Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sekwenzekile kuwe: isikrini sakho siyayeka ukubonisa isithombe noma siqala ukukhazimula ngendlela exakile, okukwenza uhlanye. Inkinga ngokuvamile akuyona isikrini ngokwaso, kodwa ukuthi ugesi usuphelile , futhi imbangela ngokuvamile iyinto eshibhile kakhulu eyomile noma eqhumile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ujabulela ukulungisa izinto futhi ungesabi ukuvula izinto, ukulungisa lezi zinsiza zikagesi kungaba yinto evuzayo kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, indlela yokuzigcinela imali eningi.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ngekhanda, ake sicacise: sibhekene nogesi, futhi ezimpahleni zamandla ezishintshiwe (SMPS), kunezi -voltage ezingaba yingozi . Akuyona ihlaya. Akunandaba ukuthi idivayisi ayixhunyiwe yini; ama-capacitor amakhulu angagcina ukushaja okwanele ukukunikeza ukushaqeka okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sizohamba igxathu negxathu, kusukela ezindleleni zokuphepha eziyisisekelo kuya kumathiphu ochwepheshe ukuze ukwazi ukwenza i-monitor yakho ibukeke intsha futhi ngaphandle kokuthatha izingozi ezingadingekile.
Ukuqonda ukunikezwa kwamandla: Imodi eqondile noma eshintshiwe?
Ukuze sigweme ukudideka, sidinga kuqala ukuqonda ukuthi sibhekene nani. Izinsiza zikagesi eziqondile ziwuhlobo lwendabuko, lezo ezine- transformer yensimbi esindayo eshisa kakhulu futhi engasebenzi kahle, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuzilungisa. Kodwa-ke, amamonitha esimanje asebenzisa izinsiza zikagesi ezishintshayo. Lezi zilula kakhulu futhi zisebenza kahle ngoba zisebenza ngamaza aphezulu, kodwa izifunda zazo ziyi-labyrinth eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ugesi ojwayelekile we-SMPS uguqula amandla e-AC kusuka odongeni aye ku-DC, uwanyuse, uwashintshe ngesivinini esikhulu usebenzisa i-transistor, bese uwanciphisa nge- transformer encane ye-ferrite ukuze alethe i-voltage eqondile edingwa yi-electronics ye-monitor. Lokhu yinkimbinkimbi kungenza kuzwakale kudida uma ungazi ukuthi ubheke kuphi, kodwa ngokulandela i-oda elinengqondo, noma ubani one-multimeter angaxilonga inkinga.
Ukuphepha kuza kuqala (akukho okuhlukile)
Uma kukhona into eyodwa ongeke uyigweme nhlobo, ukukhipha ama-capacitor. Ungalokothi usebenzise i-screwdriver ukuze ufinyeze ngqo ama-terminal e-capacitor eyinhloko; inhlansi ingalimaza ingxenye noma ikwesabise ngokwanele ukuthi iwise ithuluzi kwenye indawo. Okungcono kakhulu, sebenzisa i- resistor yamandla (isibonelo, i-10kΩ / 5W) cishe imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuze ukhiphe ishaja ngendlela elawulwayo.
Ngaphezu kokukhipha ama-capacitor, ngincoma ukuthi uhlale usebenza endaweni yokuvikela ukushisa. Uma kufanele ulinganise ngesekethe enikwe amandla (okufanele ukugweme uma usaqala), sebenzisa amathuluzi okuvikela ukushisa bese uzama ukusebenzisa isandla esisodwa kuphela ukuvimbela ukuthi ugesi ungadluli esifubeni sakho. Ungakhohlwa ukususa noma yiziphi izindandatho zensimbi noma amasongo, njengoba lokhu kuyizibuthe zesekethe ezimfushane.
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo: isinyathelo sokuqala esikhulu
Ngezinye izikhathi awudingi ngisho nokuvula i-multimeter ngoba inkinga ikhona lapho phambi kwakho. Into yokuqala okufanele uyibheke ama-capacitor e-electrolytic aqhumayo . Uma ubona ukuthi ingxenye ephezulu ye-aluminium iqhuma noma ukuthi kukhona uhlobo loqweqwe olunsundu (i-electrolyte evuzayo) esisekelweni, usuyitholile imbangela. Ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu ezimpahleni zikagesi ze-monitor.
Kodwa ungagxili nje kuma-capacitor. Bheka ama-resistor; uma kukhona amnyama noma anephunga elibi, kungenzeka ukuthi agcwele ngokweqile. Futhi, hlola ama-solder joints abandayo , okuyiwona maphuzu e-solder abonakala engacacile noma anomfantu ojikelezayo ozungeze i-lead yengxenye—inkinga evamile ngenxa yemijikelezo yokushisa nokupholisa yedivayisi.
Ukuxilongwa kukagesi ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uma konke kubukeka kulungile, sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa i-multimeter. Sizoqala nge-fuse. Uma ivuthelwe, ungayishintshi nje, ngoba ama-fuse awavutheli ngaphandle kwesizathu; kuyisibonakaliso se- short circuit enkulu ndawana thile. Uma i-fuse ilungile kodwa kungekho ukuphuma kwe-voltage, inkinga ingaba sebhulohweni lokulungisa noma kwi-starter circuit.
