Iyini i-processor cache memory futhi kungani ibalulekile?

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Iningi labantu ligxila ekubalweni okuyinhloko kweprosesa, imvamisa, kanye nophawu , kodwa bayayishaya indiva ingxenye ebalulekile eyenza umehluko ekusebenzeni kwangempela: i-CPU cache. Leli bhulokhi elincane lememori, elifihliwe ngaphakathi kwe-chip uqobo, lalingenye yentuthuko enkulu emlandweni wokubala, livimbela iprosesa ukuthi ilinde idatha ukuthi ifike.

Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani amaprosesa amabili anejubane elifanayo lewashi ebonakala esebenza ngendlela ehlukile, impendulo ivame ukuba semininingwaneni efana nosayizi , uhla lwemisebenzi, kanye nesivinini sememori ye-cache . Ukuqonda ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ithinta kanjani imisebenzi efana nokudlala imidlalo, ukudala okuqukethwe, noma ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kuzokusiza ukuthi uhumushe kangcono imininingwane bese ukhetha i-CPU yakho elandelayo.

Iyini ngempela inkumbulo ye-processor cache?

I-CPU cache iyimemori esheshayo ehlanganiswe ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kweprosesa , eyenzelwe ukugcina idatha nemiyalelo i-CPU eyidingayo ngokuphindaphindiwe phakathi nesikhathi esifushane. Ngokungafani ne -RAM , efakwe kumamojula ahlukene kubhodi lomama, i-cache inamathele ku-computing core, okuvumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo.

Singacabanga nge-cache njengohlobo "lwebhentshi lokusebenza" lapho iprosesa igcina khona idatha eyisebenzisayo evame ukutholakala kalula , esikhundleni sokuyilanda njalo ku-RAM noma kudiski. Lokhu kusondela kanye nesivinini sayo esikhulu kunciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokulinda ze-CPU.

Nakuba i-PC yesimanje ingaba nesitoreji se-hard drive noma se-SSD sama-terabyte amaningana kanye ne-RAM esukela ku-8 kuya ku-64 GB (noma ngaphezulu kumaseva), i-cache ilinganiswa ngama-megabyte noma ngisho nama-kilobyte. Lo mthamo omncane awuyona inkinga: inhloso yawo akukhona ukugcina konke, kodwa kuphela lokho iprosesa ekubona njengokungathi izokudinga futhi ngokushesha.

Kuma-processor okuqala, ingxenye yememori ye-cache yayitholakala ngisho ngaphandle kwe-chip, ku-motherboard, okwaletha ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe. Emiklamo yesimanje, ama-cache e-L1, L2, kanye ne-L3 ahlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwephakheji ye-processor , okunciphisa amabanga angokomzimba, kunciphisa izikhathi zokufinyelela, futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza.

Amazinga e-cache: L1, L2, L3 kanye ne-L4 engavamile

Inkumbulo ye-cache yeprosesa yesimanje akuyona ibhulokhi elilodwa, kodwa uhlu lwamazinga anejubane namakhono ahlukene . Ngokuvamile, uzothola ama-cache e-L1, L2, kanye ne-L3, kanti kweminye imiklamo ethile, i-cache eyengeziwe ye-L4, ikakhulukazi ehlotshaniswa nezithombe ezihlanganisiwe noma ukucushwa okukhethekile kakhulu.

Umqondo ojwayelekile uhlala ufana: uma izinga lesendlalelo liphansi (L1) , liseduze kakhulu nenhliziyo futhi lishesha kakhulu, kodwa linesikhala esincane sokugcina. Njengoba sikhuphuka amazinga (L2, L3, L4), sithola amandla kodwa silahlekelwa isivinini kanye nokubambezeleka kokufinyelela kuyanda.

Kuprosesa ejwayelekile yedeskithophu, singasuka kuma -kilobyte ambalwa e-L1 cache nge-core siye kuma-megabyte amaningana e-L2 cache kanye namashumi (noma ngisho namakhulu) ama-megabyte e-L3 cache eyabiwe. Amapulatifomu noma amaseva aphezulu angafinyelela izibalo ezihlaba umxhwele ngempela, ngamashumi ama-megabyte e-L2 cache kanye namakhulu ama-megabyte e-L3 cache.

