- Ama-Chiplets aphula isistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ibe amabhulokhi amancane asebenzayo, athuthukise ukukhiqiza.
- Bavumela ukuqina okukhulu nokuvumelana nezimo ngokuhlanganisa ama-node okukhiqiza ahlukene ohlelweni olufanayo.
- Izinkampani ezifana ne-AMD zihamba phambili ngale ndlela kuma-CPU nama-GPU azo, zinqoba izinselele zokuklama i-monolithic.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Chiplet buguqula ukwakheka nokukhiqizwa kwamaphrosesa kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Kodwa ayini ngempela ama-chiplets? Kungani bebeka umkhuba obaluleke kangaka emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe? Emigqeni elandelayo, sizongena ezweni elithakazelisayo lama-chiplets, sihlole imvelaphi yawo, izinzuzo, imikhawulo kanye nendlela aguqula ngayo izimboni ezifana nama-processor, ama-GPU nangaphezulu.
Kusukela ekutholweni kwawo kokuqala, ama-chiplets ashintshile esuka ethuluzini lobuchwepheshe elaziwa kancane laba insika eyisisekelo yokuklama ihadiwe ethuthukisiwe. Izinkampani ezifana Amaprosesa we-AMD, Intel futhi muva nje abanye abadlali emkhakheni baqale ukuhlola amathuba anikezwa yilawa mabhulokhi amamojula. Lapha uzothola konke odinga ukukwazi, kuchazwe ngokucacile nangemininingwane.
Iyini i-chiplet?
I-chiplet ngokuyisisekelo iyingcezu noma ibhlogo lesekethe ehlanganisiwe eyakha ingxenye yesistimu enkulu ngokusebenza ngokubambisana namanye ama-chiplet. Esikhundleni salokho klama iprosesa yonke noma i-GPU njenge-chip eyodwa eyodwaAbakhiqizi bahlukanisa umklamo ube ama-chiplet amancane amaningana ahlanganayo ukuze akhe uhlelo oluphelele. Le ndlela ye-modular yenza umklamo ube lula, ukunciphisa izindleko y Ithuthukisa ukukala.
Lo mqondo awumusha neze., njengoba amamojula we-multichip (MCM) ekhona amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukusungulwa kwe-chiplets kulele ekuguquguqukeni kwabo: ucezu ngalunye lungenziwa ezindaweni ezahlukene, okuvumela nokwandisa izindleko nokusebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu.
Isisusa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwama-chiplets
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-chiplets kuvela ngokuyinhloko njengesixazululo se- izinselele zokuklama ama-chip kanye nokukhiqiza Ukukhiqiza i-chip eyodwa kusho amathuba aphezulu okukhubazeka, izindleko eziphakeme, kanye izinselele zokuqina. Isibonelo, ngokuhlukanisa uhlelo lube ama-chiplets amancane, kungenzeka ngcono ukusebenza kuma-wafers e-silicon, okwandisa inani lama-chips awusizo angakhiqizwa.
Ake ucabange nge-silicon wafer: lapho i-chip enkulu ye-monolithic ikhiqizwa, noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka endaweni yayo kuthinta ukusebenza kwayo yonke i-chip. Ngokuhlukanisa umklamo ube ama-chiplets amancane, amaphutha anomthelela omncane ngoba anqunyelwe engxenyeni encane yesistimu ephelele, kanjalo kunciphisa imfucuza.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zama-chiplets
- Ukwehliswa kwezindleko: Ukukhiqiza ama-chiplets amancane kwandisa inani lamayunithi awusizo ngewafa ngayinye, okuyinto Yehlisa izindleko nge-chip ngayinye esebenzayo.
- Ukwehluka: Ama-Chiplets avumela ukwakhiwa kwamasistimu ama-modular, okwenza kube lula ukwengeza amasha. ama-cores noma ukusebenza ngokwesidingo.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo kuma-node wokukhiqiza: I-chiplet ngayinye ingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezahlukene (isb. 7nm processing cores kanye 14nm controller), ukwandisa izindleko nokusebenza.
- Isivinini ekuthuthukisweni: Ukusebenzisa kabusha ama-chiplets asevele aklanywe isheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezizukulwane ezintsha zemikhiqizo.
