Iyini i-FTTH, isebenza kanjani, futhi kungani iyi-fiber optic engcono kakhulu?

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Iyini i-FTTH, isebenza kanjani, futhi kungani iyi-fiber optic engcono kakhulu?

Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi lawo ma-initials e-FTTH asho ukuthini uma evela ezipeshelini ze-fiber optic , awuwedwa. Yigama elivame ukusetshenziswa opharetha, kodwa alichazwa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi lisho ukuthini, lisebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani libaluleke kangaka ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali.

Kule migqa elandelayo, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele ochaza kahle ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-FTTH buyini, busetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi yini ebuhlukanisa nezinye izindlela zokufinyelela i-inthanethi njenge-HFC, FTTN, noma i-FTTC. Sizoyichaza ngokucacile, ngaphandle kolimi lobuchwepheshe olungadingekile, kodwa ngaphandle kokushiya noma yimiphi imininingwane efanele ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi uthola ini uma ubhalisela "i-fiber to the home."

Kuyini i-FTTH futhi kusho ukuthini ngempela?

Isifinyezo esithi FTTH simelela i-Fiber To The Home . Luhlobo lwenethiwekhi yokufinyelela lapho umqhubi efaka khona ikhebula le-fiber optic eliqhubekayo lisuka ehhovisi lalo eliphakathi ngqo ekhaya lomsebenzisi, ngaphandle kwezingxenye eziphakathi zekhebula lethusi noma le-coaxial.

Uma sikhuluma nge-FTTH, asibhekiseli nje kuphela emishinini yokudlulisa, kodwa nasekwakhekeni okuphelele kwezokuxhumana okuletha ikhebula le-fiber optic ngqo ekhaya lakho . Lokhu kusho ukuthi isigaba esixhumanisa ihhovisi eliphakathi le-Internet Service Provider (ISP) ne-router yakho sisebenza kahle kakhulu, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokugcwele amandla e-fiber.

Ukudideka kuvame ukuvela ngoba igama elithi "fiber optic" lisetshenziswa kabanzi ngisho noma ingxenye yokugcina ingeyona i-FTTH ngempela . Ukuze ukufakwa kubhekwe njenge-FTTH yangempela, i-fiber kumele ifinyelele okungenani i-PTR yomsebenzisi (indawo yokuphela kwenethiwekhi) ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakhe; uma ima egumbini lokuxhumana lesakhiwo noma ebhokisini lokuxhumanisa langaphandle, kungaba ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile be-FTTx.

Amanethiwekhi okufinyelela e-FTTH anamuhla asebenzisa kakhulu i-fiber yemodi eyodwa yezinhlobo ze-G.652D kanye ne-G.657A1/A2 , eklanyelwe ukumelana nokugoba okuqinile ekufakweni kwangaphakathi. Izixhumi ezivame ukutholakala ezingodweni zodonga kanye nemishini yomsebenzisi ziwuhlobo lwe-SC/APC olune-engile yokupholisha , okunciphisa ukubonakaliswa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokukhanya.

Isetshenziselwani ubuchwepheshe be-FTTH?

Inhloso ye-FTTH ukunikeza uxhumano lwe-broadband oluzinzile olunesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, esizinzile kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi ngqo ekhaya noma emahhovisi amancane, nokuqonda ukuthi i-fiber optics yenzelwe ini.

Empeleni, ukuba nomugqa we-FTTH kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukuxhumana okungu-300 Mb, 600 Mb, 1 Gb noma ngaphezulu , okungenzeka ukuthi kube nokulingana (isivinini sokulanda nokulayisha esifanayo) kuye ngobuchwepheshe be-PON kanye nephrofayili yezentengiselwano yomqhubi.

