- Ama-Appchain angama-blockchain akhethekile ohlelo lokusebenza oluthile noma oluqondile, anemingcele yezobuchwepheshe neyezomnotho elungiselelwe izidingo zawo.
- Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwe-modular kuthuthukisa ukusabalala, ukusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenzisana uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Layer 1 yenhloso ejwayelekile.
- Izinhlelo zemvelo ezifana nePolkadot, iCosmos, kanye ne-Avalanche zenza kube lula ukudala ama-appchain kusetshenziswa ama-parachain, ama-zone, nama-subnet ngamathuluzi nokuphepha okwabelwana ngakho.
- Nakuba zinikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu, ama-appchain abhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe, zomthetho kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ezisaxazululwa.
Ama-Appchain abe ngomunye wemibono enamandla kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-blockchain ecosystem . Uma ubulokhu uzwa ngama-parachain, ama-subnet, noma izindawo isikhathi eside futhi ungaqiniseki ukuthi ahlobene kanjani nakho konke lokhu, hlala, ngoba sizowachaza lapha, sithathe isikhathi sethu kodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Kule migqa elandelayo, sizohlola ukuthi iyini i-appchain, ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngaphakathi, ukuthi ihluke kanjani ku-blockchain esendlalelo 1 noma i-sidechain , izinzuzo zayo, izinkinga zayo, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa lapho inengqondo kakhulu. Sizophinde sibuyekeze izimiso zemvelo eziyinhloko (i-Polkadot, i-Cosmos, i-Avalanche, phakathi kwezinye) ukuze sikunikeze umbono ophelele nosebenzayo.
Kuyini i-appchain: incazelo elula nokuthi kungani kubalulekile
Uma sikhuluma ngama-appchain, sibhekisela kuma -blockchain aklanyelwe ngqo uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile noma isethi yemisebenzi . Akuwona amanethiwekhi "afanela wonke umuntu", kodwa kunalokho amaketanga agxile ezidingweni ze-DApp noma imboni ethile (ezezimali, imidlalo, iketanga lokuhlinzeka, izinkundla zokuxhumana, njll.).
Esikhundleni sokwabelana ngengqalasizinda eyodwa nezinkulungwane zamaphrojekthi ancintisana ngezinsiza ezifanayo, ezingadala izithiyo zenethiwekhi , i-appchain ngayinye igcina amandla okubala, i-bandwidth, kanye nesitoreji sesimo sayo sokusetshenziswa . Lokhu kuvumela amapharamitha afana nosayizi webhlokhi, izimali, imodeli yokuphepha, kanye nohlobo lwenkontileka ehlakaniphile ukuthi alungiselelwe izidingo ezithile zalolo hlelo lokusebenza.
Izibonelo ezicacile zale ndlela yi -parachain kaPolkadot, ama-subnet e-Avalanche, kanye nezindawo ze-Cosmos . Zonke zilandela ifilosofi efanayo: amaketanga akhethekile, axhunywe ohlelweni lwemvelo olukhulu, kodwa anokuzimela okukhulu ekubekeni imithetho yawo.
Indlela elula yokubona lokhu ngeso lengqondo ukucabanga ngenethiwekhi enkulu njengomgwaqo omkhulu kanye nezindawo zokungena njengemizila egcinelwe futhi elungiselelwe izinhlobo ezithile zethrafikhi : eyodwa yamaloli nje, enye yamabhasi nje, enye yezimoto zikagesi nje... Umgwaqo omkhulu usekhona, kodwa ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa imizila elungiselelwe ukuhamba kahle.
Imiqondo eyisisekelo kanye nokuvela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza
Ama-blockchain okuqala omphakathi azalwa njengengqalasizinda yenhloso ejwayelekile : wonke umuntu wasebenzisa izinkontileka zakhe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kungqimba efanayo yesisekelo. Lokho kwasebenza isikhashana, kodwa njengoba inani labasebenzisi kanye nama-DApp lakhula, kwavela izinkinga zakudala zokugcwala, izimali ezikhuphukayo, kanye nokubambezeleka okuphezulu.
