Iyini i-processor cache memory futhi kungani ibalulekile?

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Iningi labantu liyaqaphela i-nuclei, i- imvamisa yeprosesa kanye nomkhiqizoKodwa ayinaki ingxenye ebalulekile eyenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwangempela: i-CPU cache. Le bhulokhi encane yememori, efihliwe ngaphakathi kwe-chip ngokwayo, yayingenye yentuthuko enkulu emlandweni wokubala, ivimbela iprosesa ukuthi ilinde ukufika kwedatha.

Uma wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani amaprosesa amabili anejubane elifanayo lewashi ebonakala esebenza ngendlela ehlukile, impendulo ivame ukuba semininingwaneni efana ne- usayizi we-cache, uhlu, kanye nesivininiUkuqonda ukuthi iyini, isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ithonya kanjani imisebenzi efana nokudlala imidlalo, ukudala okuqukethwe, noma ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kukusiza ukuthi uchaze kangcono imininingwane bese ukhetha i-CPU yakho elandelayo.

Iyini ngempela inkumbulo ye-processor cache?

I-CPU cache iyi- Imemori esheshayo ehlanganiswe ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kweprosesaeklanyelwe ukugcina idatha nemiyalelo i-CPU eyidingayo ngokuphindaphindiwe esikhathini esifushane. inqamaI-cache, efakwe kumamojula ahlukene kubhodi lomama, inamathele ku-computing core, ngokufinyelela okucishe kube ngokushesha.

Singacabanga nge-cache njengohlobo "lwebhentshi lokusebenzela" lapho iprosesa igcina khona idatha oyisebenzisa kakhulu "ngesandla"Esikhundleni sokuzilanda njalo ku-RAM noma kudiski, lokhu kusondela kanye nesivinini sazo esikhulu kunciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokulinda ze-CPU.

Nakuba i-PC yesimanje ingaba nayo isitoreji kumadiski noma ama-SSD ama-terabytes amaningana y Izinkumbulo ze-RAM Phakathi kuka-8 no-64 GB (noma ngaphezulu kumaseva), i-cache ilinganiswa ngama-megabytes noma ngisho nama-kilobytes. Lo mthamo omncane awuyona inkinga: inhloso yawo akukhona ukugcina konke, kodwa yilokho kuphela iprosesa ekubona njengokungase kukudinge futhi ngokushesha.

Kumaprosesa okuqala, ingxenye yememori ye-cache yayitholakala ngisho ngaphandle kwe-chip, kubhodi lomama, okwaletha ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe. Emiklamo yesimanje, Ama-cache e-L1, L2, kanye ne-L3 ahlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwephakheji yeprosesa.ukunciphisa amabanga angokoqobo, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokufinyelela, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

Amazinga e-cache: L1, L2, L3 kanye ne-L4 engavamile

Inkumbulo ye-cache yeprosesa yesimanje akuyona ibhulokhi elilodwa, kodwa ukuhlelwa kwamazinga anejubane namakhono ahlukeneKuvamile ukuthola ama-cache e-L1, L2 kanye ne-L3, kanti kweminye imiklamo ethile kukhona i-cache eyengeziwe ye-L4, exhunywe kakhulu kwimidwebo ehlanganisiwe noma ukucushwa okukhethekile kakhulu.

Umbono ojwayelekile uhlala ufana: izinga eliphansi (L1)Uma iseduze kakhulu nomgogodla, ishesha kakhulu, kodwa inesikhala esincane. Njengoba sikhuphuka (L2, L3, L4) sithola amandla kodwa silahlekelwa yisivinini futhi ukubekezela kokufinyelela kuyanda.

Kuprosesa yedeskithophu evamile singahamba kusuka kokumbalwa amakhulu amakhilobhayithi enqolobane ye-L1 ngomongo ngamunye, lokhu kuhunyushwa kuma-megabyte amaningana e-L2 cache kanye namashumi (noma ngisho namakhulu) ama-megabyte e-L3 cache eyabiwe. Kumapulatifomu noma amaseva aphezulu, izibalo ezihlaba umxhwele ngempela zingafinyelelwa, ngamashumi ama-megabyte e-L2 cache kanye namakhulu ama-megabyte e-L3 cache.

Lolu hlu lwezinhlelo luklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze i-CPU ikwazi ukuthola iningi ledatha ngezinga elisheshayo ngangokunokwenzekaukunciphisa ukufinyelela kwimemori eyinhloko nokusebenzisa ngokugcwele umjikelezo wewashi ngalinye leprosesa.