Ngenxa yaleli khono, ukulanda nokulayisha amafayela amakhulu kwenziwa ngemizuzwana embalwa , ukusakaza kwe-4K noma i-8K kusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, futhi izingcingo zevidiyo zihlala zibushelelezi ngisho noma amadivayisi amaningana esebenzisa inethiwekhi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

I-FTTH inenzuzo ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni okujulile njengokudlala imidlalo eku-inthanethi, ukusebenza kude, ukufunda ibanga, ukwenza ama-backups e-cloud, noma izinsizakalo zevidiyo ezifunwayo . Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nokuzinza kwesignali kubalulekile ukuze le misebenzi ihambe kahle ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okucasulayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqalasizinda ye-fiber-to-the-home ilungiselelwe ukusekela ukukhula kwezinsizakalo ezifana ne- Internet of Things (IoT), i-augmented reality, i-virtual reality, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi esizayo ezidinga idatha eningi , okwenza kube utshalomali oluqinile lwesikhathi eside lwamakhaya namabhizinisi.

Indlela inethiwekhi ye-FTTH esebenza ngayo ngaphakathi

Inethiwekhi evamile ye-FTTH isekelwe kusakhiwo se-PON (Passive Optical Network) , yize kukhona nezinhlobo ezisebenzayo. Isichasiso esithi "passive" sibonisa ukuthi ayikho imishini kagesi phakathi kwehhovisi eliphakathi nomsebenzisi edinga amandla kagesi; kuphela izinto ezibonakalayo ezifana nefayibha uqobo kanye nezihlukanisi.

Ihhovisi eliphakathi lomqhubi ligcina i -OLT (Optical Line Terminal) , imishini eqoqa futhi iphathe izinkulungwane zemigqa ye-optical. Kusukela ku-port ngayinye ye-OLT, i-trunk fiber idlula kunethiwekhi ye-feeder iye endaweni yokuqala yokusabalalisa lapho kufakwa khona i-optical splitter.

Lawa ma-splitter, aziwa ngokuthi ama-splitter angasebenzi , asabalalisa isignali efika nge-fiber eyodwa ibe yimiphumela eminingana (isibonelo, 1:16, 1:32, noma 1:64). Kuye ngokuthi ukukhanya kuhamba kanjani, i-splitter ingahlanganisa izimpawu eziningana ibe yi-fiber eyodwa noma ihlukanise isignali engenayo ibe yi-fiber eminingana eya kubasebenzisi abahlukene.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-fiber iyaqhubeka ngenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa , kancane kancane isondela ezindaweni zokuhlala. Emakhabetheni, emabhokisini okusabalalisa, noma kuma-ODF (Optical Distribution Frames), inethiwekhi ihlukaniswe ngamakhebula amancane afinyelela emabhulokini edolobha, emasangweni okwakha, noma ezigxotsheni zezinsiza, kuye ngokuthi amakhasimende amaningi kangakanani kanye nohlobo lokufakwa (ngaphansi komhlaba noma emoyeni).

Ingxenye yokugcina ibizwa ngokuthi ukufinyelela kwababhalisile futhi iqala endaweni yokuxhumana eseduze (ibhokisi elisebusweni, epalini, ekamelweni lokuxhumana, njll.) iye ku-ONT yekhasimende. Ezakhiweni zamafulethi, ibhokisi elivamile le-optical livame ukufakwa, lapho imicu ngayinye igijima khona iye esitezi ngasinye; ezindaweni ezinezindlu zomndeni owodwa, ukufakwa kwezintambo ezingenhla kusuka epalini kuya endlini kuvamile.

Ngaphakathi kwekhaya, kufakwa isokhethi elibonakalayo noma i-outlet yodonga lapho ikhebula liphela khona bese kuxhunywe i- ONT (Optical Network Terminal) noma i-ONU . Le divayisi iguqula isignali ekhanyayo ibe isignali kagesi ye-Ethernet. Le ONT, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-modem ye-fiber optic , ivame ukuhambisana ne-router ye-Wi-Fi, ngezinye izikhathi ehlanganiswe kudivayisi efanayo, esabalalisa uxhumano kuwo wonke amadivayisi.

