetho se-automation yezimboni
Sengiphetha, i-industrial automation iwumkhuba oguqule izinqubo emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza nakwezinye izimboni. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa umkhiqizo, seliyithuluzi elibalulekile emabhizinisini esimanje.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sibone indlela ukuzisebenzela kwezimboni okuguquke ngayo kusuka ezinhlelweni ezilula zemishini kuya kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njenge-robotics kanye ne-Internet of Things (IoT). Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zezimboni futhi kube lula ngemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo noma eyingozi kubasebenzi.
Nakuba kukhona ukungalungi okuhlotshaniswa nalokhu kuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe, njengengozi yokungasebenzi noma ukuncika ngokweqile uma kwenzeka kuba nokwehluleka kwezobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-automation ayifuni ukufaka abantu esikhundleni kodwa kunalokho iyakuhambisana nabo. Ngale ndlela, amakhono omuntu angasetshenziselwa imisebenzi eminingi yokudala neyobuhlakani kuyilapho imishini yenza imisebenzi evamile.
Ukuzenzakalela embonini kukhona ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene ezivelayo ezifana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) nokufunda komshini, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubikezela ukwehluleka okuzayo noma ukuhlonza amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi enanini elikhulu ledatha. Lokhu kunikeza amathuba engeziwe okuthuthukisa imiphumela ngaphakathi kwendawo yebhizinisi.
Kulabo abanesifiso sokuphishekela umsebenzi wobungcweti kulo mkhakha, kunconywa ukuthola ulwazi oluthile lobunjiniyela be-elekthronikhi kanye nekhompyutha . Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kubalulekile ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo neqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela kwezimboni.
Ngokuqondene nekusasa le-automation embonini, umgomo uwukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza namandla okuhlaziya. Lokhu ngeke nje kuvumele ukwakhiwa kwezinqubo eziphumelelayo, kodwa futhi kufake isandla ekuvikelweni kwemithombo yemvelo.