- Ibhuloho Lokulungisa Izinto: Hlola ama-diode kumodi yokuhlola ama-diode. Uma ehamba ngazo zombili izinhlangothi, ayafinyezwa futhi adinga ukushintshwa.
- I-Capacitor Eyinhloko: Linganisa umthamo wayo. Uma inenani eliphansi kakhulu kunenani elijwayelekile, noma ngabe ayivuvukile, ingase yome futhi ingahlungi kahle ugesi.
- Ama-transistors e-MOSFET: Yibo abenza umsebenzi ongcolile wokushintsha. Uma i-MOSFET ingekho phakathi kwe-Drain ne-Source, ugesi ngeke uqale noma uzoqhumisa i-fuse ngokushesha.
- Ama-Optocouplers: Lezi zingxenye ezincane zithwala isignali yempendulo kusukela ohlangothini lwesibili kuya kolwesibili. Uma zehluleka, i-voltage yokukhipha ingaphela noma inyamalale.
Inkinga yama-capacitor kanye ne-ESR
Yilapho abantu abaningi bephambuka khona. Ungalinganisa amandla e-capacitor futhi i-multimeter ingakutshela ukuthi iphelele, kodwa ingxenye ingase isahluleka. Lokhu kungenxa ye- Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-capacitor kuyanda, futhi yize igcina ishaja, ayisakwazi ukuyiletha ngokushesha.
Ukuze ulungise lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa imitha ye-ESR ekhethekile. Uma ubona ukufundwa okuphezulu, shintsha i-capacitor. Ithiphu yegolide: uma eyodwa yehlulekile, shintsha wonke ama-capacitor e-electrolytic asemthonjeni wamandla. Ngamasenti ambalwa nje, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-monitor yakho ayiphinde ife ezinyangeni ezintathu ngoba i-capacitor eseduze nayo yayisondela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sayo sokuphila. Njalo funa ezinye ezilinganiselwe ku-105°C kanye ne-impedance ephansi (i-Low ESR).
Amaqhinga athuthukisiwe okulungisa okuphephile
Uma usuzihlanganisile izingxenye ezintsha futhi usukulungele ukuvutha, ungaxhumi ugesi ngqo kusokhethi lodonga. Sebenzisa iqhinga lochungechunge lwebhalbhu yokukhanya . Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka isibani sokukhanya esikhanyayo (isibani se-filament esidala) ochungechungeni nogesi. Uma kukhona i-short circuit oyiphuthele, isibani sizokhanya kakhulu, sinciphise ugesi futhi sivimbele izingxenye ezintsha ukuthi zingaqhumi futhi.
Uma isibani sikhanya isikhashana bese sicisha noma sikhanya kalufifi kakhulu, konke kuhamba kahle. Uma sihlala sikhanya, nqamula konke ngokushesha! Usene-short circuit. Uma usuphumelele kulolu vivinyo, ungalinganisa i-voltage yokuphuma nge-multimeter ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingaphakathi kuka- 5% wenani elijwayelekile.
Isifinyezo sezingxenye kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni
Ukuze ugweme ukudideka ngokushintshwa, khumbula ukuthi ungaba nesandla esivulekile nge-voltage: ungafaka i-capacitor engu-400V lapho kwakukhona engu-250V futhi akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka, kodwa ungalokothi usebenzise ene-voltage ephansi ngoba izoqhuma. Ngokuphathelene ne-capacitance (µF), zama ukugcina inani lokuqala noma ulikhuphule kancane (ubuningi obungu-20%), njengoba i-capacitance eningi kakhulu ingathinta ukuzinza kwesekethe yokulawula.
Uma kukhulunywa ngama-semiconductor, hlola njalo ishidi ledatha lengxenye yokuqala. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola i-MOSFET noma i-Schottky diode efanayo, funa eyodwa engaphatha ugesi kanye ne-voltage efanayo noma ephezulu . Ungakhohlwa ukufaka ungqimba oluhle lwe-thermal paste bese usebenzisa ama-mica insulators uma ingxenye ifakwe ku-heatsink ejwayelekile, ukuvimbela i-casing yensimbi ukuthi ingabangeli i-short circuit engazelelwe.
Ukubuyisela ugesi kudinga indlela ehlelekile eqala ngokuphepha okuphelele nokukhipha noma yimaphi amandla agciniwe, iqhubekela phambili ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo kwama-capacitor kanye nama-solder joints, futhi iphetha ngokulinganisa okunembile kukagesi kwama-diode nama-transistors. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo asisikho ekushintsheni izingxenye ngokungahleliwe, kodwa ekuboneni imbangela yenkinga, okungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anjengemitha ye-ESR kanye nesibani sochungechunge ukuvikela isekethe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imishini ithola ukuzinza kwayo kokusebenza ngaphandle kwengozi.