Siyakwamukela kulesi sihloko esiphelele nge-Java! Uma unentshisekelo ekuhleleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware, kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile nge-Java izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi iyini i-Java, izici zayo eziyinhloko, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani idume kakhulu embonini yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Sizophinda siphendule imibuzo evame ukubuzwa futhi sikunikeze izinsiza ezengeziwe ukukusiza uqhubeke nokufunda. Ake siqale!
Isingeniso seJava kanye Nokubaluleka kwayo Ekuhleleni
Java Ulimi lwezinhlelo olusezingeni eliphezulu, olugxile entweni futhi ngokuvamile lubhekwa njengolunye oludume kakhulu nolusetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe. Yasungulwa nguJames Gosling nethimba lakhe kwa-Sun Microsystems ngeminyaka yawo-1990, futhi isithole ukuduma okusabalele ngenxa yokuguquguquka nokuphatheka kwayo.
Ulimi lohlelo lwe-Java lusekelwe emcabangweni othi "Bhala Kanye, Run Anywhere", okusho ukuthi ikhodi ye-Java ingasebenza kunoma iyiphi idivayisi noma inkundla enomshini obonakalayo we-Java (JVM) ofakiwe. Lesi sici senze i-Java yasetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezihlukene, kusukela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu kuya kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezinsizakalo zewebhu.
I-Java yaziwa ngokugxila ekubalula kwekhodi nasekufundekeni. Idizayinelwe ukuthi ibe lula ukuyiqonda nokuyibhala, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kulabo abasanda kuqala ezinhlelweni. Ukwengeza, i-Java inenani elikhulu lemitapo yolwazi namathuluzi enza ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kube lula, okuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo konjiniyela abangochwepheshe.
Izici ezibalulekile ze-Java
I-Java inezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile eziyehlukanisa kwezinye izilimi zokuhlela. Lezi zici zinomthelela ekudumeni kwayo nasekusetshenzisweni okubanzi embonini. Okulandelayo, sizohlola ezinye zezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Java:
1. I-Object Oriented
I-Java iwulimi lokuhlela olugxile entweni, okusho ukuthi lusekelwe kumqondo wezinto namakilasi. Izinto izinhlangano ezihlanganisa idatha nezindlela ezihlobene, kuyilapho amakilasi eyizifanekiso zokudala izinto. Le ndlela yokuhlela isiza ukuhlela nokuhlela ikhodi kahle, ikwenze kube lula ukuyinakekela nokuphinda isetshenziswe.
2. Ukuphatheka kanye ne-Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Java amandla ayo okusebenza kumapulatifomu ahlukene ngaphandle kokudinga izinguquko kukhodi yomthombo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-Java Virtual Machine (JVM), esebenza njengesendlalelo esikhiphayo phakathi kwekhodi ye-Java kanye nesistimu yokusebenza engaphansi. Ikhodi ye-Java ihlanganiswa ibe ifomethi ekhethekile ebizwa nge-bytecode, engahunyushwa futhi yenziwe yi-JVM kunoma iyiphi inkundla esekelwe.
3. Iqoqo le-Garbage
I-Java ihlanganisa isistimu yokuqoqa udoti enesibopho sokuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo inkumbulo esetshenziswa izinto. Umqoqi kadoti ukhomba ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi asuse izinto ezingasasetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela akhulule inkumbulo ehlala kuzo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga zokuphatha inkumbulo ezivamile njengokuvuza kwenkumbulo kanye nenkohlakalo yohlelo.
4. Ukuphepha
I-Java inomumo wezokuphepha oqinile, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphatha ulwazi olubucayi noma ezisebenzisa ikhodi engaba yingozi. I-Java isebenzisa imodeli yokuphepha eqinile evikela isistimu nabasebenzisi ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ezifana namagciwane nokuhlasela okunonya.
5. Ukusebenza Nempumelelo
Nakuba i-Java iwulimi oluhunyushwayo, izuze ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle ngenxa yamasu afana ne-Just-In-Time Compilation kanye nokwenza kahle kwekhodi. Lawa masu avumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java ukuthi zisebenze ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudela ukuphatheka nokuthuthuka kalula.
Lezi ezinye zezici eziphawulekayo ze-Java. Njengoba sijula kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezengeziwe zolimi nokusebenza kwalo.
Isebenza kanjani iJava?
Manje njengoba sesifundile ukuthi iyini i-Java nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo eziyinhloko, sekuyisikhathi sokuqonda ukuthi lolu limi lokuhlela lusebenza kanjani ngokuningiliziwe. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola izici ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwe-Java.
Ukuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa Ikhodi ye-Java
Ku-Java, inqubo ye ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe Qala ngokubhala ikhodi yomthombo efayeleni elinesandiso .java. Leli fayela liqukethe imiyalelo ezolandelwa uhlelo lwe-Java uma selusetshenziswa. Ikhodi yomthombo kufanele-ke ihlanganiswe kusetshenziswa i-Java compiler, ehumusha ikhodi ibe yifomethi ekhethekile ebizwa nge-bytecode.
I-Bytecode ikhodi ephakathi engakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngomshini obonakalayo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-bytecode kufanele ihunyushwe futhi isetshenziswe i-Java Virtual Machine (JVM). I-JVM iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kweJava futhi iyatholakala kumapulatifomu ahlukahlukene njengeWindows, macOS, neLinux.