Izindinganiso ze-FTTH ezisakazeke kakhulu namuhla yi -GPON (Gigabit PON) , enikeza isivinini esabiwe esifinyelela ku-2,5 Gbit/s phansi kanye ne-1,25 Gbit/s phezulu nge-OLT port ngayinye, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwayo yi-XG-PON kanye ne-XGS-PON , ekwazi ukufinyelela ku-10 Gbit/s (esilinganayo esimweni se-XGS-PON). Lezi zinhlelo zingahlala ndawonye engqalasizinda efanayo ye-fiber optic zisebenzisa amaza obubanzi ahlukene kanye nama-splitter ahambisanayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-FTTH: i-PON, i-AON kanye ne-topology yenethiwekhi

Ngaphakathi komqondo ojwayelekile we-FTTH, kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlela inethiwekhi. Evame kakhulu inethiwekhi ye-PON esekelwe kuma-splitter e-optical angasebenzi , lapho i-trunk fiber eyodwa yabelwana khona phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaningi. Le ndlela inciphisa inani lezintambo ezidingekayo futhi isabalalisa izindleko zengqalasizinda.

Kunethiwekhi ye-PON, i-splitter ingafakwa ngendlela ephakathi noma esakazwayo . Isincomo esivamile ukubeka izinto ezingasebenzi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nekhasimende lokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwefayibha yokusabalalisa, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kutholakale inethiwekhi enwebekayo uma kudingeka ukwandisa ukumbozwa ezindaweni zokukhula kwamadolobha.

Eceleni kwe-PON, kukhona i-AON ehlukile ( i-Active Optical Network ), esebenzisa imishini esebenzayo njengezinguquko noma ama-router aphakathi ukusabalalisa isignali. Le modeli ivumela amasekethe azinikele kanye nokuphathwa okune-granular, kodwa idinga amandla nokugcinwa ezindaweni eziningi kunethiwekhi, okwenza kube yinto engavamile ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinkulu.

Kukhona futhi ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi okuqondile , lapho ubhalisile ngamunye enezintambo ezizinikele eyodwa noma ezimbili ezivela ehhovisi eliphakathi, ngaphandle kokwabelana ngendlela ebonakalayo nabanye abasebenzisi. Lesi sixazululo sinikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu, kodwa sidinga izintambo ezinenani eliphezulu kakhulu lezintambo kanye nama-emitter amaningi e-laser emishinini yehhovisi eliphakathi, okwandisa izindleko zokuthunyelwa.

Amanethiwekhi e-FTTH avame ukuhlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokombono womklamo:

• I-feeder noma isiquIngxenye ephakathi kwehhovisi eliphakathi (noma i-Central Switch Point) kanye ne-splitter yokuqala eyinhloko noma i-ODF. Kumelwe ivumele imicu eminingi ukuthi ikwazi ukwamukela opharetha abaningi noma ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene be-PON engqalasizinda efanayo.
• UkusatshalaliswaLesi yisixhumanisi phakathi komgogodla nendawo yokugcina yokusabalalisa, lapho imicu ngayinye izosakazeka khona iye kumakhasimende ngamunye. Inhloso lapha ukuletha amabhokisi okusabalalisa eduze kwezindawo zababhalisile, kuthuthukisa ubude bekhebula.
• Ukufinyelela kwababhalisileIngxenye yokugcina phakathi kwendawo ye-ONT ekhaya lekhasimende nendawo yokuxhumanisa nenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa (induku, ibhokisi eliseceleni kobuso, igumbi lobuchwepheshe lesakhiwo, njll.). Kungaba ngaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphezulu kuye ngendawo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-FTTx obuhlobene ne-FTTH

I-FTTH iyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu owaziwa ngokuthi i-FTTx (“I-Fiber To The x”) , lapho u-“x” emelela khona iphuzu lapho i-optical fiber ifinyelela khona ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe olunye uhlobo lwezintambo.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-FTTx esizitholayo:

• I-FTTC (I-Fiber Kuya KuKhabhinethi)Ikhebula le-fiber optic ligijimela ekhabhinethini noma edokodweni eliseduze nomsebenzisi, ngokuvamile eliqhele ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka lapho. Ukusuka kulelo khabhinethi kuya ekhaya, kusetshenziswa ithusi (ipheya lethusi noma ikhebula le-coaxial). Lokhu kuvamile ezindaweni eziningi zokufakwa kwe-VDSL.
• I-FTTN (I-Fiber Kuya Ku-Node)Ikhebula le-fiber optic lifinyelela i-node yenethiwekhi etholakala kude nekhaya (ngokuvamile ingaphezu kwamamitha angu-300), futhi ukusuka lapho liqhubeka ngethusi. Ngokwengqondo lifana ne-FTTC, kodwa linengxenye ende yethusi.
• I-FTTB (I-Fiber Iya Esakhiweni)Ikhebula le-fiber optic lifika esakhiweni, ngokuvamile egumbini lokuxhumana, futhi kusukela lapho kuya endlini ngayinye, kusetshenziswa ithusi, i-twisted pair, noma izixazululo ze-hybrid. Kuyintuthuko kune-ADSL emsulwa, kodwa ayinikezi ukusebenza okufanayo ne-FTTH yangempela.

