Iyini imodi ye-UEFI futhi ihluke kanjani ku-BIOS?

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Iyini imodi ye-UEFI futhi ihluke kanjani ku-BIOS?

Uma sivula ikhompyutha bese sibona ukuthi konke kuqala njengokungathi ngomlingo, empeleni kukhona uhlelo olusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu olusebenza emthunzini. Lobo "buchopho" bokuqala bungaba yi-BIOS yakudala noma indawo yayo yesimanje, i-UEFI.Zombili zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-BIOS ngokunganaki, kodwa azifani, futhi kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo uma ufuna ukugwema izimanga. faka izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ushintshe idiski.

I-UEFI isifikile ukuze ithathe indawo ye-BIOS esilokhu sihudula kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70. Igcwalisa umsebenzi ofanayo oyisisekelo—ukuqala ihadiwe nokuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza—kodwa yengeza ukuthuthukiswa okuningi: isikhombikubona sezithombe, ukuphepha okwengeziwe, ukwesekwa kwamadiski amakhulu, kanye nokuphathwa okuguquguqukayo kwe- ukwahlukaniswa. Yebo kunjalo, Indlela ikhompyutha yakho eqala ngayo inquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ongazifaka nokuthi kufanele uhlukanise kanjani idiski.Ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukuqonda ngokuthula.

Yini i-firmware, i-BIOS, ne-UEFI?

Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale ukuqhathanisa, kuyasiza ukucacisa umqondo oyisisekelo: Kokubili i-BIOS ne-UEFI ziyi-firmwareOkusho ukuthi, uhlelo olugcinwe kwimemori ekhethekile ebhodini lomama eligcina idatha Ilawula ngqo amasekethe kagesi. yekhompyutha ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza luthathe izintambo.

Leyo firmware isebenza ngokushesha nje lapho ucindezela inkinobho yamandla. Inesibopho sokuqala nokuhlola i-RAM, iprosesa, ikhadi lehluzo, amadiski, kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswayo.Uma usuqinisekisile ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, thola ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi okufanele iqalise (idiski, i-USB, inethiwekhi, njll.) bese ulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza kusukela lapho.

Iyini i-BIOS (Uhlelo Lokufaka/Lokukhipha Oluyisisekelo)

I-BIOS yakudala yavela ngawo-70s no-80s, futhi isifinyezo sayo sivela ku- Isisekelo Sokokufaka / Uhlelo Lokuphuma. Sekungamashumi eminyaka lokhu kuyindinganiso yokuqalisa cishe kuwo wonke ama-PC ahambisanayoIkhodi ye-BIOS isebenza ngamabhithi angu-16 futhi yenzelwe ihadiwe elinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zanamuhla.

Uma uvula ikhompyutha nge-BIOS yendabuko, into yokuqala eyenzekayo yi-POST (Power-On Self Test): I-BIOS isebenzisa ibhethri lokuhlola ihadiwe, ukuhlola imemori, amadiski, i-CPU, amafeni, amazinga okushisa, njll.Uma konke kulungile, bheka ithebula lokuhlukanisa lesitayela se-MBR, thola umkhakha wokuqalisa wediski, bese uwusebenzisa ukuze ulayishe uhlelo lokusebenza.

I-interface yokucushwa kwe-BIOS yendabuko iyabonakala kakhulu: isikrini sangemuva esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma esimnyama, ukubukeka kwesitayela se-MS-DOS kanye nokuzulazula kusetshenziswa ikhibhodi kuphelaKusukela kuleyo menyu ungakwazi shintsha i-oda lokuqalisa, sebenzisa noma uvale amadivayisi, lungisa amaphrofayili wamandla, noma ulungise amapharamitha eprosesa nememori.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi lokhu kwanele, kodwa I-BIOS ayiphumelelanga ngokufika kwamadiski amakhulu kakhulu, izinhlelo ezinwetshiwe ze-64-bit, kanye nezidingo ezintsha zokuphepha.Yilapho i-UEFI ingena khona.