Izibonelo ezisebenzayo zedizayini esekwe ku-chiplet
Ikesi eliyizifanekiselo uchungechunge lwamaphrosesa AMD Ryzen. Iqala ngesizukulwane sesithathu (i-Ryzen 3000), i-AMD yamukela indlela ye-chiplet, lapho ama-processor cores (CCD) enziwa ngo-7nm, kuyilapho i-input/output chip (IOD) isebenzisa indawo yokukhiqiza eyi-12nm eshibhile. Lo mklamo wagcinwa ezizukulwaneni ze-Ryzen 5000 nezingu-7000, okuvumela i-AMD Nqoba izinselelo eziningi zama-monolithic chips.
Esinye isibonelo esifanelekile yileso se- I-Radeon RX 7000 GPUs kusuka ku-AMD, esebenzisa umklamo osekelwe ku-chiplet we- inkumbulo kanye nenqolobane, ini khulula isikhala kumongo wezithombe oyinhloko y kunciphisa ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo jikelele.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-chiplets ne-MCM
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphambanisi ama-chiplets namamojula e-multichip ashiwo ngenhla (MCM). Ngenkathi womabili ama-chips amaningi eqoqa ephaketheni elilodwa, ama-chiplets abhekisela kumabhulokhi athile asebenzayo asebenza ndawonye njengohlelo oludidiyelwe. Ama-MCM, ngakolunye uhlangothi, avele aqoqe ama-chip amaningi ndawonye ngaphandle kokuhlangana okusebenzayo okufana nama-chiplets. ukunikela.
Isibonelo, iphrosesa enomklamo we-MCM ingase ihlanganise ama-cores amaningi nenkumbulo, kodwa ngaphandle kwe- ukulungiselelwa okuthile okunikwe amandla ama-chiplets ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo nangempumelelo.
Imikhawulo nezinselele zama-chiplets
Akuyona yonke into eyinzuzo kumklamo osuselwe ku-chiplet. Le ndlela ibuye iveze ezinye izinselele zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile:
- Ukubambezeleka: Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-chiplets kunezela i-latencies eyengeziwe, engakwazi nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi ngesikhathi sokuphendula.
- I-Interposer complexity: Ama-interposer, asebenza njengabalamuli phakathi kwama-chiplets, kufanele aklanyelwe ukuphatha ukuxhumana okuningi ngempumelelo, okwenezela ubunkimbinkimbi nezindleko.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-chiplets kungaba ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi uma ingalungiselelwe kahle.
- Amazinga: Ukushoda kokulinganisa ezindaweni zokuxhumana kungaba yenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa ama-chiplets avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene.
Ikusasa lama-chiplets
Ikusasa lama-chiplets libukeka lithembisa, ikakhulukazi ngokwamukelwa kwezindinganiso zokuxhumanisa ezifana I-UCIe (Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express), okuzovumela ukuhlanganisa ama-chiplets avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene ohlelweni olulodwa. Lokhu kuzovula umnyango wezixazululo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu nezisebenzisanayo, lapho izinkampani ezikhethekile zizokwazi ukunikela ngezingxenye zazo ohlelweni lwezemvelo lomhlaba wonke.
Isimo sesikhathi esizayo esingaba khona singafaka amasistimu anama-CPU avela kumkhiqizi oyedwa, ama-GPU asuka komunye, nama-accelerator athile avela eceleni, konke okuxhumene kahle ngenxa yamazinga avulekile.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Chiplet bulapha ukuhlala. Ikhono labo lokunqoba imikhawulo yezobuchwepheshe, ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokunikeza izixazululo ezingaka ukuguqula isimo se-semiconductor. Nezinkampani ezifana I-AMD ne-Intel y I-Nvidia ehamba phambili, kanye nokuvela kwe amazinga okuxhumana, ukusetshenziswa kwama-chiplets kuzonwebeka kudlule amaphrosesa nama-GPU ukuze kubhekwane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha emikhakheni efana nezimoto, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nekhompyutha yamafu. Nakuba kungenazinselele zabo, ama-chiplets amelela indlela ye-modular echaza kabusha indlela thina Sakha futhi sakha izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