Lolu hlobo lohlelo luklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze i-CPU ithole iningi ledatha ngezinga elisheshayo ngangokunokwenzeka , inciphise ukufinyelela kwimemori eyinhloko futhi isebenzise ngokugcwele umjikelezo ngamunye wewashi leprosesa.

I-L1 Cache: Umugqa Wokuqala Wempi

I-cache ye-L1 (Level 1) iyizinga eliseduze kakhulu namayunithi okusebenza kwe-kernel, ngakho-ke, inkumbulo esheshayo ohlelweni lonke . Umthamo wayo mncane kakhulu, kodwa ukubambezeleka kwayo kuyingxenye ye-nanosecond, okubalulekile ekondleni i-kernel ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

I-cache ye-L1 ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene: i-data cache kanye ne-instruction cache. Lokhu kuvumela iprosesa ukuthi ifunde ngesikhathi esisodwa lokho okudingeka ikwenze (imiyalelo) kanye nokuthi iyiphi idatha okufanele yenze imisebenzi kuyo, ngaphandle kokuthi zombili zincintisane ngesikhala sememori esifanayo.

Ezindaweni eziningi zesimanje, i-core ngayinye ine -cache yayo ye-L1 ezimele . Akukho ukuvumelana okuqondile phakathi kwalezi zi-cache ze-L1 zama-core ahlukene, kodwa lokhu akuyona inkinga ngoba i-core ngayinye ifinyelela kuphela ingxenye yayo. Uma iprosesa enama-core angu-8 ikhangisa, isibonelo, i-512 KB ye-cache ye-L1, ngokuvamile ine-64 KB nge-core ngayinye, ehlukaniswe phakathi kwedatha nemiyalelo.

Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, lapho i-CPU ithola ulwazi ngempumelelo ku-cache ye-L1, ukufinyelela kushesha kangangokuthi umthelela wokusebenza awubonakali. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukuncipha ku-cache ye-L1 kuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ethile yomsebenzi.

I-L2 Cache: isinyathelo sesibili

I-cache ye-L2 (Level 2) isebenza njengomugqa wesibili wokuzivikela. Ihamba kancane kune-cache ye-L1, kodwa ngokubuyisela inikeza amandla amakhulu kakhulu . Idatha engasafaneleki ku-L1 kodwa esasebenza emisebenzini eqhubekayo ivame ukuphela lapha.

Kuye ngomklamo we-CPU, i-cache ye-L2 ingaba yimfihlo ku-core ngayinye noma yabelwane phakathi kwama-core amaningi ku-cluster . Kwamanye ama-processor, ama-core aqoqwa ngamabhulokhi futhi anikezwe i-cache evamile ye-L2; kwamanye, i-core ngayinye ine-cache yayo ye-L2, okwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kokuhambisana.

Kunezakhiwo lapho izinga le-L2, isikhathi eside, laliyizinga lokugcina le-cache elitholakalayo, lisebenza cishe njenge-L3 kuma-processor amanje. Namuhla, i-Intel ne-AMD zisebenzisa ukucushwa nge-cache ye-L3 eyabiwe , kodwa indlela i-L2 ne-L3 ezisatshalaliswa ngayo ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ngabe ziyi-cores ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-cores asebenza kahle kakhulu, noma ama- chiplets ahlukene.

Ngamagama aqondile, ungasuka kuma-kilobytes ambalwa e-L2 cache ngomgogodla ngamunye kumabanga ayisisekelo uye kuma-megabytes amaningana e-L2 cache ngomgogodla ngamunye kuma-processor noma amaseva athuthukile, into ethinta ngokusobala ukusebenza kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga idatha eningi.

I-L3 noma i-LLC cache: izinga lokugcina elabiwe

I-cache ye-L3 (Level 3), ebizwa nangokuthi i-LLC (Last Level Cache), iyizinga lokugcina ku-hierarchy ye-cache ehlanganiswe nephakheji eyinhloko ye-CPU. Iyimemori ye-cache enkulu kunazo zonke kodwa ehamba kancane ngaphakathi kwe-chip yeprosesa, futhi ivame ukwabelwana ngayo phakathi kwawo wonke ama-core noma okungenani amaqembu amakhulu awo.

Ngokungafani ne-L1 ne-L2, ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa eduze ne-core ngayinye, i-L3 yakhelwe njengendawo enkulu ehlanganisiwe engagcina idatha kanye nemiyalelo futhi wonke ama-core angafinyelela kuwo uma engakwazi ukuthola lokho akufunayo emazingeni awo endawo.