Ngakho-ke umqondo wokudala izintambo ezikhethekile ezigcina ukuphepha kwendawo evamile, kodwa zinciphise ingcindezi kunethiwekhi eyinhloko . Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-app zazalwa njengempendulo yemikhawulo emibili ecacile: ukukhuliswa (inani lokuthengiselana ngomzuzwana) kanye nokuntuleka kokwenza ngokwezifiso okujulile (amapharamitha enethiwekhi, ezomnotho zangaphakathi, ukubusa, njll.).
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mqondo ulungisiwe, futhi namuhla sikhuluma ngezinhlelo zemvelo eziphelele eziqondiswe kuma-appchain . I-Polkadot yenza lokhu ngesikhungo sokuphepha esabiwe kanye nama-parachain axhunywe ku-Relay Chain; i-Cosmos, ngokusebenzisa isethi yezindawo ezixhumana kusetshenziswa i-IBC; i-Avalanche, ngama-subnet ahlanganisa abaqinisekisi bezintambo ezithile.
Lokhu kuthuthuka kuvumele imikhakha efana nezezimali ezihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba, imidlalo, kanye ne-logistics ukuthi isebenzise izintambo zayo ezilungiselelwe ngaphandle kokwakha i-blockchain kusukela ekuqaleni , isebenzisa amathuluzi, ama-SDK, kanye nezinhlaka zokuthuthukiswa ezinikezwa amanethiwekhi amakhulu.
Indlela ama-appchain asebenza ngayo ngaphakathi
Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, i-appchain yabelana ngesisekelo sanoma iyiphi i-blockchain (amabhlogo, ama-node, ukuvumelana, i-cryptography), kodwa ivumelanisa leso sakhiwo esijwayelekile nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza . Akuwona wonke ama-appchain akhiwe ngendlela efanayo, yize ngokuvamile ethembele kusakhiwo esilinganayo.
Emisebenzini eminingi singahlukanisa okungenani izendlalelo ezinhlanu ezibalulekile ku-appchain , ngayinye inendima echazwe kahle ngaphakathi kwesistimu.
Isendlalelo senethiwekhi : Lesi sendlalelo sinesibopho sayo yonke inethiwekhi yokuxhumana phakathi kwama-node, ukushintshana kwemiyalezo, kanye nokusabalala kwamabhulokhi kanye nokuthengiselana. Siphatha indlela ama-node axhumana ngayo, indlela ulwazi oluthunyelwa ngayo, kanye nendlela idatha ejikeleza kuyo yonke inethiwekhi eqinisekiswa ngayo kusengaphambili, ngaphezu kokubhekana nezinkinga kumanethiwekhi e-IP kanye ne-DNS.
Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza : Yilapho kuhlala khona ama-DApp. Lesi sendlalelo sinikeza ama-interface nama-API onjiniyela, ukuphatha i-logic yesicelo sezinga eliphezulu, ukuqapha amadeshibhodi, namathuluzi okusebenzisa izibuyekezo noma izinguqulo ezintsha zenkontileka.
Isendlalelo sedatha : Lesi sendlalelo siphatha indlela idatha egcinwa futhi ihlelwe ngayo ochungechungeni lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isimo sonke sesendlalelo, umlando wokuthengiselana, kanye nolwazi oluhlobene nezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile . Ukwakheka kwaso kuthonya ukusebenza, usayizi wesendlalelo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokufunda/ukubhala.
Isendlalelo sokuvumelana : Lena yinhliziyo yokuphepha kwe-appchain. Ichaza indlela esetshenziswayo ukuvumelana ngokuthi yiliphi ibhulokhi elisebenzayo (i-PoW, i-PoS, izinhlobo ze-BFT, njll.), ukuthi abaqinisekisi bakhethwa kanjani, yiziphi izikhuthazo abazitholayo, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlawulo abazitholayo uma benza ngokungathembeki.