I-L1 Cache: Umugqa Wokuqala Wempi

I-cache ye-L1 (Level 1) iyizinga eliseduze kakhulu namayunithi okusebenza e-kernel, ngakho-ke, inkumbulo esheshayo kakhulu ohlelweni lonkeUmthamo wayo mncane kakhulu, kodwa ukubambezeleka kwayo kuyingxenye encane kakhulu kune-nanosecond, okubalulekile ukuze kunikwe amandla umongo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

I-cache ye-L1 ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene: i-cache yedatha kanye ne-cache yemiyalelo. Lokhu kuvumela iprosesa ukuthi... Funda ngesikhathi esifanayo lokho okufanele ukwenze (imiyalelo) nokuthi yiluphi ulwazi okufanele ulwenze ngaphandle kokuthi zombili izinto zincintisane ngesikhala esifanayo senkumbulo.

Ezindaweni eziningi zesimanje, ingqikithi ngayinye ine i-cache yayo ye-L1 ezimeleAkukho ukuvumelana okuqondile phakathi kwalezi zinqolobane ze-L1 zama-core ahlukene, kodwa lokho akuyona inkinga ngoba i-core ngayinye ifinyelela kuphela ingxenye yayo. Uma iprosesa enama-core angu-8 ikhangisa, isibonelo, i-512 KB ye-cache ye-L1, ngokuvamile izoba ne-64 KB nge-core ngayinye, ehlukaniswe phakathi kwedatha nemiyalelo.

Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, lapho i-CPU ithola ulwazi ngempumelelo ku-cache ye-L1, ukufinyelela kushesha kangangokuthi umthelela wokusebenza awubonakali. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukuncishiswa ku-cache ye-L1 kuvame ukuhunyushwa... ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza okuphawulekayo kakhulu ngaphansi kwemithwalo ethile yomsebenzi.

I-L2 Cache: isinyathelo sesibili

I-L2 (Level 2) cache isebenza njengomugqa wesibili wokuzivikela. Ihamba kancane kune-L1, kodwa ngokuphindisela inikeza umthamo omkhulu kakhuluYilapho idatha engasafaneleki ku-L1 kodwa esasebenza emisebenzini eqhubekayo ivame ukuphela khona.

Kuye ngomklamo we-CPU, i-L2 cache ingaba iyimfihlo ku-core ngayinye noma eyabelwe phakathi kwama-core amaningi ahlanganisiweKwamanye amaprosesa, ama-core aqoqwa ngamabhulokhi futhi anikezwa i-cache evamile ye-L2; kwamanye, i-core ngayinye ine-cache yayo ye-L2, okwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kokuhambisana.

Kunezakhiwo lapho izinga le-L2, isikhathi eside, laliyizinga lokugcina le-cache elitholakalayo, lisebenza njenge-cache ye-L3 kuma-processor amanje. Namuhla, i-Intel ne-AMD zombili zisebenzisa ukucushwa nge-L3 eyabiweKodwa-ke, indlela i-L2 kanye ne-L3 cache ezisatshalaliswa ngayo ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ama-cores ayo asebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-cores asebenza kahle kakhulu, noma ama-chiplet ahlukene.

Ngamagama aqondile, umuntu angasuka ku- amakhilobhayithi ambalwa e-L2 cache nge-core ezinhlelweni zezinga lokuqala kuya kuma-megabytes amaningana e-L2 cache nge-core kuma-processor noma amaseva athuthukile, into ethinta ngokusobala ukusebenza kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga idatha eningi.

I-L3 noma i-LLC cache: izinga lokugcina elabiwe

I-cache ye-L3 (Level 3), ebizwa nangokuthi i-LLC (Last Level Cache), iyizinga lokugcina kuhlu lwe-cache oluhlanganiswe nephakheji ye-CPU eyinhloko. Yiyona inkumbulo yenqolobane enkulu kodwa ehamba kancane ngaphakathi kwe-chip yeprosesa, futhi ngokuvamile yabelwana phakathi kwawo wonke ama-core noma okungenani phakathi kwamaqembu amakhulu awo.

Ngokungafani ne-L1 ne-L2, ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa eduze ne-nucleus ngayinye, i-L3 yakhelwe njenge- indawo enkulu ehlanganisiwe okungagcina idatha kanye nemiyalelo futhi okungafinyelelwa yiwo wonke ama-kernel uma engakwazi ukuthola lokho akufunayo emazingeni awo endawo.