Iyini i-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)?

I-UEFI ingukuvela okuqondile kwe-BIOS, futhi isifinyezo sayo simelela I-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Yaqala njengendinganiso eyayiqhutshwa yi-Intel futhi yasungulwa yi-UEFI Forum ngo-2002.nezinkampani ezifana ne-AMD, i-Apple, i-Dell, i-Lenovo, ne-Microsoft, phakathi kwezinye eziningi, ezihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwayo.

Inhloso ye-UEFI icacile: Ukushintsha i-BIOS kunikeza indawo eguquguqukayo nephephile ekwaziyo ukuphatha ihadiwe yesimanje.I-firmware ye-UEFI ibhalwe ngo-C, isebenza ngama-bits angu-32 noma angu-64, futhi ingahlala kunoma iyiphi inkumbulo engashintshi, hhayi nje i-chip ejwayelekile ye-CMOS.

Ngokwenzayo, I-UEFI yenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo efanayo ne-BIOSIqalisa ihadiwe, ihlole ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle, ihlonze idivayisi yokuqalisa, bese iqala uhlelo lokusebenza. Umehluko ukuthi ingeza ungqimba lwezinsizakalo ezengeziwe: umphathi wayo wokuqalisa, ukwesekwa kwenethiwekhi yemvelo, ikhono lokulayisha izinsiza zangaphandle, ukuvikela ukuqalisa, ukuphathwa kwamadiski ahlukaniswe yi-GPT, nokunye okuningi.

Ngokubona, ushintsho lusobala. Izixhumi ze-UEFI zivame ukunikeza amamenyu anezithombe, ukwesekwa kwegundane, izilimi eziningi, ngisho nezithombe ezinyakazayo nomsindo.Amanye amabhodi omama akuvumela ukuthi ubuke ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana namazinga okushisa, ama-voltage, nama-fan curve, noma uhlanganise amathuluzi amancane okuxilonga.

Umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwe-BIOS ne-UEFI

Uma uke waqaphela ukuthi "ufaka i-BIOS" ngokucindezela inkinobho lapho uqala, kungase kubonakale sengathi konke kuyafana, kodwa Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-BIOS yakudala ne-firmware ye-UEFI., kokubili kulokho okubonayo nakulokho okwenzekayo ngaphansi.

Umehluko osobala kakhulu ukubukeka. I-BIOS yendabuko iveza indawo e-spartan, esekelwe kumbhalo, elawulwa kuphela ngekhibhodiNgakolunye uhlangothi, i-UEFI inikeza isikhombikubona esibonakalayo esiseduze kakhulu nesistimu yokusebenza elula, ngokusekelwa kwegundane futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ngezikrini "eziyisisekelo" zabasebenzisi abasaqalayo kanye nezikrini "ezithuthukisiwe" zalabo abafuna ukulungisa izinto kabanzi.

Omunye umehluko oyinhloko ukuxhumana. I-UEFI ingaxhuma kwi-inthanethi ngokwayo ukuze buyekeza i-firmware noma ukufinyelela izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ngisho nangaphandle kokulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu kuvula umnyango wezinsiza zokulungisa kude kumakhompyutha angavuli ngisho naku-Windows noma ku-Linux.

Ngokombono wekhodi, I-BIOS ihlala kuma-bits angu-16, kuyilapho i-UEFI isebenza ngqo kuma-bits angu-32 noma angu-64.Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi iphathe imemori eningi, amadivayisi amaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanye nezikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo, kunciphisa isikhathi kusukela lapho ucindezela inkinobho kuze kube yilapho ubona ideskithophu.