Isendlalelo Senkontileka Ehlakaniphile : Lesi sendlalelo sinikeza indawo yokusebenza lapho izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile zisetshenziswa khona, ziqinisekiswa, futhi zisetshenziswa khona . Sinquma ulimi lohlelo olusekelwayo, imodeli yegesi noma yekhomishini, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisana namanye amamojula kuchungechunge.
Ubuhle be-appchains bulele eqinisweni lokuthi ngayinye yalezi zingqimba ingalungiswa noma iguqulwe kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani . Iphrojekthi ye-DeFi izodinga izici ezithile zokuphepha kanye nokuqedwa okusheshayo; umdlalo we-blockchain ungase ubeke phambili ukubambezeleka okuncane (bheka ukwenza ngcono ukubambezeleka kwewebhu ) kanye nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu kunokusabalalisa ngokweqile.
Ama-Appchain, amaketanga amakhulu kanye nama-sidechain: ahluke kanjani
Kubalulekile ukucacisa iphuzu elilodwa elibalulekile: akuwona wonke amaketanga asebenza ngokuhambisana nenethiwekhi enkulu angama-appchain . Yilapho leli gama livame ukudidaniswa khona nama-sidechain, okuholela ekudidekeni.
I-blockchain yesendlalelo 1 iyinethiwekhi eyisisekelo enezinhloso eziningi: inesethi yayo ephelele yabaqinisekisi, izindlela zokuvumelana, kanye nemithetho , futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zakhiwe phezu kwayo. I-Bitcoin, i-Ethereum, ne-Solana ziyizibonelo zakudala zama-blockchain esendlalelo 1.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-appchain aklanyelwe ukukhonza uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile noma i-vertical . Ukwakheka kwawo kuguquguquka kakhulu: angaxhuma ku-Layer 1 ukuze athole ukuphepha njengefa, abelane nge-consensus hub namanye amaketanga, noma asebenzise amabhuloho athile ukuze axhumane ne-ecosystem eyinhloko.
Ngokuphathelene nezindlela zokuvumelana, ama-blockchain e-Layer 1 avame ukugcina imodeli ejwayelekile eqinile (i-PoW, i-PoS) ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza nobulula. Nokho, ama-Appchains angazama izindlela zokuvumelana ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwawo: kusukela ezinhlotsheni ze-PoS ezisheshayo ze-DeFi kuya ezinhlelweni ze-BFT ezilula zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-logistics.
Kuthiwani ngama-sidechain? Ama-sidechain nama-appchain angaxhuma ku-main chain futhi ahambise izimpahla phakathi kwawo , kodwa ama-sidechain ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kaningi: asebenza ukukhulula umsebenzi kunethiwekhi eyisisekelo, engeza imisebenzi emisha noma ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugxila kakhulu kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-appchain izalwa inenjongo echazwe kahle: yakhelwe eduze kohlelo lokusebenza, ngamapharamitha enethiwekhi, ama-tokenomics, kanye nokuphathwa okuhambisana nalolo hlelo lokusebenza . Lokhu kukhethekile yikho okwenza umehluko, yize, ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, ingasebenzisa imiqondo efanayo nama-sidechain.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile: uchungechunge oluyinhloko, uchungechunge lwe-app, kanye nebhuloho eliqondisa izinhlangothi zombili
Emiklamo eminingi, i-appchain ayihlali yodwa, kodwa iyingxenye yesimiso sezinto eziphilayo esikhulu esakhiwe yizicucu ezintathu eziyinhloko : uchungechunge oluyinhloko (noma ihabhu), i-appchain uqobo, kanye nendlela yokunamathisela noma yokuhlanganisa ibhuloho.