Lolu hlobo lokwabelana luvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise amasu athakazelisayo kakhulu, njengokwandisa usayizi ngokusebenzisa i-3D stacking. Lokhu kunjalo ngobuchwepheshe. I-AMD 3D V-Cache, engeza ama-chiplet e-cache engeziwe engxenyeni ye-CPU ukuze iphindaphinde inani le-cache ye-L3 etholakalayo ngaphandle kokwandisa kakhulu indawo engaphezulu ye-chip eyinhloko.

I-cache ye-L3 ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngemodeli: kusukela kuma-megabytes ambalwa kuma-processor alula, kuya kumashumi noma ngisho amakhulu ama-megabytes enqolobane ye-L3 kuma-CPU eseva noma amamodeli e-3D ahlanganisiwe aklanyelwe imisebenzi enzima kakhulu, njengezizindalwazi, i-virtualization, noma imidlalo esebenza kahle kakhulu.

I-L4 Cache: Izinga Elingavamile

Nakuba kungavamile kuma-processor edeskithophu anamuhla, i-L4 cache ikhona futhi ivele ku- amanye amamodeli athile njengokusekelwa okwengeziweikakhulukazi uma kuhileleke i-GPU enamandla ehlanganisiwe. Kulezi zimo, i-L4 cache ivame ukusetshenziswa ngememori efana ne-eDRAM futhi itholakala kwiphakheji ehlukile eseduze kakhulu ne-CPU.

Isibonelo esidala kwakuyi-Intel's Core i5 5775C, eyayihlanganisa i-cache encane yendabuko ye-L3 kanye I-128 MB eDRAM isetshenziswe njenge-L4 ukusheshisa ukufinyelela kwimemori yehluzo ehlanganisiwe. Le cache ye-L4 isebenze njenge-buffer ye-bandwidth ephezulu phakathi kwe-GPU ne-RAM, okunciphisa ukuthembela okuqondile kwengxenye yehluzo kwimemori yesistimu.

I-L4 ayikasabalali kakhulu kudeskithophu, kodwa ingaphinde ithole ukuvelela njengoba ukwakheka kwe-CPU kanye ne-GPU okuhlanganisiwe kuthuthuka, ikakhulukazi ngokukhula kwekhompyutha ye-AI ku-PC uqobo.

Indlela imemori ye-CPU cache esebenza ngayo ekusebenzeni

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-cache ayisebenzi njenge-RAM encane kangangokuthi umhleli wezinhlelo angaqondisa i-CPU kumakheli athile. Eqinisweni, Ukuphathwa kwe-cache kuyazenzakalela futhi akucaci kusofthiwe.Yi-hardware ye-CPU enquma ukuthi iyiphi idatha okufanele ikopishwe, ukuthi ihlelwe kanjani, nokuthi kufanele ilahlwe nini.

Uma sisebenzisa uhlelo, imiyalelo yalo kanye nedatha kuqala kuya endaweni yokugcina (i-SSD noma i-HDD), bese kulayishwa ku-RAM, bese kusuka lapho, izingcezu zememori eziseduze nendawo esetshenziswa yi-CPU Zikopishwa ku-cache. Le khophi ayikhawulelwe ekhelini eliqondile elidingekayo, kodwa idlulela ebhulokini lememori elizungezile, okulindeleke ukuthi idatha eseduze nayo ingase ibe usizo maduze.

I-CPU ayibuzi ngqo i-RAM ukuthi idatha ikhona yini; ukulandelana kuyaguqulwa: ekufinyeleleni ngakunye, kuqala ihlola i-L1, bese kuba yi-L2, bese kuba yi-L3, futhi kuphela uma yehluleka kuwo wonke amazinga. izosebenzisa i-RAMUkuthola idatha ku-cache kubizwa ngokuthi "ukushaya," kanti ukuya ku-RAM (noma ngisho nesitoreji) kuyi-cache "miss".

Ama-algorithms angaphakathi aphatha i-caching ulwazi okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lusetshenziswe kabusha bese ukhipha lokho okungasalindelekile ukuthi kudingeke. Lezi izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezicabangela amaphethini okufinyelela, ukuhambisana phakathi kwama-cores, kanye nesakhiwo somzimba senkumbulo.