Kumsebenzisi wokugcina, olunye ushintsho oluwusizo kakhulu ukuthi I-UEFI ifaka umphathi wayo we-boot, okwaziyo phatha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kanye nokufakwa okuningana kokuqalangaphandle kokuthembela ohlelweni oludala lwe-MBR oluqinile. Lokhu kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kwama-partitions e-GPT, esizoxoxa ngawo ngokuningiliziwe kamuva.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zemodi ye-UEFI kune-BIOS

Ngale kwesici sobuhle, i-UEFI inikeza uchungechunge lwezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe ezichaza ukuthi kungani abakhiqizi benze ushintsho ngobuningi. Kumakhompyutha amaningi esimanje, uma ungakhetha phakathi kwemodi ye-UEFI kanye ne-BIOS yakudala, kusobala ukuthi uzofuna ukusebenzisa i-UEFI.ngaphandle kwezimo ezithile.

Enye yezinguquko ezibalulekile ukuhlonipha isikhathi somsebenzisi: Ukuqalisa ngokuvamile kushesha kakhulu.I-UEFI ingakwazi ukuqalisa amadivayisi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo kwesimanje, njengoba isebenza ngamabhithi angu-32/64 enesikhala sekheli esitholakalayo. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinamadiski noma abalawuli abaningi.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukwesekwa kwesitoreji. I-UEFI isebenza ngokwemvelo nge amadiski ahlukaniswe ku-GPTLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amadrayivu amakhulu kuno-2 TB futhi udale ama-partition ayisisekelo afinyelela ku-128 kudiski efanayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sama-partition anwetshiwe noma amaqhinga angajwayelekile.

Emkhakheni wezokuphepha, I-UEFI yethula isici esidumile se-Secure Boot noma i-secure boot.Lesi sici siqinisekisa ikhodi esebenza ngesikhathi sokuqalisa futhi sivimbele ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ezingasayiniwe noma eziphazamisekile, sinciphise ingozi yokuthi ama-bootkit kanye ne-malware kusebenze ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza lukwazi ukuzivikela.

Futhi akufanele sikhohlwe ukunwetshwa. I-UEFI iyi-modular futhi inganwetshwa ngabashayeli bezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.: izinsiza zokusebenzisa ngokweqile, amathuluzi okuxilonga, izidlali zemidiya ezincane ezifakiwe, noma amaklayenti enethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukwazi ukuhlanganisa abashayeli ngqo ne-firmware, Uhlelo lokusebenza lukhululekile ekulayisheni abashayeli abathile.okungenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula futhi kuthuthukise ukushelela okuphelele.

Okokugcina, maqondana nokugcinwa, I-UEFI isekela ukuphathwa okukude kanye nokufinyelela kwenethiwekhi kumapulatifomu amaningi ochwepheshe, ukuze uchwepheshe akwazi ukungenelela kuseva noma kwi-PC noma ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza luphukile noma idiski eyinhloko yehlulekile.

Imikhawulo evamile nezinkinga ze-UEFI

Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, kungase kubonakale sengathi i-UEFI iphelele, kodwa ayikho isistimu engenaphutha. I-UEFI ingadala nekhanda elibuhlunguikakhulukazi uma uxuba izindlela noma usebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala.

Okokuqala, I-UEFI igxile kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezingama-64-bitNakuba kunezindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-32-bit, empeleni kuvamile ukuthi amakhompyutha amanje abe nezinkinga noma angavumeli ukuthi kuqalwe izinhlelo ze-32-bit ezindala, ikakhulukazi uma idiski ifomethiwe njenge-GPT kanye ne-secure boot isebenza.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, kubalulekile ukucacisa okuthile: Nakuba i-UEFI ene-Secure Boot ithuthukisa ukuvikelwa, akuyona isivikelo esiphelele.Kunezinsongo ezithile ku-firmware ye-UEFI—njengezinsongo ezithile amaTrojan aphikelelayo— ezifakwe kuleyo ngqimba ephansi kakhulu Ziyasinda ekufometheni, ekufakweni kabusha, ngisho nasekushintsheni i-hard drive.ngoba zihlala kubhodi lomama uqobo.