Uchungechunge oluyinhloko lusebenza njengesendlalelo esiyisisekelo esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphepha okuphelele, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukuvumelana okwabiwe. Izindawo zokuhlola, imiyalezo yokulawula, kanye nezimo zochungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe ziqoshwa lapho ukuze kuqiniswe ukuphepha futhi kube lula ukusebenzisana.
I -appchain iyiketanga elikhethekile, elinemithetho yalo, indlela yokusebenzisa, futhi ngokuvamile ithokheni yalo, imodeli yokuphatha, kanye nenqubomgomo yezomnotho . Ingasebenza ngokuzimela, inqobo nje uma inamathela ezimisweni zokuxhumana ezivunyelwene ngazo nenethiwekhi eyinhloko.
Ibhuloho noma i-anchor eqondiswe kabili yilokho okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhambisa izimpahla nolwazi phakathi kwenethiwekhi eyinhloko kanye nochungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile lusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa izinkontileka zokukhiya ochungechungeni oluyisisekelo kanye nezethulo ezifakwe amathokheni ochungechungeni lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, noma ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuthumela imiyalezo ezivumela ukuqinisekiswa, ngaphandle kokwethemba okungaboni, ukuthi impahla ikhiyiwe kolunye uhlangothi ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe kolunye.
Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho nzuzo noma ukuphepha okulahlekayo lapho kushintshaniswa phakathi kwamaketanga . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ivumela ukuhlolwa kwalokho okwenzekayo ku-appchain ngokusebenzisa ungqimba oluyisisekelo ngokuhlaziya amalogi , ukuthola ukuziphatha okunonya noma ukungahambisani, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlinzeke ngesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ohlelweni.
Izinzuzo ze-appchains: kungani kunentshisekelo engaka
Isizathu sokuthi ama-appchain athandwe kangaka ukuthi axazulula izinkinga eziningi ezinkulu zama-blockchain endabuko , ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokusingatha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene kunethiwekhi efanayo.
Okokuqala, kukhona ukukhuliswa kanye nokusebenza . Ngokunikela i-blockchain yonke kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa noma oluqondile, wandisa inani lemisebenzi engacutshungulwa ngaphandle kokuncintisana namanye ama-DApp ukuze uthole isikhala sebhulokhi. Lokhu kuhunyushwa kube izikhathi zokuqinisekisa eziphansi kanye nokubambezeleka okubikezelwa kakhulu kumsebenzisi wokugcina.
Okwesibili, ama-appchain athanda ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo nokuguquguqukayo . Iphrojekthi ngayinye ingakhetha uhlobo lwendlela yokuvumelana, imodeli yenkokhelo, imithetho yokuphatha exhunywe ku-chain, uhlelo lwezimvume (oluvulekile kakhulu noma oluvaliwe kakhulu), ngisho nolimi lwenkontileka oluhlakaniphile. Lokhu kuhlukana nendlela yakudala ye-monolithic "yenethiwekhi eyodwa, isethi eyodwa yemithetho yawo wonke umuntu."
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukusebenziseka kahle okuthuthukisiwe . Ama-appchain avame ukuzalwa enezindlela ezenzelwe ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem efanayo (isibonelo, nge-IBC eCosmos noma nge-Relay Chain ePolkadot), evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basuke kolunye uhlelo lokusebenza baye kolunye ngaphandle kokungqubuzana futhi basebenzise ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinsizakalo.
Okokugcina, ngokombono wonjiniyela kanye nebhizinisi, ukuba ne-appchain yakho kusho ukukwazi ukuvumelanisa ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe nezikhuthazo zezomnotho . Ungachaza ama-tokenomics athile, amamodeli entengo, imivuzo yokuqinisekisa, kanye nokuphathwa okwenzelwe lowo mphakathi othize, ngaphandle kokuncika ekwakhiweni kwezomnotho kwe-generic Layer 1.