Lolu hlobo lokwabelana luvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise amasu athakazelisayo kakhulu, njengokukhulisa usayizi ngokusebenzisa i-3D stacking. Lokhu kunjalo ngobuchwepheshe be-AMD be-3D V-Cache , obungeza ama-chiplet engeziwe e-cache engxenyeni ye-CPU ukuze baphindaphinde inani le-cache ye-L3 etholakalayo ngaphandle kokukhulisa kakhulu indawo engaphezulu ye-chip eyinhloko.

I-cache ye-L3 ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngemodeli: kusukela kuma-megabyte ambalwa kuma-processor alula, kuya kumashumi noma ngisho namakhulu ama-megabyte e-cache ye-L3 kuma-CPU eseva noma amamodeli ane-3D stacking eklanyelwe imisebenzi enzima kakhulu, njengezizindalwazi, i-virtualization, noma imidlalo esebenza kahle kakhulu.

I-L4 Cache: Izinga Elingavamile

Nakuba kungavamile kuma-processor edeskithophu anamuhla, i-L4 cache ikhona futhi ivele kwamanye amamodeli athile njengokusekelwa okwengeziwe , ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleke i-GPU enamandla ehlanganisiwe. Kulezi zimo, i-L4 ivame ukusetshenziswa ngememori efana ne-eDRAM futhi itholakala kuphakheji ehlukile eseduze kakhulu ne-CPU.

Isibonelo esidala kwakuyi-Intel's Core i5 5775C, eyayihlanganisa i-cache encane yendabuko ye-L3 ne- 128 MB ye-eDRAM esetshenziswa njenge-cache ye-L4 ukusheshisa ukufinyelela kwememori kwehluzo ezihlanganisiwe. Le cache ye-L4 isebenze njenge-buffer ye-bandwidth ephezulu phakathi kwe-GPU ne-RAM, okunciphisa ukuthembela okuqondile kweprosesa yehluzo kwimemori yesistimu.

Ama-cache e-L4 awakaze asakazeke kuma-desktop, kodwa angase aphinde avele njengoba ukwakheka kwe-CPU ne-GPU okuhlanganisiwe kuthuthuka, ikakhulukazi ngokukhula kwekhompyutha ye-AI eku-PC.

Indlela imemori ye-CPU cache esebenza ngayo ekusebenzeni

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-cache ayisebenzi njenge-RAM encane kangangokuthi umhleli wezinhlelo angaqondisa i-CPU kumakheli athile. Eqinisweni, ukuphathwa kwe-cache kuyazenzakalela futhi akucaci kusofthiwe : yi-hardware ye-CPU enquma ukuthi iyiphi idatha okufanele ikopishwe, ukuthi ihlelwe kanjani, nokuthi ilahlwe nini.

Uma sisebenzisa uhlelo, imiyalelo yalo kanye nedatha kuqala kuya endaweni yokugcina (i-SSD noma i-HDD), bese kulayishwa ku-RAM, bese kusuka lapho, izingcezu zememori eziseduze nekheli i-CPU elisebenzisayo zikopishwa ku-cache. Le khophi ayikhawulelwe ekhelini eliqondile elidingekayo, kodwa idlulela ebhulokini lememori elizungezile, silindele ukuthi idatha eseduze nayo ingase ibe usizo maduze.

I-CPU ayibuzi ngqo i-RAM ukuze ibone ukuthi idatha ikhona yini; ukulandelana kuyaguqulwa: ekufinyeleleni ngakunye, kuqala ihlole i-L1, bese kuba yi-L2, bese kuba yi-L3, futhi kuphela uma yehluleka kuwo wonke amazinga lapho izosebenzisa khona i-RAM . Ukuthola idatha ku-cache kubizwa ngokuthi "ukushaya," kanti ukuya ku-RAM (noma ngisho nesitoreji) kuyi-cache "miss".

Ama-algorithm angaphakathi anesibopho sokugcinwa kwedatha okunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi isetshenziswe kabusha kanye nokukhipha ulwazi olungasadingeki. Lezi izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezicabangela amaphethini okufinyelela, ukuhambisana phakathi kwama-cores, kanye nesakhiwo somzimba sememori.