Esinye isici sezinkinga sivela lapho Ukucushwa kwe-boot kuyalahleka noma kushintshwe ngengoziUkusetha kabusha okulula kwe-UEFI (ngenkinobho, i-jumper noma ibhethri) kungabuyisela i-motherboard kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri, kushintshe imodi yokuqalisa (UEFI/Legacy) futhi kubangele ukuthi i-Windows iyeke ukuqala, yize idatha ingashintshi.

Ekugcineni, Ukuhambisana nehadiwe endala kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukuvumela imodi ye-legacy (CSM).Lokhu kungangqubuzana namadiski e-GPT noma izinhlelo zesimanje ezazilindele ukuqala ku-UEFI emsulwa. Ngamafuphi, inikeza amandla, kodwa futhi neziguquguquko eziningi okufanele ziphathwe.

I-Secure Boot: iyini nokuthi ingena kanjani kukho konke lokhu

I-Boot Evikelekile, noma ibhuthini ephephileIfanelwe yisigaba sayo ngoba iphakamisa imibuzo eminingi. Akuyona isici seWindows uqobo, kodwa yingxenye yezinga le-UEFI. ukuthi izinhlelo zesimanje—i-Windows 8 kuya phambili kanye nokusatshalaliswa okuningi kwe-Linux kwakamuva—zazi ukuthi zingazisebenzisa kanjani.

Umqondo ngemuva kwe-Secure Boot ulula kakhulu: Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, i-firmware isebenzisa kuphela ikhodi esayiniwe futhi yaqinisekiswa kusetshenziswa okhiye be-cryptographic abathembekile.Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-boot loader yesistimu yokusebenza, futhi kwezinye izimo, abashayeli abangazikhethela abalayishwa ngaphambi kwe-OS.

Uma into ethile izama ukuqala ngaphandle kokusayinwa ngokhiye owaziwayo, I-UEFI ayimane ilahle ukulawulaLokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngomhlaseli ukulayisha uhlelo oluhlukile kusuka ku-USB ukuze afunde idiski yakho ngaphandle kwemvume, noma ukuthi i-malware ishintshe i-boot loader ukuze isebenze ngaphambi kwe-antivirus.

Le ndlela yadala impikiswano lapho ivela, ngoba Ekuqaleni, yayikhipha izinhlelo eziningi ezingezona eze-Windows kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux endala.Yingakho amabhodi e-motherboard anamuhla evame ukufaka imodi yokuhambisana ne-legacy (CSM/Legacy) kanye nenketho yokukhubaza i-Secure Boot, okuvumela ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezingalungiselelwanga i-UEFI.

Okwamanje, Iningi lokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okungu-64-bit okwaziwayo selivele lisekela i-Secure Bootukuze bakwazi ukuhlala ndawonye neWindows 10/11 kumodi ye-UEFI ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuyikhubaza, uma nje ukucushwa kwekhi ye-firmware kukuvumela.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-MBR ne-GPT: kungani kubalulekile nge-BIOS ne-UEFI

Uma ukhuluma nge-BIOS ne-UEFI, akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ulwazi luhlelwe kanjani kudiski. Ithebula lokuhlukanisa lichaza ukuthi idiski ebonakalayo ihlukaniswe kanjani ibe izingxenye ezisebenzisekayoFuthi lapha kuvela izinhlelo ezimbili ezibalulekile: i-MBR ne-GPT.

Kuma-PC akudala, I-BIOS isebenza ngamadiski asebenzisa ithebula lokuhlukanisa le-MBR (Master Boot Record).Le fomethi yaqala ngawo-80, lapho kukhulunywa ngamadiski e-multi-terabyte kwakuyindaba yesayensi. I-MBR igcinwa emikhakheni yokuqala yediski futhi iqukethe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ikhodi yokuqalisa kanye nezincazelo zokuhlukanisa.

