Izibonelo zemisebe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

Ikhava » Izihloko » Izibonelo zemisebe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

Izibonelo zemisebe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

1. Ukukhanya kwelanga: umthombo oyinhloko wemisebe

Ukukhanya kwelanga kuwumthombo oyinhloko wemisebe emhlabeni wethu. Ilanga likhipha i-spectrum ebanzi yemisebe ye-electromagnetic, okuhlanganisa:

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV).

La Imisebe ye-UV Inesibopho sokushuka nokushiswa yilanga. Ukuchayeka ngokusesilinganisweni emisebeni ye-UV kunenzuzo ekuhlanganisweni kwevithamini D emzimbeni wethu, kodwa ukuchayeka ngokweqile kungabangela ukulimala kwesikhumba futhi kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Imisebe ebonakalayo

Imisebe ebonakalayo iyingxenye ye-electromagnetic spectrum amehlo ethu angayibona. Le misebe isenza sikwazi ukubona imibala futhi isinikeze ukukhanya okudingekayo ukuze senze imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke.

Imisebe ye-infrared (IR)

La Imisebe ye-IR Yiwona obangela ukuzwa ukushisa esikuzwayo lapho sichayeka elangeni. Le misebe imuncwa isikhumba sethu futhi isinikeze umuzwa omnandi wokufudumala ngezinsuku ezibandayo.

2. Imishini kagesi nemisebe

Esikhathini sedijithali, sizungezwe izinto zikagesi ezikhipha izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe:

Omakhalekhukhwini namaza omsakazo

Omakhalekhukhwini bakhipha imisebe yefrikhwensi yomsakazo (RF) ukuze baxhumane nemibhoshongo yamaselula. Nakuba amazinga emisebe akhishwa omakhalekhukhwini ephansi, kuyatuswa ukusebenzisa isipikha noma imodi yama-headphone ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka emisebeni eduze kwekhanda.

Ama-oven ama-microwave kanye nemisebe ye-microwave

Amahhavini ama-microwave asebenzisa imisebe ye-microwave ukushisa ukudla. La maza abangela ukuba ama- molecule amanzi asekudleni anyakaze, akhiqize ukushisa. Amahhavini ama-microwave aklanyelwe ukuqukatha imisebe ngaphakathi, ngakho aphephile ukuwasebenzisa inqobo nje uma umnyango kahhavini usesimweni esihle.

Izikrini zedivayisi nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Izikrini zemishini yethu ye-elekthronikhi, efana nama-smartphone, amaphilisi namakhompyutha, zikhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le misebe ingathinta imijikelezo yethu yokulala uma sichayeka kuyo ngokweqile ngaphambi kokuba silale. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izihlungi zokukhanya okuluhlaza noma uvule imodi yasebusuku kumadivayisi ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kule misebe.

3. Imisebe ekhaya

Ngisho nangaphakathi ezindlini zethu, sichayeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemisebe:

Imitshina yentuthu kanye ne-ionizing radiation

Ezinye izinto zokuthungatha intuthu zisebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezikhipha imisebe, njenge-americium-241, ukuze zithole ukuba khona kwentuthu. Lezi zithungatha zikhipha amazinga aphansi kakhulu emisebe ye-ionizing, engabangeli ingozi empilweni.

Amawashi akhanyayo ne-tritium enemisebe

Abanye amawashi nezinsimbi zokulinganisa Basebenzisa i-tritium enemisebe ukukhanyisa izandla zabo nomaka. I-Tritium ikhipha ukukhanya okufiphele ngenxa yokubola kwayo ngemisebe, kodwa amazinga okukhishwa kwemisebe aphansi kakhulu futhi awayingozi empilweni.

Oshimula kanye nemisebe ye-infrared

Izindawo zokubasa umlilo nezitofu zezinkuni zikhipha imisebe ye-infrared uma zibasiwe. Le misebe isinikeza umuzwa wokufudumala nokunethezeka ngezinsuku ezibandayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga eliphephile ukuze ugweme ukusha.

4. Ukukhishwa kwemisebe kwezokwelapha

I-radiation iyithuluzi elibalulekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha, elisetshenziselwa kokubili ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa:

Ama-X-ray ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha

I-X-ray iwuhlobo lwemisebe ye-ionizing esetshenziswa kuma-X-ray kanye nezikena ze-computed tomography (CT) ukuze kwakhiwe izithombe zangaphakathi emzimbeni. Lezi zithombe zisiza odokotela ukuthi bahlonze ukuphuka, izifo zamaphaphu, izimila nezinye izimo.

