- I-Linux iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala nomthombo ovulekile olususelwe ku-Linux kernel, eyenzeka ngokwezifiso kakhulu futhi inokutholakala okubanzi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nekhodi yomthombo ovulekile kukhuthaza ukuphepha, ukuzinza, nezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo ngezinkulungwane zonjiniyela.
- Kunokusabalalisa okuningi (Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Mint, Arch) okuguqulelwe kumaphrofayili ahlukene, kusukela kwabaqalayo kuya kubasebenzisi abathuthukile.
Uyemukelwa emhlabeni we-Linux, isistimu yokusebenza ethole ukuduma okukhulu eminyakeni yakamuva. Uma umusha esihlokweni noma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, lesi sihloko ngeyakho. Kuyo, sizohlola ukuthi iyini iLinux nokuthi kungani ibalulekile. Kusukela emlandweni wayo kuya ezinzuzweni zokuwusebenzisa nendlela yokuwufaka, sizokunikeza konke okudingayo ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani i-Linux yenza izinguquko embonini yezobuchwepheshe. Ungaphuthelwa lutho!
Yini iLinux?
I-Linux uhlelo lokusebenza olukhululekile noluvulekile olwasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lwadalwa nguLinus Torvalds , owayefuna ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza olufana ne-UNIX, kodwa olufinyeleleka kalula kubasebenzisi abavamile kunokuba kube ngabahleli bezinhlelo kuphela.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusekelwe ku-kernel ye-Linux, okuyingxenye eyinhloko neyisisekelo yesofthiwe. I-kernel ilawula zonke izinsiza zehadiwe zekhompyutha futhi iyivumela ukuthi ixhumane nezinye izinhlelo. I-Linux inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, njengeziphequluli zewebhu, abahleli bombhalo, abadlali bemidiya, nokunye okuningi.
Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngeLinux yisakhiwo sayo esivumelana nezimo esivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bayenze ngokwezifiso izidingo zabo ezithile. Isibonelo, ungashintsha ukubukeka nokuzwakala noma ufake izinhlelo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi yini okumele uyenze ngekhompyutha yakho.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lunomphakathi omkhulu womhlaba wonke ngemuva kwalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinkulungwane (uma kungezona izigidi) zonjiniyela abasebenza njalo ukuthuthukisa isoftware ngezibuyekezo ezivamile nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi.
Ngamafuphi: I-Linux iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala olunamandla olusekelwe ku-Linux kernel eklanyelwe ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu ezidingweni zomuntu ngamunye zomsebenzisi wokugcina.
Umlando weLinux
Umlando we-Linux uyamangaza, ugcwele izinto ezintsha nokusebenzisana. Konke kwaqala ngo-1991, lapho umfundi waseFinland uLinus Torvalds enquma ukwakha uhlelo olusha lokusebenza njengephrojekthi yomuntu siqu. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano zazimba eqolo futhi zingafinyeleleki kubasebenzisi abaningi.
U-Linus wasebenzisa umshini we-Unix futhi waqala ukuzakhela eyakhe. Njengoba ethuthuka ekuthuthukisweni, wathumela intuthuko yakhe ku-inthanethi ukuze athole impendulo neziphakamiso ezivela kwabanye abahleli bohlelo. Umphakathi wakhula ngokushesha kuphrojekthi, wanikela ngezici ezintsha nentuthuko.
Igama elithi "Linux" livela ku-Linus ehlanganisa igama lakhe negama elithi "Unix," okwenza kube "Linux." Inguqulo yokuqala yomphakathi yakhululwa ngo-September 1991.
Kusukela lapho, i-Linux iye yabhekana nokukhula okuphawulekayo ngenxa yemvelo yayo evulekile nokuhlanganyela. Namuhla kunamakhulu okusatshalaliswa okuhlukene okuguqulelwe ezidingweni ezihlukene, ukusuka kumaseva ukuya kumadivayisi eselula.
Umlando we-Linux ubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabahleli bohlelo kungaholela kanjani kumaphrojekthi amakhulu ashintsha umhlaba wezobuchwepheshe njengoba siwazi namuhla.
Kungani i-Linux ibalulekile?
I-Linux ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Nakuba ingase ingadumile njengamanye amasistimu wokusebenza kwezohwebo, i-Linux izuze okulandelayo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi.
Esinye sezizathu ezenza i-Linux ibaluleke ingoba iyatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe mahhala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ubani angakwazi ukulanda futhi afake i-Linux ngaphandle kokukhokha isenti elilodwa. Njengoba isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile, noma ubani onolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe angafaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza kwayo.
Esinye isizathu esenza i-Linux ibaluleke ukuzinza nokuphepha kwayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-Linux inezinga eliphansi leziphazamisi nokuba sengozini kwekhompyutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamathuluzi ahlanganisiwe okuthola izinsongo nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwangaphandle.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile inkululeko yokuzikhethela: abasebenzisi banenketho yokwenza uhlelo ngendlela oyifisayo ngokuya ngezidingo zabo ezithile noma abakuthandayo. Kunokusabalalisa okuningi okuhlukahlukene okutholakalayo ongakhetha kukho kuye ngenjongo yomsebenzisi wokugcina.