Isihluthulelo ukuthi njalo uma i-CPU kufanele ilinde i-nanosecond eyengeziwe ukuze ithole ucezu lwedatha, lokhu kuhunyushwa ku- imijikelezo yewashi elahlekileUma sicabanga ukuthi i-CPU yesimanje icubungula izigidigidi zemijikelezo ngomzuzwana, ukuqongelela ukubambezeleka okuqhubekayo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-cache kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokusebenza okuphelele.

Ukulandelana kokusetshenziswa kwe-cache kanye nokubambezeleka

Uma iprosesa idinga ucezu lwedatha noma umyalelo, ihlala ilandela indlela efanayo: ukubuka kokuqala ku-L1okuyinto esheshayo; uma ingekho, iya ku-L2; uma ingekho futhi, iya ku-L3. Kuphela uma yehluleka kuzo zonke lezo zigaba lapho ifinyelela khona i-RAM, okuyinto ehamba kancane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufinyelela.

Kuprosesa yesimanje singathola ukubambezeleka kwe- ngaphansi kwe-nanosecond eyodwa ye-L1amasekhondi ambalwa e-L2 kanye namanani ezinombolo ezimbili e-L3. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-RAM ingaba nokubambezeleka okuphindwe kashumi, kuye ngesivinini (MT/s) kanye nezikhathi (CL) zemodyuli.

Isibonelo, iprosesa yesizukulwane sakamuva seRyzen ingaba ne-cache ye-L1 engaba ngu-512 KB ene-latency engaba ngu-0,7 ns, kanye ne-cache ye-L2 ye 8 MB cishe ngama-ns angu-2-3kanye ne-cache engu-32MB L3 enesikhathi sokufinyelela esimaphakathi esingaphezudlwana nje kwe-10 ns. Ngisho noma isebenza kumaza aphezulu kanye nakuziteshi ezimbili, i-DDR5 RAM ine-latencies elandelana nanoseconds angamashumi amaningana.

Uma i-cache inkulu, kulapho ihlala khona isikhala esiningi ku-chip ye-silicon futhi ukubambezeleka kwayo kuvame ukuba phezulu; yingakho abakhiqizi kufanele bayilinganisele. usayizi, isivinini, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezindlekoUbuchwepheshe obufana nokufakwa kwe-3D buvumela ukwandisa umthamo we-L3 ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu indawo engaphezulu kwe-chip eyinhloko, yize kuhlale kukhona okunye ukuguquguquka okufanele kwamukelwe, njengokunciphisa okuncane kokuvama okuphezulu noma ukulinganiselwa kokusebenzisa i-overclocking.

Uma kwenzeka ukushaywa ku-cache ye-L1 noma ye-L2, i-CPU ayilahlekelwa yinoma yimiphi imijikelezo elindile, kodwa uma usesho lufinyelela ku-RAM, ukusebenza kuthinta kakhulu. Yingakho amaprosesa ane- ukusika izinqolobane, noma uma zakhiwe kabi, zivame ukusebenza kabi ngisho nangemvamisa efanayo nangenani elifanayo lama-core.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-cache, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji

I-PC inezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zememori: isitoreji (i-HDD/SSD), i-RAM, kanye ne-CPU cache. Isitoreji esikhulu yisona likhulu futhi lihamba kancanelapho kuhlala khona lonke uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo, namafayela. I-RAM ishesha futhi isebenza njengendawo yokusebenza evamile yezinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-CPU cache, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyi encane kunazo zonke kodwa eshesha kakhuluUmsebenzi wayo ukusebenza njenge-buffer phakathi kwe-RAM kanye ne-execution core, ngakho-ke i-CPU akudingeki ifinyelele njalo kwimemori eyinhloko. Izinga ngalinye le-cache lisondeza idatha kancane ku-core futhi linciphisa ukubambezeleka okusebenzayo.

Ukuthuthukisa isivinini se-RAM kanye nokubambezeleka kungasiza ekunciphiseni kancane ukuphuthelwa kwe-cache, njengoba Uma i-CPU kufanele isebenzise imemori eyinhloko, inhlawulo izoba ngaphansiKodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, isihluthulelo sokusebenza sisekukhuliseni izinga lokushaya kwe-cache ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezingcono, futhi-ke, umthamo owengeziwe emazingeni afanele.