Isihluthulelo ukuthi njalo uma i-CPU kufanele ilinde i-nanosecond eyengeziwe ukuze ithole idatha, lokhu kuhunyushwa kube imijikelezo yewashi elahlekile . Uma ubheka ukuthi i-CPU yesimanje icubungula izigidigidi zemijikelezo ngomzuzwana, ukuqongelela ukubambezeleka okuqhubekayo ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwe-cache kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokusebenza okuphelele.

Ukulandelana kokusetshenziswa kwe-cache kanye nokubambezeleka

Uma iprosesa idinga ucezu lwedatha noma umyalelo, ihlala ilandela indlela efanayo: okokuqala ibukeka ku-L1 , okuyiyona eshesha kakhulu; uma ingekho, iqhubekela ku-L2; uma ingekho, iya ku-L3. Kuphela uma yehluleka kuzo zonke lezo zigaba lapho ifinyelela khona i-RAM, okuyi-oda eziningana ezisheshayo ngesikhathi sokufinyelela.

Kuprosesa yesimanje, singathola ukubambezeleka okungaphansi kwe-nanosecond eyodwa ye-L1 , ama-nanosecond ambalwa e-L2, kanye namanani anezinombolo ezimbili ze-L3. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-RAM ingaba nokubambezeleka okukhulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi, kuye ngesivinini (MT/s) kanye nezikhathi (CL) zemodyuli.

Isibonelo, iprosesa yesizukulwane sakamuva seRyzen ingaba ne-cache ye-L1 engaba ngu-512 KB ene-latency engaba ngu-0,7 ns, i-cache ye-L2 engu- 8 MB ene-latency engaba ngu-2-3 ns , kanye ne-cache ye-L3 engu-32 MB enesikhathi sokufinyelela esimaphakathi esingaphezudlwana nje kwe-10 ns. I-DDR5 RAM, noma isebenza kuma-frequency aphezulu kanye nokucushwa kweziteshi ezimbili, isebenza ngama-latency ngokulandelana kwamashumi amaningana ama-nanosecond.

Uma i-cache inkulu, isikhala sayo sihlala ku-chip ye-silicon futhi ukubambezeleka kwayo kuvame ukuba phezulu; ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi kumele balinganisele usayizi, isivinini, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nezindleko . Ubuchwepheshe obufana nokufaka i-3D stacking buvumela ukwanda komthamo we-cache ye-L3 ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu indawo engaphezulu kwe-chip eyinhloko, yize kuhlale kukhona ezinye izindlela zokushintshana, njengokunciphisa okuncane kokuvama okuphezulu noma ukulinganiselwa kokudlula ngokweqile.

Uma ukufinyelela okuphumelelayo kwenzeka ku-cache ye-L1 noma ye-L2, i-CPU ayilahlekelwa yinoma yimiphi imijikelezo elindile, kodwa uma usesho lufinyelela ku-RAM, ukusebenza kuthinta kakhulu. Yingakho ama-processor ane -cache encishisiwe noma aklanywe kabi evame ukusebenza kabi, ngisho nangemvamisa efanayo nangenani elifanayo lama-cores.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-cache, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji

I-PC isebenzisa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zememori: isitoreji (i-HDD/SSD), i-RAM, kanye ne-CPU cache. Isitoreji esikhulu yisona esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi esihamba kancane , esigcina uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo, namafayela. I-RAM ishesha futhi isebenza njengendawo yokusebenza evamile yezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cache ye-CPU incane kakhulu kodwa ishesha kakhulu . Umsebenzi wayo ukusebenza njenge-buffer phakathi kwe-RAM kanye ne-core execution, ngakho-ke i-CPU akudingeki ifinyelele njalo kwimemori eyinhloko. Izinga ngalinye le-cache lisondeza idatha kancane ku-core futhi linciphisa ukubambezeleka okusebenzayo.

Ukuthuthukisa isivinini se-RAM kanye nokubambezeleka kunganciphisa kancane ukuphuthelwa kwe-cache, njengoba i-CPU izobhekana nenhlawulo encane yokusebenza uma kufanele ifinyelele imemori eyinhloko . Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, isihluthulelo sokusebenza sisekukhuliseni izinga lokushaya kwe-cache ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezingcono, futhi-ke, umthamo owengeziwe emazingeni afanele.