Kuzo zonke lezi zinketho, ubuchwepheshe be-FTTH bubhekwa njengobuthuthuke kakhulu futhi obuphelele ngoba ikhebula le-fiber optic lifinyelela ngaphakathi kwekhaya lomsebenzisi, lisusa ukugijima kwekhebula lokugcina lethusi noma le-coaxial elikhawulela isivinini kanye nokuqina. Ukuze uliqhathanise nezinye ubuchwepheshe ezifana ne-ADSL, bheka umehluko phakathi kwe-fiber optic ne-ADSL.

Kukhona ngisho nomqondo ophambene obizwa nge -FTTH (Fiber From The Home) , lapho umqondo uwukuthi abasebenzisi bangabanikazi bekhebula le-fiber optic beshiya amakhaya abo bese benquma ukuthi bazolixhuma kanjani nokuthi bazolixhuma nobani, esikhundleni saleyo ngqalasizinda engeye-opharetha ngokuphelele. Kuyindlela engasabalali kangako, kodwa ikhombisa ukuthi imodeli ingathuthuka kangakanani.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-FTTH ne-HFC

Omunye umthombo ovamile wokudideka ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe -FTTH ne-HFC (i-Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) . Zombili lezi zobuchwepheshe zivame ukudayiswa njenge-"fiber," kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo akufani.

Kunethiwekhi ye-HFC, umgogodla kanye nenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa isebenzisa ikhebula le-fiber optic kuze kufike kuma-node athile , futhi ingxenye yokugcina esuka kulawo ma-node iye ekhaya yenziwa kusetshenziswa ikhebula le-coaxial , elifana nalelo elisetshenziswa kuthelevishini yekhebula. Izindinganiso ezifana ne-DOCSIS zisetshenziswa ngale khebula le-coaxial ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, nge-FTTH, i -optical fiber ihamba lonke ibanga ukusuka ehhovisi eliphakathi kuya ku-router yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kokushintsha imidiya ebonakalayo. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni okuphansi, ukuphazamiseka okuncane, kanye nokulula okukhulu ekunikezeni i-bandwidth elinganayo.

Umehluko omkhulu osebenzayo ukuthi i-FTTH ivumela isivinini esiphezulu, ukuzinza okukhulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, kanye nokuxhumeka okulinganayo ngempela kune-HFC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ingathembeli endaweni kagesi esigabeni sokugcina, ukuxhumana kuvikelekile kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle kanye nomsindo wekhebula le-coaxial.

Ngakho-ke, uma umqhubi ekhangisa "i-fiber," kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo buyi -FTTH noma i-HFC emsulwa . Ezimakethe eziningi, ukufuduka kancane kancane kusuka kumanethiwekhi e-HFC kuya ku-FTTH kuyaqhubeka ukuze kuqhubeke nokwandisa isivinini nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

Izinzuzo ze-FTTH noma i-fiber ekhaya

Amanethiwekhi e-FTTH ahlanganisa ndawonye isethi yezinzuzo eziye zawenza abe yisilinganiso se -broadband ezinzile yesizukulwane esilandelayo emazweni amaningi.

Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, inzuzo esobala kakhulu isivinini sokuxhuma . Ngokusebenzisa i-fiber optics kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, inethiwekhi inganikeza isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, ngokulandelana kwama-gigabits amaningana ngomzuzwana, futhi iwagcine njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuvumela ukulanda nokulayisha amafayela amakhulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokulinda , into engacabangeki ngobuchwepheshe obusekelwe ethusi.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka . I-fiber optics ayithinteki ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic futhi ayithinteki kakhulu yizimo zezulu ezimbi kunezintambo zendabuko. Umphumela uba inethiwekhi ezinzile kakhudlwana, enokuphazamiseka okuncane kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane kokubili isivinini kanye nokubambezeleka.

Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kungenye yamandla e-FTTH. Ukudluliselwa kwe-fiber optic kuletha ukubambezeleka okuncane kakhulu, okuzuzisa imisebenzi ethinta isikhathi njengokudlala ku-inthanethi, izingcingo zevidiyo zomsebenzi, i-virtual reality, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula kude.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanethiwekhi e-FTTH asekela kalula amadivayisi amaningi axhuma ngasikhathi sinye ekhaya noma ebhizinisini elifanayo ngaphandle kokugcwala ngokweqile. Ububanzi be-bandwidth kanye nomthamo wengqalasizinda otholakalayo kuvumela imindeni emikhulu noma amabhizinisi anamadivayisi amaningi aku-inthanethi ukuthi asebenze ngokujwayelekile.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwenethiwekhi yangaphandle ye-FTTH akufanele kunganakwa . Ngenxa yokuthi kuyisakhiwo esingasebenzi phakathi kwehhovisi eliphakathi nomsebenzisi, akukho mishini esebenzayo edingekayo endleleni, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye namathuba okwehluleka okuhlobene nokunikezwa kwamandla noma ama-electronics aphakathi.

Okokugcina, ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-FTTH kuyisiqinisekiso sesikhathi esizayo: ngezintambo zefayibha ezifanayo kanye nezihlukanisi, isivinini singathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokuthuthukisa imishini ye-headend (OLT) kanye neyomsebenzisi (ONT) kumazinga amasha e-PON. Kuyipulatifomu ekwazi ukukhuliswa kakhulu, elungele amashumi eminyaka ezayo.

Izinkinga kanye nokulinganiselwa kwefayibha ekhaya

Nakuba i-FTTH iyisisombululo esiphelele kakhulu ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, iphinde iveze ezinye izinkinga nezinselele okufanele zicatshangelwe.

Okokuqala kwalokhu izindleko zokufakwa nokufakwa . Ukuletha ikhebula le-fiber optic kuyo yonke imizi kudinga imisebenzi yokwakha, amapayipi, amakhebula, amabhokisi okusabalalisa, kanye nokungenelela kochwepheshe abangochwepheshe. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwabasebenzi kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa kabusha amabhangqa ethusi akhona.

Lokhu kuholela ekumbozweni okungalingani . Nakuba i-FTTH isakazeke kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni amakhulu, izindawo zasemakhaya noma ezinabantu abambalwa zisantula ukumbozwa, futhi ezimweni eziningi i-ADSL, izixhumanisi zomsakazo, noma obunye ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile zisasetshenziswa kuze kufike ukuthunyelwa kwe-fiber optic.

Ukufakwa ngokwakho ekhaya kungaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuxhuma nje i-copper pair. Ikhebula le-fiber optic lidinga ukuqhutshwa kusokhethi ye-optical , kudingeka kutholakale imigudu efanele, kungase kudingeke kuphambane izindonga noma uphahla lwamanga, futhi ezakhiweni zamafulethi, kungadingeka ukusebenzisana nezakhamuzi noma ukuzivumelanisa nengqalasizinda ye-ICT yesakhiwo.

Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuncika emandleni kumakhasimende . Azikho izinto zikagesi ezisebenzayo kunethiwekhi yangaphandle, kodwa i-ONT kanye ne-router yomsebenzisi kudinga amandla. Uma amandla ephela ekhaya, ukuxhumana kuyalahleka ngaphandle kokuthi kutholakale izinto zamandla ezingenakunqamuka (i-UPS) zendawo.

Kodwa-ke, kwabaningi babasebenzisi, izinzuzo ze-FTTH zidlula kakhulu lezi zingqinamba , yingakho abalawuli nabaqhubi beyikhuthaza njengobuchwepheshe obukhethwayo ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi.

Indlela yokunciphisa nokufaka uxhumano lwe-FTTH

Ngokombono womsebenzisi, ukushintsha kusuka ku-ADSL noma i-HFC uye kulayini we-FTTH ngokuvamile kuyinqubo elula impela , yize ngemuva kwezigcawu kuhilela izinguquko ezinkulu engqalasizinda.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukumbozwa kwe-FTTH endaweni yakini . Lokhu kungenziwa kumawebhusayithi ezinkampani ezahlukene ngokufaka ikheli lakho, noma ngokufonela iziteshi zabo zesevisi yamakhasimende. Emazweni amaningi, abalawuli bashicilela izibalo zokuthunyelwa ezinemininingwane eminingi.