I-MBR inemikhawulo eminingana ebalulekile: Ivumela kuphela izingxenye eziyinhloko ezifika kwezine kuphela (noma ezintathu eziyinhloko kanye neyodwa enwetshiwe ngamayunithi anengqondo angaphakathi) kanye Ingxenye ngayinye ayikwazi ukudlula ama-2 TBNgaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi endaweni eyodwa, uma i-MBR yonakala ungalahlekelwa ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye.

I-UEFI iletha i-GPT (GUID Partition Table). I-GPT yaklanywa ngokuqondile ukuze inqobe ukulinganiselwa kwe-MBRIkuvumela ukuthi uchaze ama-partition ayisisekelo afinyelela ku-128 kudiski efanayo, ngalinye linosayizi ongafinyelela amakhulu ama-terabytes e-theoretical.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile ukuqina: I-GPT igcina amakhophi amaningi angafuneki ethebula lokuhlukanisa kudiski yonkeNgakho-ke, ukulimala kwemikhakha embalwa yokuqala akusho ukuthi kuzolahlekelwa isakhiwo sonke. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukululama uma kwenzeka amaphutha.

Ngokwenzayo, Ukuhlanganiswa okuvamile yi-BIOS+MBR kanye ne-UEFI+GPTUkuqalisa ikhompyutha ku-UEFI emsulwa kuvame ukulindela ukuthi idiski yesistimu ifomethwe njenge-GPT, kanye ne-ehambisana nayo ukuhlukaniswa kwe-EFI kokuqalaNgokuphambene nalokho, imodi yokuqalisa ye-BIOS endala ivame ukusebenza kumadiski ane-MBR.

Kunengqondo nini ukusebenzisa ama-partitions bese ushintsha kusuka ku-MBR uye ku-GPT (futhi okuphambene nalokho)

Ukusebenza ngama-partition akuyona nje indaba yobuchwepheshe; Kuthinta ngqo indlela ohlela ngayo idatha yakho nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ongazifaka.Kunezimo eziningana lapho ukuguqula ithebula lokuhlukanisa cishe kuyimpoqo.

Enye yezimo ezijwayelekile yi-multiboot. Uma ufuna ukuba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kukhompyutha efanayo —ngokwesibonelo, iWindows neLinux—, udinga ukuthi ngayinye ibe ne-partition yayo (noma isethi yama-partition) ehlukaniswe kahle, nokuthi uhlelo lokuhlukanisa luhambisana nemodi yokuqalisa oyisebenzisayo.

Esinye isimo esivamile lapho Usuvele unazo izingxenye ezakhiwe futhi udinga ukukhulisa usayizi wazo, ukuzisusa, noma ukuzihambisa. ukuze kuvuleke isikhala sesistimu entsha noma ukwahlukaniswa kwedatha. Yilapho ukunyakaza okungalungile kungabangela ukulahleka kwedatha, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqhubeka ngokuqapha okukhulu, ube nesipele esandleni, futhi kungcono ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile.

Kuvamile futhi ukusebenza ngama-partition uma Ingabe ufuna ukulingisa ukufakwa kwesistimu yakho yokusebenza? kwenye idiski, ukuze ukwazi ukuyibuyisela njengoba yayinjalo uma kwenzeka inhlekelele. Kulezi zimo, uhlobo lokuhlukanisa (i-MBR/GPT) kanye nemodi yokuqalisa (i-BIOS/UEFI) kumele kufane phakathi kwamadiski omthombo kanye nendawo okuyo uma ungafuni ukugcina unesistimu engeke iqalise. Kulezi zinqubo, kuvamile ukubonisana neziqondiso zendlela yokwenza Clone ukufakwa kahle.

Ukushintsha kusuka ku-MBR kuya ku-GPT —noma okuphambene nalokho — kungenzeka, kodwa kukhona inkinga. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuhilela ukusula okuqukethwe yidiski.ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzisa amathuluzi athile avumela ukuguqulwa kwesayithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Awukwazi "ukushintshashintsha" idiski oqala kuyo iWindows ngaphandle kokudlula ezinqubweni ezithile nezibucayi; yingakho kuneziqondiso zokukwenza ngokuphepha.