Ngakho-ke, yize i-RAM isalokhu ibaluleke kakhulu (ikakhulukazi emisebenzini enzima kakhulu noma emisebenzini eminingi kakhulu), i-cache isibe yi-"" isici esibalulekile esenza umehluko wangempela phakathi kwemiklamo ye-CPU enenani elifanayo lama-core nama-frequency.

I-Cache vs. i-Scratchpad RAM

Iprosesa ngokwayo ingase ingaqukathi nje kuphela imemori ye-cache; ezinye izakhiwo zihlanganisa nalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi I-RAM ye-ScratchpadFuthi kubalulekile ukungadidanisi imiqondo yomibili ngoba amafilosofi ayo ahlukene kakhulu.

I-cache, njengoba sesibonile, Isebenza njengekhophi ezenzakalelayo neyesikhashana kusukela kudatha ye-RAM eseduze nalokho okwenziwayo. Umhleli wezinhlelo akayiphathi ngqo: ihadiwe inquma ukuthi yini engenayo nokuthi yini ephumayo ilandela izinqubomgomo zayo zangaphakathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-RAM ye-Scratchpad iyimemori esebenza njenge-RAM yendawo ku-core noma i-computing block uqobo kanye Kumelwe iphathwe ngokucacile yisofthiweNgamanye amazwi, uhlelo lukopisha mathupha idatha olufuna ukuba nayo kuleso sikhala futhi luphinde lunqume ukuthi luyihlanze noma luyishintshe nini, njengokungathi yi-RAM yendawo kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-cache okusobala ngokuphelele futhi okulawulwa yi-CPUNakuba i-Scratchpad idinga ukungenelela kwekhodi okuqondile. Zombili zihlala ndawonye kuma-chip athile akhethekile, kodwa i-cache iyindinganiso kuma-processor ajwayelekile esiwasebenzisa kuma-PC, ama-laptop, namadivayisi eselula.

Imemori ye-cache ithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwangempela?

Kuleli qophelo, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo: uma amaprosesa amabili enenani elifanayo lama-cores kanye nama-frequency afanayo, ingakanani i-cache ethinta ukusebenza? Impendulo iwukuthi Kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lomsebenziKodwa emisebenzini ethile umehluko ungaba mkhulu kakhulu.

Isibonelo esicacile kakhulu yileso samaprosesa afana ne-AMD Ryzen 7 5800X kanye nenguqulo yayo ye-5800X3D. Zombili ziyabelana ukwakheka kwesisekelo esifanayo kanye nenani elifanayo lama-coresKodwa imodeli ye-3D inezela inani elikhulu le-stacked L3 cache, isuka ku-32 MB iye ku-96 MB iyonke.

Ukuze kwenzeke, kwakudingeka yehlisa kancane imvamisa yesisekelo ne-turbo kanye nokususa izinketho zendabuko zokudlula ngokweqile, ukuzidela okulinganiselwe okungathi ngokombono kunganciphisa ukusebenza okuluhlaza ngandlela thile. Kodwa-ke, lapho kulinganiswa imidlalo kanye nemithwalo ethile ezwela i-cache, ijubane lokusebenza liyamangalisa uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli ene-cache ye-L3 ehlanganisiwe.

Ezivivinyweni eziningi zemidlalo, i-5800X3D inikeza izinzuzo zamadijithi amabili ku-FPS ejwayelekile Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-5800X yokuqala, futhi into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ithuthukisa ngokusobala ubuncane be-1%, okungukuthi, lezo zikhathi lapho injini yomdlalo ihlupheka kakhulu futhi ubona ukungingiza noma ukwehla kokuguquguquka.

Kodwa-ke, emsebenzini wokudala okuqukethwe okunzima (ukwenza, imisebenzi ethile yokuhlela, njll.), Ukwandisa i-L3 akulethi lutho olungcono noma kungenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu. uma amaza aphansi eba yisici esikhawulelayo. Kulezi zimo, i-cache kwakungeyona inkinga, kodwa kunalokho kwakungenye izici ezifana namandla e-computing aluhlaza noma i-bandwidth yememori.

Imemori ye-cache kanye nokusebenza kwemidlalo

Imidlalo yevidiyo yesimanje, ikakhulukazi leyo edinga kakhulu, iphatha inani elikhulu ledatha okufanele i-CPU iyicubungule njalo: i-logic yomdlalo, i-physics, i-AI, ukulungiselela izingcingo zokudonsa ze-GPU, njll. Kulesi simo, ukuba ne- isilondolozi se-L3 esikhulu nesisetshenziswa kahle kungenza umehluko obonakalayo.