Izindlela zokuphepha kanye nendima ye-blockchain kuma-appchains
Ukuthi nje uchungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lukhethekile kakhulu akusho ukuthi kufanele lungavikeleki kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ukwakheka kwalo kuvame ukusekelwe ezicini ezifanayo eziyisisekelo zobuchwepheshe be-blockchain : ukusabalalisa, ukungaguquki, kanye ne-cryptography eqinile.
Inethiwekhi eyinhloko (uma ikhona) isebenza njenge- anchor yokuphepha kanye nesendlalelo sokuhlola . Izifinyezo zesimo, ama-block hashes, kanye nemiyalezo yokuqinisekisa kungaqoshwa lapho, okuvumela ukutholakala kwemizamo yokuhlela kabusha noma ukuhlaselwa kwe-appchain. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umhlaseli kuzodingeka futhi abeke engcupheni isendlalelo esiyisisekelo ukuze aphumelele, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlasela.
Ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-algorithm okuvumelana ayindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela. Ngezindlela ezifana ne-Proof-of-Stake (PoS), i-Block Transaction Processing (BFT), noma ezinye izinhlelo ze-hybrid, ama-node kumele avumelane ngokuthi yimaphi amabhlogo asebenzayo nokuthi yimaphi ama-transaction amukelwayo . Izikhuthazo zomnotho, izinhlawulo (ukunqunywa), kanye nemithetho yokubamba iqhaza kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukuziphatha okunonya.
Ngaphezu kokuvumelana, ama-appchain asebenzisa ukubethela ukuvikela ubumfihlo bedatha nobuqotho , amasu okusayina kwedijithali ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwenkontileka okuhlakaniphile ukunciphisa ubuthakathaka bekhodi. Amanethiwekhi amaningi adinga ukubuyekezwa kwangaphandle ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinkontileka ezibalulekile kanye nokunamathela emikhubeni emihle kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuphepha kwesofthiwe.
Ukucaca okungokwemvelo kwe-blockchain kuthuthukisa nokuphepha: konke kuyaqoshwa futhi kuyalandelelwa . Noma yimuphi umsebenzisi noma inhlangano elawulayo ingabuyekeza umlando wokuthengiselana, obaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni lapho ukulandelelwa kanye nokuziphendulela kubalulekile khona, njengokuphathwa kwezezimali noma kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Izindawo zemvelo ze-Appchain: i-Polkadot, i-Cosmos kanye ne-Avalanche
Amaphrojekthi amaningana amukele ngokugcwele imodeli egxile kuma-appchains, enikeza amathuluzi nezinhlaka zabanye ukuze bakhe phezu kwengqalasizinda yabo. Ezintathu ezivelele kakhulu yiPolkadot , iCosmos, kanye ne-Avalanche.
Endabeni yePolkadot , inethiwekhi ihlelwe nge-Relay Chain enikeza ukuphepha kanye nokuvumelana okwabiwe. Okuxhunywe kule Relay Chain kukhona ama-parachain , angama-blockchain azimele ane-logic yawo, ithokheni, kanye nokuphatha. Lawa ma-parachain asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, axhumana ngemiyalezo, futhi azuza ekuphepheni kwe-Relay Chain ngaphandle kokuyakha kusukela ekuqaleni.
I-Cosmos , ngakolunye uhlangothi, izichaza njenge-“inthanethi yama-blockchain.” Isebenzisa i -Cosmos SDK ukuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bakhe amaketanga abo angokwezifiso, abizwa ngokuthi ama-zones . Indawo ngayinye iyi-appchain ezimele engaxhuma kwi- Cosmos Hub nakwezinye izindawo isebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC), okwenza kube lula ukudluliselwa kwedatha kanye nempahla.
Ku -Avalanche , le ndlela isekelwe kuma -subnet . I-subnet iyisethi yama-validator asebenza njengeqembu elinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela i-blockchain eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ethize. Lokhu kuvumela i-appchain ngayinye ukuthi ichaze imithetho yayo, kusukela ohlotsheni lokuvumelana kuya ezidingweni zehadiwe kanye negunya lama-validator, ngenkathi isebenzisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi kwenjini ye-Avalanche.
Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zenza impilo ibe lula kakhulu kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqalisa i-appchain: zihlinzeka ngamathempulethi, ama-SDK, amadokhumenti, kanye nomphakathi okhona , kunciphisa ubunzima bokudala i-blockchain kusukela ekuqaleni futhi kuthuthukiswe izinketho zokusebenzisana kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Amacala okusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwama-appchains
Ukuguquguquka kwama-appchain kuwenza afaneleke ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni nezinhlobo zezicelo . Ezinye zezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zimele kakhulu amandla alo modeli.
Ku- Decentralized Finance (DeFi) , ama-appchain avumela ukwakheka kwamaketanga alungiselelwe ukuhweba okusebenzayo, ukubolekisa, ama-derivatives, noma izimakethe zokushintshana kwemali. Ngokuhambisa le misebenzi ku-appchain ezinikele, izimali ziyancishiswa, izithiyo kumanethiwekhi enhloso ejwayelekile ziyagwenywa, futhi imithetho yengozi ethile yephrothokholi ingasetshenziswa .
Emkhakheni wemidlalo ye-blockchain , isidingo sokusingatha izinkulungwane zokuthengiselana okuncane (ukuthenga ngaphakathi komdlalo, ukudluliselwa kwempahla, imivuzo) kwenza uchungechunge lohlelo lokusebenza lube usizo kakhulu. Ukubambezeleka okuphansi, izimali ezincane, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okubushelelezi kubaluleke kakhulu lapha - izici uchungechunge olwabiwe nolugcwele ngokweqile olungenakuziqinisekisa.
Kumanethiwekhi omphakathi ahlukaniswe ngokwezigaba , i-appchain ivula umnyango wamamodeli okuphatha abandakanya kakhulu, ukulawulwa komphakathi, kanye nobunikazi bangempela bedatha yabasebenzisi . Iphinde ivumele ukucushwa kwezimvume kanye namazinga obumfihlo ahlukile kulawo e-Standard 1 yomphakathi ejwayelekile.
Ekuphathweni kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla , izinhlelo zokusebenza zingashintshwa ukuze zirekhode izehlakalo zezokuthutha, izinguquko zokugcinwa, izitifiketi, noma izilawuli zekhwalithi kuyo yonke inqubo. Lokhu kunikeza ukulandelelwa komkhiqizo okunemininingwane eminingi, kunciphisa ukukhwabanisa nokuthuthukisa ukucaca kwabakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, kanye nabathengi.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zindlela eziqondile, kunezimo ezivelayo kubunikazi bedijithali, ukuvota nge-elekthronikhi, ukuphathwa kwedatha yezokwelapha, noma ingqalasizinda ye-IoT, lapho ukuba ne-blockchain elungiselelwe izidingo zomkhakha kwenza umehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ajwayelekile.
Izinselele kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona ze-appchains
Akuyona yonke into emnandi nejabulisayo. I-Appchains ibuye ibe nezinselele eziningi zobuchwepheshe, zomthetho, kanye nokwamukelwa okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokwethula eyodwa.
Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, ukusebenzisa nokugcina i-appchain kudinga ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lokuthuthukiswa kwe-blockchain, ukuphepha, amanethiwekhi asatshalaliswa, kanye ne-cryptography . Akwanele ukubhala nje inkontileka ehlakaniphile: kufanele ulungiselele ama-node, uklame izindlela zokuvumelana, uhlele ukuthuthukiswa, futhi uqinisekise ingqalasizinda ezinzile esikhathini eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge ngalunye olusha lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lunezela ubunzima ohlelweni lwe-ecosystem lomhlaba wonke: uchungechunge oluningi kumele luhlanganiswe, ukusebenzisana okungenamthungo kumele kuqinisekiswe, futhi amabhuloho avikelekile kumele agcinwe . Noma yimaphi amaphutha kulezi zingxenye eziphakathi (amabhuloho, ama-oracle, amaphrothokholi emiyalezo) aba yi-vector yokuhlasela okungenzeka.