Uma usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Java, i-JVM ilayisha i-bytecode futhi iyihumushe ngomugqa, yenza izenzo ezihambisanayo ezichazwe kukhodi yomthombo. I-JVM nayo inesibopho sokuphathwa kwenkumbulo nezinye izici zemvelo yesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesicelo se-Java
I-Java isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ukuya kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezinsizakalo zewebhu. Ngezansi sizobheka ezinye zezindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa i-Java:
Ukuthuthukiswa Kohlelo Lwedeskithophu
I-Java ihlinzeka ngeqoqo lemitapo yolwazi namathuluzi anika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ezinothile. Umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile we-Java, owaziwa nge-Java Development Kit (JDK), uhlanganisa izingxenye zesithombe, ukuphatha umcimbi, ukufinyelela kusizindalwazi, nezinye izici eziningi ezisiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kohlelo Lokusebenza Lweselula
Ngokukhuphuka kwamadivaysi eselula, i-Java nayo isithole indawo yayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. I-Android, isistimu yokusebenza yamaselula edume kakhulu emhlabeni, isebenzisa i-Java njengolunye lwezilimi zayo eziyinhloko zokuhlela. Abathuthukisi be izinhlelo zokusebenza I-Android isebenzisa i-Android SDK (Ikhithi Yokuthuthukisa Isofthiwe) kanye ne-Java ukuze idale izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ze-Android.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinsizakalo Zewebhu kanye Nezicelo Zebhizinisi
I-Java isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsizakalo zewebhu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi. Ngobuchwepheshe obufana ne-JavaServer Pages (JSP), i-Servlets, ne-Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE), Onjiniyela bangakha izinhlelo zokusebenza amawebhusayithi aqinile futhi angalawuleki asebenzisana nesizindalwazi, izinsiza zangaphandle nezinye izinhlelo zebhizinisi.
Amathuluzi Okuthuthukisa i-Java kanye ne-Ecosystem
I-Java ine-ecosystem ecebile yamathuluzi nezinhlaka ezisiza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza. Lawa mathuluzi asiza onjiniyela babhale ikhodi esebenza kahle kakhulu, amaphutha okulungisa iphutha, benze ukuhlola, futhi baqondise yonke inqubo yokuthuthukisa. Amanye amathuluzi adumile nezinhlaka ku-Java ecosystem zifaka:
- eclipse: Indawo yokuthuthukisa edidiyelwe esetshenziswa kabanzi (IDE) ye-Java nobunye ubuchwepheshe. I-Eclipse inikeza amathuluzi anamandla okubhala nokulungisa amaphutha, kanye nokuphathwa kwephrojekthi.
- IntelliJ IDEA: Enye i-IDE edumile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Java enezici ezithuthukile ezifana nokwenza kabusha ikhodi, ukuqedela okuzenzakalelayo okuhlakaniphile, nokuhlaziya okumile.
- Spring Framework: Uhlaka lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-Java elenza kube lula ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi namasevisi ewebhu. Intwasahlobo ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zamamojula kanye nokusebenza okuhlanganisa izici ezihlukene zentuthuko.
- Ama-Maven: Ithuluzi lokuphatha iphrojekthi elenza kube lula ukwakha, ukupakisha, nokuphathwa kokuncika kumaphrojekthi we-Java. I-Maven izenzela ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi eminingi evamile yomjikelezo wempilo futhi isiza ukubambisana phakathi konjiniyela.
Lawa ngamathuluzi ambalwa kwabaningi nezinhlaka ezitholakala ku-ecosystem ye-Java. Ukukhetha amathuluzi alungile nezinhlaka kuncike ohlotsheni lwephrojekthi kanye nokuncanyelwayo komthuthukisi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nokuthi Iyini i-Java
1. Yini i-Java?
I-Java iwulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu, olugxile entweni olusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokuthuthukisa isoftware.
2. Yini ukubaluleka kwe-Java ezinhlelweni?
I-Java ibalulekile ezinhlelweni ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuphatheka, nokugxila ekubalula kwekhodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inenani elikhulu lemitapo yolwazi namathuluzi asiza ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware.
3. Isebenza kanjani i-Java?
I-Java isebenza ngokuhlanganisa ikhodi yomthombo ibe yi-bytecode, esuke itolikwa bese isetshenziswa i-Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Lokhu kuvumela izinhlelo ze-Java ukuthi zisebenze kumapulatifomu ahlukene ngaphandle kokudinga izinguquko kukhodi yomthombo.
4. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingathuthukiswa nge-Java?
Nge-Java, ungakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula namasevisi ewebhu.
5. Yimaphi amanye amathuluzi adumile ku-Java ecosystem?
Amanye amathuluzi adumile ku-ecosystem ye-Java ahlanganisa i-Eclipse, i-IntelliJ IDEA, i-Spring Framework, ne-Maven.
6. Liyini ikusasa le-Java?
I-Java isalokhu iwulimi lokuhlela olusetshenziswa kabanzi futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nekusasa elithembisayo. Njengoba imboni yokuthuthukisa isoftware ithuthuka, iJava ijwayelana nobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezimfuno, ibugcine buhambisana futhi bukhula njalo.
Isiphetho sokuthi Iyini i-Java
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Kulesi sihloko, sihlole ukuthi iyini i-Java, izici zayo ezibalulekile, nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Siphinde sabheka ezinye zezindawo lapho i-Java isetshenziswa khona, njenge ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza ideskithophu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kanye nezinsizakalo zewebhu. Ukwengeza, siphendule imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ukuze sikusize uqonde kangcono lolu limi lokuhlela.
Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-Java, sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole izinsiza ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo, ezifana nemibhalo esemthethweni ye-Java, okokufundisa okuku-inthanethi, nezincwadi ezikhethekile. Umhlaba we-Java ugcwele amathuba futhi siyaqiniseka ukuthi uzokujabulela ukuwuhlola!