Kuzo zonke lezi zizathu nokunye okwengeziwe, i-Linux yaziwa kabanzi njengenye indlela esebenzayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano ezivamile kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuba nokulawula okwengeziwe phezu kolwazi lwabo lwekhompuyutha noma abafisa ukufunda ngomhlaba wobuchwepheshe ngemuva kwesistimu yokusebenza.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Linux
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-Linux ukuphepha kwayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-Linux ayinabungozi kumagciwane ajwayelekile kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ngenxa yesakhiwo sohlelo. Ukwengeza, abasebenzisi banokulawula okugcwele kokuthi yini esebenza ohlelweni, okusho ukuthi bangafaka isofthiwe ephephile kuphela.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuzinza kwesistimu. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-Linux zaziwa njengezinzile futhi zithembekile uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile njengeWindows noma i-macOS. Lokhu kusho ukuphahlazeka okumbalwa nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe kubasebenzisi.
I-Linux iphinde inikeze ukuguquguquka okukhulu ngokwemibandela yokwenza ngokwezifiso nokumisa ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi ngamunye. Umthombo ovulekile ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule isistimu kokuncamelayo komuntu siqu, futhi kukhona ukusabalalisa okuningi okuhlukahlukene okutholakalayo ongakhetha kukho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Linux inokusekelwa okubanzi komphakathi oku-inthanethi ukusiza ekuxazululeni noma yiziphi izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezingase ziphakame ngenkathi kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza. Umphakathi uphinde uthuthukise amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha neziwusizo njalo ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ukusebenzisa i-Linux kunganikeza isixazululo esivikelekile, esizinzile futhi esenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu kulabo abafuna enye isistimu yokusebenza entsha ku-Windows noma i-MacOS evamile.
Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux okudumile
Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux izinguqulo ezihlukene zesistimu yokusebenza esekelwe ku-Linux kernel futhi inikeza amaphakheji esofthiwe ahlukene, amathuluzi, nezici. Eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwaba nezinketho eziningi ezithandwayo ongakhetha kuzo, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
Phakathi kokusatshalaliswa okuvelele kakhulu yi -Ubuntu , ukukhetha okudumile phakathi kwabaqalayo ngenxa yokuyifaka kalula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okunembile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Debian ingenye inketho edumile eyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kanye nokuphepha.
Enye inketho enhle yiFedora , eyathuthukiswa yiRed Hat futhi eyaziwa ngesivinini sayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha. Kukhona ne-Arch Linux, efaneleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi abathuthukile abafuna ukwenza ngokwezifiso ulwazi lwabo ngokugcwele.
I-Mint nayo ithole ukuduma muva nje ngenxa yedizayini yayo edonsa amehlo futhi esebenziseka kalula. Futhi uma ufuna enye indlela yamahhala yesoftware yokuphathelene njengeMicrosoft Windows noma i-Apple MacOSX ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kungaba yi-Trisquel GNU/Linux.
Ngamafuphi, kunenqwaba yokusabalalisa okutholakala ku-inthanethi ngakho konke okuthandayo kanye nezidingo ezithile, kokubili ezomuntu siqu nezebhizinisi. Ngokuvamile, bonke banokuthile okuhlukile abangakunikeza umsebenzisi kuye ngokuncamelayo komuntu ngamunye.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-Linux
Enye yezinzuzo ze-Linux ukuthi ingalandwa futhi ifakwe mahhala kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha. Nakuba inqubo ihluka kuye ngokusabalalisa ofuna ukukusebenzisa, ngokujwayelekile izinyathelo ziyefana.
Ngaphambi kokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba nekhophi yefayela le -ISO , ongayithola kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yokusabalalisa kwakho okukhethile. Uma usuyilandile ifayela le-ISO, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulishisa libe yidiski noma idrayivu ye-USB ukuze ukwazi ukulifaka.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ngemva kokufaka imidiya enesithombe sesistimu yokusebenza kukhompuyutha yethu kuzoba ukuyiqalisa kabusha bese ukhetha ukuyiqalisa kule midiya yangaphandle.
Isikrini sizobe sesivela nezinketho ezimbalwa njengokuthi "Faka", "Hlola" noma "Qinisekisa idiski". Udinga ukukhetha okuthi "Faka" ukuze uqhubeke nokufaka.
Okulandelayo kufanele ukhethe okuncamelayo komsebenzisi njengolimi nendawo yesikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi udale ukwahlukanisa lapho kuzofakwa khona i-Linux (kunconywa ukwenza ikhophi yangaphambilini).
Okokugcina, okusele nje ukulinda ukufakwa kuqede futhi ujabulele uhlelo olusha lwamahhala nomthombo ovulekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-Linux.
Isiphetho sokuthi iyini i-Linux
I-Linux iyisistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile eguqule indlela amakhompyutha asetshenziswa ngayo. Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, i-Linux ifakazele ukuthi iyisinqumo esithembekile nesivikelekile kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumkhakha womuntu siqu noma wochwepheshe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Linux ziningi: kusukela ekuzinzeni nasekuvikelekeni kwayo kuya ekuguquguqukeni kwayo nokwenza ngokwezifiso. Ukusabalalisa okudumile njengo-Ubuntu, i-Debian noma i-Fedora kunikeza izici ezihlukene ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zomsebenzisi.
Ekugcineni, ukufaka i-Linux kungase kubonakale kunzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ngemihlahlandlela yesinyathelo nesinyathelo njengaleyo enikezwa ukusatshalaliswa ngakunye kanye nomphakathi waku-inthanethi ozimisele ukusiza; noma ubani angajabulela ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo lokusebenza oluhle kakhulu.
Njengoba abasebenzisi abaningi bethola izinzuzo ze-Linux, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwayo kokubili ezweni lobuchwepheshe kanye nasezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke. Ngamafuphi, uma ungakayizami le software yamahhala emangalisayo , ungalindi isikhathi eside!