Ukuhambisana kwesistimu yokusebenza ne-BIOS/UEFI kanye ne-MBR/GPT

Ukuhambisana kwe-firmware, imodi yokuhlukanisa, kanye nokuhambisana kwesistimu yokusebenza kuyindida encane efanele ukuqondwa. Akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezingakwazi ukuqala ku-UEFI, akuzona zonke ezisekela i-GPT, futhi akuzona zonke ezisebenza kahle nge-Secure Boot..

Ukuqala ngeWindows, I-XP kanye nezinguqulo zangaphambilini ziqonda kuphela i-BIOS ne-MBR.Azikwazi ukuqala kwimodi ye-UEFI noma ukufakwa kwidiski ye-GPT njengohlelo lokusebenza oluyinhloko. I-Windows Vista yethule ukwesekwa kokuqala kwe-UEFI, kodwa kwaba nge-Windows 7 futhi, ikakhulukazi, i-Windows 8 lapho ukwesekwa kwasungulwa khona.

Ezindaweni zanamuhla, Ama-Windows angu-64-bit kusukela ku-Vista kuya phambili angasebenza nama-disk e-GPT.Futhi njengoba i-Windows 8 ifakiwe, ukufakwa kwe-UEFI nge-EFI system partition yisimo esinconywayo. Eqinisweni, amakhompyutha aqinisekisiwe anenguqulo yamanje ye-Windows ngokuvamile avela efektri ene-UEFI evuliwe, i-Secure Boot evuliwe, kanye ne-disk ehlukaniswe ku-GPT.

Ngokuphathelene ne-Linux, Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kwama-bit angu-64 kuvame ukusekela kokubili i-UEFI ne-GPT...ngisho ne-Secure Boot ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukusatshalaliswa okudala kakhulu noma izinguqulo ezingama-32-bit kungadinga ukukhubaza i-Secure Boot ngisho nokuphoqa imodi ye-Legacy BIOS ukuthi isebenze.

Imininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi Akuyona into enhle ukufaka uhlelo lokusebenza kwimodi yokuqalisa eyodwa bese ushintshela kwenye.Uma ufaka i-Windows kwimodi ye-BIOS ku-partition ye-MBR bese uvula i-UEFI emsulwa ngaphandle kwe-CSM, ikhompyutha ngokuvamile izohluleka ukuqala. Okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso: ukufakwa kwe-Windows ku-UEFI ku-partition ye-GPT ngeke kuqale kwimodi ye-Legacy uma umane ukhubaza i-UEFI kanye ne-Secure Boot.

Ungabona kanjani ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho isebenzisa i-BIOS noma i-UEFI

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi iyiphi imodi esetshenziswa yidivayisi yakho, asikho isidingo sokuvula ibhokisi noma ukudlala imidlalo yokuqagela. I-Windows ihlanganisa izindlela eziningana ezilula zokuhlola ukuthi usebenzisa i-BIOS noma i-UEFI endala.Futhi nokuthi ngabe idiski ifomethiwe njenge-MBR noma i-GPT.

Enye yezindlela ezisheshayo ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elithi "Ulwazi Lwesistimu". Kusukela kumenyu yokuqala ungasesha "Ulwazi Lwesistimu" noma usebenzise msinfo32Ngaphakathi kwesifinyezo esikhulu uzobona insimu ebizwa ngokuthi "Imodi ye-BIOS".

Uma leyo nsimu ikhombisa ukuthi "Ifa" noma okufanayo, I-Windows iyaqala kabusha kumodi ye-Legacy BIOSUma ithi "UEFI", kusho ukuthi uhlelo lufakiwe futhi luhlelwe ukusebenzisa i-firmware ye-UEFI, mhlawumbe ngediski ye-GPT kanye ne-EFI boot partition.