Uma ukumbozwa sekuqinisekisiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokukhetha Umhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-inthanethi (i-ISP) kanye nohlelo lwe-fiber optic olufanela izidingo zakho ngokuya ngesivinini, ukulingana, kanye nentengo. Kunconywa ukuthi uqhathanise okunikezwayo futhi ubheke umhlahlandlela ophelele wezinsizakalo ze-ADSL, i-fiber optic, kanye nezingcingo , unaka kakhulu ukuthi uxhumano luyi-FTTH yangempela noma lusebenzisa obunye ubuchwepheshe be-FTTx.

Uma ubhalisa, umqhubi uhlela ukuvakasha kochwepheshe ukuze enze ukufakwa . Lo chwepheshe uzosebenzisa ikhebula le-fiber optic kusukela ebhokisini lokuhlangana komgwaqo, i-facade yesakhiwo, noma igumbi lokuxhumana liye ekhaya lakho, lapho bezofaka khona i-optical wall outlet, i-ONT, kanye ne-router.

Ngemva kokufakwa okungokoqobo, udinga ukumisa inethiwekhi yasekhaya : xhuma amakhompyutha ngekhebula le-Ethernet, lungisa inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, shintsha iphasiwedi, hlola ukumbozwa okungenantambo kuwo wonke amakamelo, njll. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, wonke amadivayisi asekhaya azoxhuma kwi-inthanethi ngenethiwekhi entsha ye-FTTH.

Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, ezimweni eziningi ukufakwa kuqedwa emahoreni ambalwa nje ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuncane. Nokho, ukuthuthuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphequlula kuvame ukubonakala kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ukubaluleka kwe-FTTH emhlabeni wanamuhla kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe

Esimweni lapho ukusebenza ngocingo, ukuqeqeshwa ku-inthanethi, ukusakaza kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu sekuyinto evamile, ukuba noxhumano oluhle lwe-FTTH kwenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yansuku zonke.

Labo abasebenza ekhaya kudingeka balayishe futhi balande idatha eminingi, baqhube izingqungquthela zevidiyo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi bafinyelele izinsiza ezikude ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kubo, ukuzinza kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi kwe-fiber ekhaya kubalulekile ekugcineni umkhiqizo.

Emkhakheni wezemfundo, ukwanda kwamapulatifomu okufunda nge-inthanethi kanye namakilasi asebenza nge-inthanethi kusho ukuthi abafundi bathembele ekuxhumaneni okusheshayo nokuthembekile ukuze bafinyelele okuqukethwe, bathumele izabelo, noma baye emihlanganweni ebukhoma . I-FTTH isiza ukwenza lolo lwazi lube lula futhi lufinyeleleke kalula.

Ukuzijabulisa kwedijithali nakho kuyazuzisa kakhulu: izinsizakalo zevidiyo ezifunwayo, amapulatifomu okusakaza i-4K, imidlalo yabadlali abaningi yesikhathi sangempela, kanye namanethiwekhi omphakathi adinga kakhulu i-bandwidth eyengeziwe kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo. I-Fiber eya ekhaya ivumela konke lokhu ukuthi kwenzeke ngesikhathi esisodwa endlini efanayo.

Enye insimu ekhula ngokushesha yi -automation yasekhaya namadivayisi axhunyiwe : amakhamera okuphepha e-IP, abasizi bezwi, ama-thermostat ahlakaniphile, izinzwa, kanye nezinto zikagesi ezixhunyiwe. Konke lokhu kuncike ekuxhumekeni okuzinzile, kwekhwalithi ephezulu okunganikezwa yi-FTTH kalula.

Emhlabeni jikelele, amazwe amaningi atshale imali eningi ku-fiber ekhaya. INingizimu Korea neJapan zijabulele amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okungena kwe-broadband kanye ne-FTTH iminyaka eminingi , ziqhutshwa izinhlelo zikahulumeni ezizimisele kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okuvela kubaqhubi abafana ne-NTT kanye nabanye abadlali bendawo.