Ngakho-ke, yize i-RAM isalokhu ibaluleke kakhulu (ikakhulukazi emithwalweni esindayo kakhulu noma ekusebenzeni okuningi ngokweqile), i-cache isibe yinto ebalulekile eyenza umehluko wangempela phakathi kwemiklamo ye-CPU enenani elifanayo lama-cores nama-frequency.

I-Cache vs. i-Scratchpad RAM

Ngaphakathi kweprosesa ngokwayo akugcini nje ngokuba nememori ye-cache; ezinye izakhiwo zifaka phakathi lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-Scratchpad RAM , futhi kubalulekile ukungadideki imiqondo yomibili ngoba ifilosofi yabo ihlukile kakhulu.

I-cache, njengoba sesibonile, isebenza njengekhophi yesikhashana nezenzakalelayo yedatha eku-RAM eseduze nalokho okwenziwayo njengamanje. Umhleli wezinhlelo akayiphathi ngqo: ihadiwe inquma ukuthi yini engena nokuthi yini ephumayo ngokwezinqubomgomo zayo zangaphakathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Scratchpad RAM iyimemori esebenza njenge-RAM yendawo ngaphakathi kwe-core noma i-compute block ngokwayo futhi kumele iphathwe ngokusobala yisofthiwe . Okusho ukuthi, uhlelo lukopisha idatha olufuna ukuyigcina kuleso sikhala futhi lunqume nokuthi luyisuse nini noma luyishintshe nini, njengokungathi yi-RAM yendawo kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-cache isobala ngokuphelele futhi ilawulwa yi-CPU , kuyilapho i-Scratchpad idinga ukungenelela kwekhodi okuqondile. Zombili zihlala ndawonye kuma-chip athile akhethekile, kodwa i-cache iyindinganiso kuma-processor ajwayelekile esiwasebenzisa kuma-PC, ama-laptop, namadivayisi eselula.

Imemori ye-cache ithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwangempela?

Kuleli qophelo, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo: uma amaprosesa amabili enenani elifanayo lama-cores kanye nama-frequency afanayo, ingakanani i-cache ethonya ukusebenza? Impendulo iwukuthi kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lomsebenzi , kodwa emisebenzini ethile umehluko ungaba mkhulu kakhulu.

Kutholakala icala elibonisa kakhulu amaprosesa afana ne-AMD Ryzen 7 5800X kanye nenguqulo yayo ye-5800X3D. Zombili zabelana ngesakhiwo esifanayo sesisekelo kanye nenani elifanayo lama-cores , kodwa imodeli ye-3D inezela inani elikhulu le-stacked L3 cache, isuka ku-32 MB iye ku-96 MB iyonke.

Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, kwakudingeka ukwehlisa kancane amaza esisekelo ne-turbo futhi kuqedwe izinketho zendabuko zokudlulela ngokweqile—ukuzidela okulinganiselwe, ngokombono, okunganciphisa ukusebenza okuluhlaza ngandlela thile. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuhlolwa imidlalo kanye nemithwalo ethile ezwela i-cache, ijubane lokusebenza liyamangalisa uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli ene-cache ye-L3 ehlanganisiwe.

Ezivivinyweni eziningi zemidlalo, i-5800X3D inikeza izinzuzo zamadijithi amabili ku-FPS ejwayelekile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-5800X yokuqala, futhi okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ithuthukisa ngokusobala ubuncane obungu-1%, okungukuthi, lezo zikhathi lapho injini yomdlalo ihlupheka kakhulu futhi ubona ukungakwazi noma ukwehla kokuguquguquka.

Kodwa-ke, emisebenzini yokudala okuqukethwe okunzima (ukwenza umsebenzi, eminye imisebenzi yokuhlela, njll.), ukwandisa i-cache ye-L3 akunikezi intuthuko encane noma kungase kube kubi nakakhulu ukusebenza uma amaza aphansi eba yisici esivimbelayo. Kulezi zimo, i-cache yayingeyona inkinga, kodwa yayingezinye izici ezifana namandla e-computing aluhlaza noma i-bandwidth yememori.