Enye indlela ewusizo ukuphathwa kweDisk. Vula diskmgmt.msc bese uhlola idiski lapho kufakwe khona iWindows.Uma ubona ukwahlukaniswa okuncane "kwe-EFI System" ngefomethi ye-FAT32, kanye nokunye ukwahlukaniswa okugcinelwe i-Microsoft kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kwe-NTFS, ubheke ukufakwa kwemodi ye-UEFI ku-GPT.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufuna kuphela ukwahlukaniswa kwe-NTFS okuyinhloko okukodwa noma okubili kuphela futhi kungabi nakwahlukaniswa kwe-EFI, I-Windows cishe ifakiwe ku-BIOS/MBRUkuqinisekisa lokhu ngokuphelele, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlukanisa noma umugqa womyalo we-Windows uqobo.

Kukhona ngisho nendlela "yokuphenya" esekelwe kufayela lelogi yokufaka. Kwifolda C:\Windows\Panther ifayela ligciniwe setupact.log ngemininingwane yendawo yokuqalisa etholakele ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ngokuhlunga lelo fayela ngentambo ethi "Indawo yokuqalisa etholakele", uzobona ukuthi uhlelo lufakwe yini endaweni ye-BIOS noma ye-EFI.

Indlela yokufinyelela i-UEFI noma i-BIOS kusuka ku-Windows

Ukufinyelela i-firmware akuseyona nje indaba yokuhlanganisa i-F2 noma i-Delete uma uvula, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi aqala ngokushesha kakhulu. I-Windows 10 ne-11 zinikeza izindlela eziqondile zokufaka izilungiselelo ze-UEFI ngaphandle kokuba ne-ninja reflexes.

Indlela "ehlanzekile" iwukusebenzisa izilungiselelo ze-Windows. Iya kokuthi Qala → Izilungiselelo → Isibuyekezo Nokuphepha → UkubuyiselaEsigabeni esithi "Ukuqalisa Okuthuthukisiwe" uzothola inkinobho ethi "Qala Kabusha Manje" eholela kumenyu ekhethekile yokuqalisa.

Ngemva kokuqala kabusha, uzobona izinketho eziningana. Khetha "Ukuxazulula Inkinga" → "Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe" → "Izilungiselelo ze-firmware ze-UEFI" bese uthepha okuthi "Qala kabusha". Idivayisi izoqala ngqo esikrinini sokucushwa kwe-firmware, lapho ungashintsha khona amapharamitha okuqalisa, unike amandla noma ukhubaze i-Secure Boot, njll.

Kukhona indlela elula kakhulu yokunqamulela okusheshayo: Cindezela inkinobho ethi "Shift" ngenkathi uchofoza "Qala kabusha"Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumenyu ethi Qala, isikrini sokungena ngemvume, noma ngisho ne-Ctrl+Alt+Delete edumile, lokhu kukuyisa ngqo kumenyu ethi "Advanced Startup" ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa umugqa womyalo, lokho kungenzeka futhi. Vula umyalo osheshayo onamalungelo okuphatha bese usebenzisa shutdown.exe /r /oI-Windows izokuxwayisa ukuthi izoqala kabusha ukuze ifake izinketho ezithuthukisiwe, lapho ungafinyelela khona ne-UEFI.

Kulabo abavame ukwenza lezi zinguquko, Ungakha ngisho nesinqamuleli sedeskithophu esisebenza shutdown /r /fw /t 1Ngokuchofoza kabili kuyo, uhlelo luqala kabusha bese luya ngqo kuzilungiselelo ze-firmware, ngaphandle kokudlula kwamanye amamenyu.

Ukusetha kabusha izilungiselelo ze-UEFI uma kukhona okungahambi kahle

Ukulungisa izilungiselelo ze-UEFI ngaphandle kokwazi kahle ukuthi ngayinye yenzani kungabangela ukuthi ikhompyutha ingaqali. Uma lokho kwenzeka, Kuhlala kukhona inketho yokusetha kabusha izilungiselelo zibe okuzenzakalelayo kwasefekthri., ngokuvamile ngenye yalezi zindlela ezintathu.