Ngokombono wokulawula, ama-appchain aphakamisa imibuzo efana nezinye izixazululo ze-blockchain, kodwa anezici ezithile. Abalawuli basazivumelanisa nesivinini somkhakha sokusungula izinto ezintsha , futhi izidingo zomthetho zingahluka kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo. Amaphrojekthi akhipha amathokheni, aphatha izimpahla zezimali, noma agcina idatha ebucayi kumele anake kakhulu ukuhambisana nomthetho.
Okokugcina, kukhona inselele yokwamukelwa. Nakuba ama-appchain enikeza izinzuzo ezicacile, abasebenzisi abaningi namabhizinisi abakajwayelene nalo mqondo . Imfundo, izindaba zempumelelo, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwamaphrojekthi kuyadingeka ukuze kuboniswe inani lawo langempela futhi kuvinjelwe ukuthi abhekwe njengenye nje imfashini edlulayo ezweni le-crypto.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nama-appchains
Iyini ngempela i-appchain? Iyi-blockchain eyenzelwe futhi yahlelwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza oluthile noma icala lokusetshenziswa. Isebenza ngokuzimela kodwa ngokuvamile ixhumeka kunethiwekhi eyinhloko noma kwezinye izintambo ukuze izuze ukuphepha nokusebenzisana.
I-appchain isebenza kanjani maqondana nochungechunge oluyinhloko? Ukuthengiselana kuyacutshungulwa futhi kuqinisekiswe ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ye-appchain, kusetshenziswa isethi yayo yama-node kanye nendlela yokuvumelana. Ngemva kwalokho, ulwazi oluthile olufanele (njengezimo ezihlanganisiwe noma imiyalezo) lungafakwa kuchungechunge oluyinhloko , lunikeze ukuphepha okwengeziwe futhi luvumele ukuhamba kwezimpahla phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezwa ukusebenzisa ama-appchain uma kuqhathaniswa nenethiwekhi yenhloso ejwayelekile? Ngokuyinhloko, ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukusabalala, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nokusebenzisana . Ngokungabelani ngezinsiza nezinkulungwane zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene, i-appchain inganikeza izimali eziphansi, ukuthengiselana okusheshayo, kanye nemithetho efaneleka kangcono ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okuhlosiwe.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu? Inkinga enkulu ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe nokusebenza : ukuklama, ukuqalisa, nokugcina uchungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza akuyona into encane. Okungeziwe kulokhu yizingozi ezisemabhulohweni phakathi kwamaketanga, ukungaqiniseki kwemithetho, kanye nesidingo sokuheha abasebenzisi abanele kanye nabaqinisekisi ukuze iphrojekthi iqhubeke isikhathi eside.
Ingabe ama-appchain anekusasa? Konke kukhomba ku-yebo. Njengoba i-ecosystem ye-blockchain ikhula, kunengqondo ukuhlukanisa ingqalasizinda ngokohlobo lwesicelo , njengoba nje ezweni lendabuko iseva efanayo ingasetshenziswa kukho konke. Ngamathuluzi athuthukisiwe, amazinga okusebenzisana, kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho, ama-appchain anethuba elikhulu lokuba yingxenye ebalulekile ye-Web3 landscape.
Uma sibheka isithombe sonke, ama-appchain azibeka njengebhuloho phakathi kokuguquguquka okudingwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje kanye nemikhawulo yama-blockchain ajwayelekile . Anikeza inkundla yokudlala lapho ungakhulisa khona, wenze ngezifiso, futhi uzame ngaphandle kokulahla ukuphepha kanye nokusebenzisana okunikezwa yi-ecosystem ebanzi, okwenza kube ngenye yezindlela ezithakazelisa kakhulu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo endaweni yonke ye-blockchain.