Ngokukwazi ukugcina idatha eyengeziwe kanye nemiyalelo ehlobene nesimo somhlaba womdlalo, i-CPU Inciphisa inani lezikhathi edinga ukufinyelela kuzo i-RAM.Lokhu kuhumushela ku-FPS engcono ngokwesilinganiso ezihlokweni lapho iprosesa iyisici esikhawulelayo, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, kube ukuzinza okukhulu: ukwehla okumbalwa okungazelelwe kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula esihambisanayo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-AMD obubizwa ngokuthi yi-3D V-Cache buyilethe le ndaba phambili. Amamodeli afana ne-Ryzen 7 7800X3D kanye ne-7950X3D ayayihlanganisa. inani elikhulu le-L3 (96 MB, 128 MB…) Futhi bakwazile ukuzibeka phambili ekusebenzeni kahle emidlalweni yasekhaya ngenxa yalelo khono elengeziwe lokugcina idatha.

Ku-7800X3D, isibonelo, i-chip ihlanganisa i-1 MB ye-cache ephelele ye-L1, i-16 MB ye-cache ye-L2, kanye nalezo zinqolobane ezidumile ze-96 MB ze-L3. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-cache isebenza kanjani kwembula ukuthi akuyona nje inombolo emangalisayo yezinjongo zokumaketha: Ivumela "isimo" esiwusizo somdlalo ukuthi sigcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-CPU uqobo., okwandisa amathuba okuphumelela nokunciphisa ukukhumbula inkumbulo.

Kodwa-ke, i-cache yodwa ngeke yenze izimangaliso: uma iprosesa eyisisekelo ibuthakathaka kakhulu, ukwengeza i-cache ngeke kushintshe ngokuzumayo kube yisilwane. Inhlanganisela efanele yokudlala isalokhu ikhona i-IPC ephezulu, imvamisa enhle, i-cache eyanele, kanye ne-RAM esheshayo nge-latencies elungisiwe.

Ukuma kwe-Intel ku-cache ye-3D ye-AMD

Njengoba kunikezwe impumelelo yabaprosesa beRyzen abane-3D V-Cache emidlalweni, kungaba nengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi i-Intel izolingisa isu elifanayo. Kodwa-ke, inkampani ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi, okungenani okwamanje, ayihleli ikhambi lokukopisha ikhabhoni kumamodeli e-X3D e-AMD.

I-Intel igxile kakhulu ku- gcina ibhalansi yokusebenza okuphelele ngezimo ezahlukahlukene (ukukhiqiza, ukudala, ukudlala imidlalo, i-AI, njll.), esikhundleni sokubheka nje indawo lapho i-cache enkulu ye-L3 ikhanya khona kakhulu, okuwukudlala imidlalo okumsulwa, okunzima.

Lokho akusho ukuthi kuyakhohlwa nge-cachet: inkampani iyakucabanga ngempela lokho. khulisa kancane kancane i-L1, i-L2 kanye ne-L3 ezizukulwaneni zayo ezilandelayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthembela kuphela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwe-L3 cache njengoba kwenza i-AMD. Kuzoba nokuthuthukiswa kwe-cache, yebo, kodwa kuzosatshalaliswa futhi kuhambisane nezinguquko ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ama-hybrid cores, i-AI ehlanganisiwe, nokuningi.

Noma kunjalo, ingcindezi yokuncintisana iyabonakala, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi emidlalo ephathekayo nawedeskithophu asezingeni eliphezulu, lapho amamodeli e-X3D e-AMD eseyi-benchmark. Kuzoba mnandi ukubona ukuthi kanjani Le "mpi ye-cache" iyashintsha kugagasi elilandelayo lama-CPU.

I-cache ye-CPU uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izilondolozi zesistimu

Nakuba sivame ukukhuluma "ngenkumbulo ye-cache" sicabanga nge-cache ye-CPU, leli gama lisebenza kabanzi ku- noma yisiphi isitoreji sedatha sesikhashana esenzelwe ukusheshisa ukufinyelela okuphindaphindiweKu-PC, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-cache ezihambisanayo ngaphezu kwaleyo ehlanganiswe neprosesa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhadi ehluzo esimanje Banazo i-cache yangaphakathi yakho (i-GPU cache)Lokhu kusiza ukuphatha ukuthungwa, ama-shaders, ama-buffer, kanye neminye idatha yehluzo ngaphandle kokuthembela njalo ku-VRAM. Ama-hard drive nama-SSD afaka phakathi nokugcinwa kwe-disk caching, kusetshenziswa i-fast memory (i-DRAM noma i-SLC, kuye ngemodeli) ukuze kufundiswe futhi kubhalwe nge-buffer.