Imemori ye-cache kanye nokusebenza kwemidlalo

Imidlalo yevidiyo yesimanje, ikakhulukazi leyo edinga kakhulu, iphatha inani elikhulu ledatha okufanele i-CPU iyicubungule njalo: i-game logic, i-physics, i-AI, ukulungiselela izingcingo zokudonsa ze-GPU, njll. Kulesi simo, ukuba ne -cache ye-L3 enkulu futhi esetshenziswa kahle kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Ngokukwazi ukugcina idatha eyengeziwe kanye nemiyalelo ehlobene nesimo somhlaba womdlalo, i-CPU inciphisa inani lezikhathi edinga ukufinyelela kuzo i-RAM . Lokhu kuhumushela ku-FPS emaphakathi engcono ezihlokweni lapho iprosesa iyisici esikhawulelayo, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekuzinzeni okukhulu: ukwehla okumbalwa okungazelelwe kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula esivumelanayo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-AMD obubizwa ngokuthi yi-3D V-Cache buyilethe le nkinga phambili. Amamodeli afana ne-Ryzen 7 7800X3D kanye ne-7950X3D ahlanganisa inani elikhulu le-L3 cache (96 MB, 128 MB, njll.) futhi akwazile ukuzibeka phambili ekusebenzeni kwemidlalo yasekhaya ngenxa yaleli khono le-cache elengeziwe.

Isibonelo, ku-7800X3D, i-chip ihlanganisa i-1 MB ye-cache ephelele ye-L1, i-16 MB ye-cache ye-L2, kanye ne-96 MB ye-cache edumile ye-L3. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-cache isebenza kanjani kwembula ukuthi akuyona nje inombolo yokumaketha emangalisayo: ivumela "isimo" esiwusizo somdlalo ukuthi sigcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-CPU uqobo , okwandisa amathuba empumelelo futhi kunciphise ukufinyelela kwimemori.

Kodwa-ke, i-cache iyodwa ngeke isebenze izimangaliso: uma iprosesa eyisisekelo ibuthakathaka kakhulu, ukwengeza i-cache ngeke kuyishintshe ngokuzumayo ibe yisilwane. Inhlanganisela efanele yokudlala ihlala i-IPC ephezulu, isivinini esihle sewashi, i-cache eyanele, kanye ne-RAM esheshayo ene-latency encane.

Ukuma kwe-Intel ku-cache ye-3D ye-AMD

Njengoba kunikezwe impumelelo yamaprosesa eRyzen ane-3D V-Cache emidlalweni, kungaba nengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi i-Intel izolingisa isu elifanayo. Kodwa-ke, inkampani ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi, okungenani okwamanje, ayihleli ikhambi elifana namamodeli e-X3D e-AMD.

I-Intel igxile kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi yokusebenza iyonke yezimo ezahlukahlukene (ukukhiqiza, ukudala, ukudlala imidlalo, i-AI, njll.), kunokugxila kuphela endaweni lapho i-cache enkulu ye-L3 ikhanya khona kakhulu, okuyimidlalo enzima.

Lokho akusho ukuthi bayayishaya indiva i-cache: inkampani ihlela ukwandisa kancane kancane i-cache ye-L1, L2, kanye ne-L3 ezizukulwaneni zayo ezilandelayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthembela kuphela ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-cache ye-L3 njengoba kwenza i-AMD. Kuzoba nokuthuthukiswa kwe-cache, yebo, kodwa kuzosatshalaliswa futhi kuhambisane nezinguquko ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ama-hybrid cores, i-AI ehlanganisiwe, nezinye izici.

Noma kunjalo, ingcindezi yokuncintisana iyabonakala, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi emidlalo aphathekayo nawedeskithophu asezingeni eliphezulu, lapho amamodeli e-X3D e-AMD eseyi-benchmark. Kuzoba mnandi ukubona ukuthi le "mpi ye-cache" izothuthuka kanjani kugagasi elilandelayo lama-CPU.

I-cache ye-CPU uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izilondolozi zesistimu

Nakuba sivame ukukhuluma "ngenkumbulo ye-cache" uma sicabanga nge-cache ye-CPU, leli gama lisebenza kabanzi kunoma yisiphi isitoreji sedatha sesikhashana esenzelwe ukusheshisa ukufinyelela okuvamile . I-PC iqukethe izinhlobo eziningana ze-cache ngaphezu kwaleyo ehlanganiswe neprosesa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhadi ehluzo anamuhla ane -cache yawo yangaphakathi (i-GPU cache) , esiza ukuphatha ukuthungwa, ama-shaders, ama-buffer, kanye neminye idatha yehluzo ngaphandle kokuthembela njalo ku-VRAM. Ama-hard drive nama-SSD nawo afaka i-disk cache, esebenzisa i-fast memory (i-DRAM noma i-SLC, kuye ngemodeli) ukuze afunde futhi abhale nge-buffer.