EYurophu, eFrance, eNetherlands, e-United Kingdom, kanye namazwe aseNordic bebelokhu bekhulisa ukuthunyelwa kwabo kwe-FTTH, behlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzimele nezinhlaka zomthetho ezikhuthaza ukwabelana ngengqalasizinda kanye nokuncintisana phakathi kwabaqhubi.

ELatin America, amazwe afana neMexico, i-Argentina, iBrazil, iChile, iColombia, i-Ecuador, iParaguay, iPeru, ne-Uruguay aye andisa kancane kancane amanethiwekhi awo e-fiber optic, kokubili ngabasebenzi asebevele besebenza kanye namabhizinisi amasha kanye nama-cooperative akhethe i-FTTH ukuthi inikeze izinsizakalo ze-inthanethi ezithuthukisiwe, ithelevishini kanye nezingcingo.

ESpain, kube nokuqhubekela phambili kwangempela eminyakeni embalwa nje: Imigqa ye-FTTH idlula kakhulu ukuxhumana kwe-ADSL , okusobala ukuthi kuyehla, futhi ukuthunyelwa kuyaqhubeka nokusabalala komasipala abancane nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, okusheshiswa ngokwengxenye ukwanda kokusebenza ngocingo kanye nezinhlelo zomphakathi zokunciphisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali.

Konke lokhu kuthuthukiswa kusiza i-fiber emakhaya ukuthi ifake isandla ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya , okuvumela abantu abangaxhumene ngokwesiko ukuthi bajabulele ukuxhumana kwekhwalithi ephezulu okufana nokwamadolobha amakhulu.

Ukufakwa kwezinsimbi kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe ze-FTTH

Ngemuva kokusebenza kwansuku zonke kokuxhumeka kwe-FTTH kulele uchungechunge oluphelele lwemisebenzi yokuklama, yokufaka, yokulinganisa kanye neyokulungisa edinga amathuluzi athile kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi ihlangabezana namapharamitha adingekayo, kusetshenziswa ama-analyzer e-FTTH kanye nemishini yokulinganisa i-optical enembile . Lawa madivayisi ayakwazi ukuqinisekisa amandla esignali, ukunciphisa i-fiber, ikhwalithi yokuguquguquka, kanye namapharamitha afana ne-MER (Modulation Error Ratio), i-BER (Bit Error Rate), izinga lesimboli, njll.

Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama, kuhlaziywa izici ezifana nenani eliphezulu lama-splitter, ubude benethiwekhi iyonke, amamajini wamandla , kanye nokuba khona kobuchwepheshe obuhlukene be-PON ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda efanayo ye-fiber optic. Zonke lezi zinto zithonya ikhwalithi yokugcina yesevisi umsebenzisi azoyithola.

Ukuhlela kahle ingqalasizinda engenzi lutho nakho kubalulekile : ukuthi ungawatholaphi ama-ODF, uhlobo luni lwamabhokisi okusabalalisa okufanele uwasebenzise kuye ngobuningi bamakhasimende, ukuthi ukhetha izixazululo ezifakwe odongeni, ezifakwe phansi noma ezifakwe ezinsikeni, nokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani inethiwekhi ukuze inwetshwe esikhathini esizayo ngaphandle kokwenza kabusha imisebenzi yokwakha.

Uma isisebenza, inethiwekhi idinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuze kutholakale ukonakala kwesignali okungenzeka, ukuphuka kwefayibha, izinkinga zokuxhuma noma izixhumi, kanye nokwenza isinyathelo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba zithinte inani elikhulu labasebenzisi. Ukuqapha kude kusuka kumapulatifomu okuphatha opharetha kubalulekile kulesi sigaba.

Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani i-FTTH isisunguliwe njengendlela ethuthuke kakhulu yokufinyelela i-inthanethi engaguquki: ihlanganisa isivinini esikhulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, ukuzinza, ukuguquguquka kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla , futhi isekelwa yingqalasizinda, uma iklanywe kahle, engahlangabezana nezidingo zedijithali ezikhulayo zamakhaya namabhizinisi iminyaka eminingi.