Ezingeni lesofthiwe, iziphequluli, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zisebenzisa ama-cache azo: isiphequluli sigcina kudiski amafayela esikhashana, izithombe namakhukhi ngakho akudingeki uphinde uzilande, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zigcina idatha esetshenziswa njalo ukuze ziqale futhi ziphendule ngokushesha.

Kwenzeka into efanayo kumafoni namathebulethi: iprosesa ineyayo isilondolozi sangaphakathi L1/L2/L3I-GPU ehlanganisiwe ingaba nesistimu yayo yokugcina idatha, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zigcwalisa isitoreji sangaphakathi ngedatha yesikhashana ethuthukisa ulwazi... kuze kube yilapho zithatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu futhi kudingeka ukuyihlanza.

Into ebalulekile ukungadidanisi lezi zinqolobane zesofthiwe noma zedivayisi nenqolobane ye-CPU: Babelana ngefilosofi, kodwa hhayi indawo noma isivininiUkusebenza kwe-CPU kusalokhu kushesha kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha okumsulwa.

Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-cache kumadivayisi eselula futhi ingabe ukuyisusa kuthinta idatha yakho?

Uma sikhuluma "ngokususa i-cache" kumaselula noma ezinhlelweni zokusebenza, ngokuvamile asisho i-cache ye-L1/L2/L3 yeprosesa (okuyi- ihadiwe futhi ayinyamalali nje kanjalo), kodwa kusitoreji sesikhashana esigcinwa izinhlelo zokusebenza kwimemori yedivayisi.

Uma usula i-cache yohlelo lokusebenza, lokho okusulayo yilokhu amafayela esikhashana, izithombe ezilandiwe, idatha yeseshini, njll.Kodwa hhayi izithombe zakho, amavidiyo, noma amadokhumenti akho siqu. Lokhu kugcinwa kusitoreji sakho sangaphakathi noma kwimemori khadi, hhayi kuleyo cache yohlelo lokusebenza.

Ngakho-ke, ukususa i-cache yohlelo lokusebenza noma uhlelo lwe-Android/iOS uqobo Ayisusi izithombe zakho noma amafayela abalulekile.Yebo, kungabangela ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zithathe isikhathi eside ukulayisha okuqukethwe okuthile ngesikhathi esizayo uma uzivula, ngoba kuzodingeka ziphinde zikhiqize noma zilande leyo datha futhi.

Kumadivayisi eselula, njengakuma-PC, ukususa i-cache yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile kungaba umkhuba omuhle we buyisela indawo yokugcina futhi kuvimbele uhlelo ukuthi lungabi lude, ikakhulukazi kumamodeli anenkumbulo encane yangaphakathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cache yangaphakathi yeprosesa isobala ngokuphelele kumsebenzisi futhi "Akuhlanzwa" ngesandla; iphathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngama-millisecond ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kwedivayisi.

Ngamafuphi, uma ubona inketho ethi "susa i-cache" efonini yakho, cabanga ngayo njengokuthepha idatha yesikhashana yohlelo lokusebenzaakuyona imemori ye-CPU cache esiyichazile kulo lonke lesi sihloko.

Ekugcineni, inkumbulo ye-cache yeprosesa ingenye yalezo zinto ezingabonakali kodwa ezithinta yonke into: kusukela ekusheleleni komdlalo kuya esivinini lapho uhlelo luvuleka khona. Ukuqonda ukuthi luhlelwe kanjani ngamazinga (L1, L2, L3, futhi kwezinye izimo L4), ukuthi lusebenzisana kanjani ne-RAM kanye nesitoreji, nokuthi kungani ukwanda komthamo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza ezimweni ezithile, kukuvumela ukuthi ufunde imininingwane ye-CPU ngombono omusha futhi uhlole ukuthi iyafanelana ngempela nokusetshenziswa kwakho okuhlosiwe, kungaba ukudlala imidlalo, umsebenzi, ukudala okuqukethwe, noma ukujabulela nje uhlelo olusabela kakhudlwana empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.