Ezingeni lesofthiwe, iziphequluli, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zisebenzisa ama-cache azo: isiphequluli sigcina amafayela esikhashana, izithombe, namakhukhi kudiski ukuze kungadingeki ukuthi aphinde alandwe, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zigcina idatha esetshenziswa njalo ukuze ziqale futhi ziphendule ngokushesha.

Kwenzeka into efanayo kumafoni namathebulethi: iprosesa ine -cache yayo yangaphakathi ye-L1/L2/L3 , i-GPU ehlanganisiwe ingaba nesistimu yayo ye-cache, kanti izinhlelo zokusebenza zigcwalisa isitoreji sangaphakathi ngedatha yesikhashana ethuthukisa ulwazi... kuze kube yilapho zithatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu futhi kudingeka ukuyihlanza.

Into ebalulekile ukungadidanisi lawa ma-software noma ama-cache edivayisi ne-cache ye-CPU: anefilosofi efanayo, kodwa hhayi indawo noma isivinini esifanayo . I-cache ye-CPU ihlala ishesha kakhulu futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okumsulwa kwekhompyutha.

Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-cache kumadivayisi eselula futhi ingabe ukuyisusa kuthinta idatha yakho?

Uma sikhuluma "ngokususa i-cache" kumaselula noma ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, ngokuvamile asibhekiseli ku-cache ye-L1/L2/L3 yeprosesa (okuyihadiwe futhi ayikwazi ukususwa kanjalo nje ), kodwa sibhekisela kusitoreji sesikhashana esigcinwa izinhlelo zokusebenza kwimemori yedivayisi.

Uma usula i-cache yohlelo lokusebenza, ususa amafayela esikhashana, izithombe ezilandiwe, idatha yeseshini, njll. , kodwa hhayi izithombe zakho, amavidiyo, noma amadokhumenti akho siqu. Lokhu kugcinwa kusitoreji sakho sangaphakathi noma kwimemori khadi, hhayi ku-cache yohlelo lokusebenza.

Ngakho-ke, ukususa i-cache yohlelo lokusebenza noma uhlelo lwe-Android/iOS ngokwalo akususi izithombe zakho noma amafayela abalulekile . Nokho, kungase kubangele ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zithathe isikhathi eside ukulayisha okuqukethwe okuthile ngesikhathi esizayo uma uzivula, ngoba kuzodingeka ziphinde zikhiqize noma zilande leyo datha.

Kumadivayisi eselula, njengakuma-PC, ukususa njalo i-cache yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo kungaba umkhuba omuhle wokubuyisa isikhala sesitoreji nokuvimbela uhlelo ukuthi lungabi lude, ikakhulukazi kumamodeli anememori encane yangaphakathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cache yangaphakathi yeprosesa isobala ngokuphelele kumsebenzisi futhi "ayihlanzwa" ngesandla ; izilawula ngokwayo ngama-millisecond ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kwedivayisi.

Ngamafuphi, uma ubona inketho ethi "susa i-cache" kuselula yakho, khumbula ukuthi ufinyelela idatha yesicelo yesikhashana , hhayi i-CPU cache esiyichazile kulo lonke lesi sihloko.

Ekugcineni, inkumbulo ye-cache yeprosesa ingenye yalezo zinto ezingabonakali kodwa ezithinta yonke into: kusukela ekusheleleni komdlalo kuya esivinini lapho uhlelo luvuleka khona. Ukuqonda ukuthi luhlelwe kanjani ngamazinga (L1, L2, L3, futhi kwezinye izimo L4), ukuthi lusebenzisana kanjani ne-RAM kanye nesitoreji, nokuthi kungani ukwanda komthamo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza ezimweni ezithile, kukuvumela ukuthi ufunde imininingwane ye-CPU ngombono omusha futhi uhlole ukuthi iyafanelana ngempela nokusetshenziswa kwakho okuhlosiwe, kungaba ukudlala imidlalo, umsebenzi, ukudala okuqukethwe, noma ukujabulela nje uhlelo olusabela kakhudlwana empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.