Abanye abakhiqizi bafaka phakathi Inkinobho yokusetha kabusha ngokomzimba ye-UEFI kubhodi lomama noma ngisho nokufinyeleleka ngaphandle kwekhava. Ukuyibamba imizuzwana embalwa ikhompyutha ivaliwe futhi ingaxhunyiwe ngokuvamile kwanele ukusula izilungiselelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Enye indlela evamile yokudlala nge-motherboard jumper. Ukushintsha okwesikhashana isikhundla se-jumper okuhloswe ukusula ukucushwa (imininingwane yayo isencwadini yemiyalelo yebhodi lomama) futhi ishiya imishini ingenawo ugesi imizuzwana embalwa, i-UEFI ilahlekelwa izilungiselelo ezigciniwe bese ibuyela esimweni sayo esizenzakalelayo.

Indlela "yakudala" kakhulu ukususa ibhethri lenkinobho ebhodini lomama. Uma idivayisi isusiwe, susa ibhethri le-CMOS cishe imizuzwana eyi-10-15 futhi ibuyiselwa endaweni yayo. Leso sikhathi ngokuvamile sanele ukuthi i-firmware ikhohlwe ukucushwa kwangaphambilini.

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo ezintathu, Kungumqondo omuhle ukubhala phansi noma ukuthatha izithombe zezilungiselelo kusengaphambili. Uma usenakho ukufinyelela kukho, ungabuyisela konke esimweni sako uma inkinga isixazululiwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-UEFI: Kunini lapho kufanele khona?

Njengoba kugxilwe kakhulu ezibuyekezweni zesistimu yokusebenza kanye nomshayeli, kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza ukuthi Kufanele futhi uqhubeke nokubuyekeza i-UEFI ngezikhathi ezithile.Impendulo emfushane ithi: kuphela uma kunesizathu esizwakalayo.

Ngokuvamile, Asikho isidingo sokubuyekeza i-UEFI uma idivayisi isebenza kahle. Futhi ngeke ube nezinkinga zokuhambisana noma izinkinga ezinkulu. Amabhodi omama esimanje angcono kakhulu kunezinguqulo ze-BIOS ezindala, kodwa isibuyekezo se-firmware esihlulekile sisabeka engcupheni enkulu.

Kungaba nengqondo ukucabangela ukuthuthukiswa lapho Umenzi ukhipha inguqulo elungisa amaphutha athile obhekana nawo.Ithuthukisa ukuhambisana namaprosesa amasha noma inkumbulo, noma ixazulula ubuthakathaka obubalulekile bokuphepha.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ye-firmware onayo, Ungahlola insimu ethi "Inguqulo ye-BIOS kanye nosuku" kuthuluzi Lolwazi Lwesistimu.Bese uyiqhathanisa nenguqulo yakamuva etholakala kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi webhodi lakho lomama noma i-laptop.

Kodwa-ke, uma ikhompyutha yakho iqala ukungasebenzi kahle ngemva kokushintsha izingxenye—isibonelo, lapho uthuthukisa i-RAM noma ufaka ikhadi lehluzo elinamandla kakhulu— Inkinga ingase ibangelwe ukungalingani ngokomzimba noma ukulinganiselwa kwepuletihhayi ngempela inguqulo ye-UEFI. Kungcono ukungazivumeli lezi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokubuyekeza i-firmware.

Ukuqonda lolu hlaka lonke lwe-BIOS, i-UEFI, i-Secure Boot, i-MBR kanye ne-GPT akuyona nje ilukuluku lobuchwepheshe; Ikunikeza amathuluzi okunquma ukuthi uzifaka kanjani izinhlelo zakho, ukuthi uhlela kanjani amadiski akho, nokuthi yini okufanele uyithinte (noma ungayithinti) uma okuthile kuyeka ukuqala., okukubeka eduze kakhulu nephrofayili yochwepheshe okwazi ukulawula noma iyiphi i-PC efika ezandleni zakhe.