I-Radiotherapy ekwelapheni umdlavuza

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing enamandla kakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Imishayo ekhipha imisebe iqondiswe ngqo esimila, inciphisa umonakalo esiculweni esinempilo esizungezile.

Umuthi wenuzi kanye nama-tracer emisebe

Emithini ye-nuclear, kusetshenziswa ama-radioactive tracers afakwa emzimbeni wesiguli. Lawa ma-tracer akhipha imisebe ye-gamma, etholwa ikhamera ekhethekile ukuze yakhe izithombe ezisebenzayo zezitho nezicubu, esiza ekuxilongeni nasekuqaphelweni kwezifo.

5. Imisebe emvelweni

Imisebe ayiveli kuphela emithonjeni yokwenziwa, kodwa futhi ikhona ngokwemvelo endaweni yethu:

Imisebe yangemuva ye-cosmic

Umhlaba uhlale uchayeke emisebeni ye-cosmic background, okuyizinhlayiya ezinamandla amakhulu eziphuma emkhathini. Le misebe inamandla kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme, njengalapho indiza indiza, kodwa amazinga okuchayeka ngokuvamile aphansi.

I-radioactivity yemvelo emadwaleni nasenhlabathini

Amadwala amaningi nenhlabathi kuqukethe izakhi ezikhipha imisebe ngokwemvelo, njenge-uranium ne-thorium. Lezi zakhi ngokwemvelo zikhipha imisebe ye-ionizing, enomthelela emisebeni engemuva esichayeka kuyo.

I-radon ezindaweni zasendlini

I-radon iyigesi ekhipha imisebe ekhiqizwa ukubola kwemvelo kwe-uranium enhlabathini nasemadwaleni. Le gesi inganqwabelana ezindaweni ezisendlini, ikakhulukazi ezindlini ezingaphansi nasezindaweni ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-radon kungase kwandise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

6. Imisebe embonini nakwezobuchwepheshe

Imisebe nayo inezinhlobonhlobo izicelo embonini kanye nobuchwepheshe:

Ukwenziwa inzalo ngemisebe ye-Gamma

Imisebe ye-Gamma isetshenziselwa ukuvala inzalo emikhiqizweni yezokwelapha, ukudla, nezinye izinto. Le misebe enamandla amakhulu iqeda ama-microorganisms kanye namagciwane, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo.

I-X-ray yezimboni yokulawula ikhwalithi

Ama-radiographs ezimbonini asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubuqotho besakhiwo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezingxenye ezinjengamapayipi, amashisela nezingxenye zendiza. Lawa ma-X-ray angathola imifantu, amaphutha nokunye okungahle kuphazamise ukuphepha nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo.

I-Radiocarbon dating emivubukulweni

I-Radiocarbon dating yindlela esebenzisa ukubola kwe-radioactive ye-carbon-14 ukunquma iminyaka yezinto eziphilayo, njengezinsalela zezitshalo namathambo. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kabanzi emivubukulweni kuze kube manje izinto zobuciko nezinsalela zabantu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezibonelo zemisebe empilweni yansuku zonke

1. Ingabe yonke imisebe iyingozi empilweni? Cha, akuyona yonke imisebe eyingozi.

Imisebe ye-ionizing enamandla amakhulu, njengama-X-reyi nemisebe ye-gamma, ingabangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana futhi yandise ingozi yomdlavuza uma ukuchayeka kungaphezu kwamandla. Nokho, imisebe engeyona i-ionizing, njengokukhanya okubonakalayo namaza omsakazo, ngokuvamile ayibeki ingozi yezempilo emazingeni okuchayeka avamile.

2. Ngingazivikela kanjani emisebeni yelanga?

Ukuze uzivikele emisebeni yelanga, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen enento eyanele yokuvikela ilanga (SPF), ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela njengezigqoko namahembe anemikhono emide, futhi ugweme ukuchayeka elangeni ngokuqondile ngezikhathi eziphakeme (ngokuvamile ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-4 ntambama).

3. Ingabe kuphephile ukusebenzisa ihhavini le-microwave?

Yebo, amahhavini ama-microwave aphephile ukuthi angawasebenzisa inqobo nje uma esesimweni esihle futhi esetshenziswa ngokwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Imisebe ye-Microwave iqukethwe kuhhavini futhi ayenzi ingozi empilweni.

4. Ingabe imisebe yeselula iyingozi?

Kuze kube manje, abukho ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi imisebe ekhishwa omakhalekhukhwini iyingozi empilweni. Kodwa-ke, njengesinyathelo sokuqapha, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imodi yesipika noma i-headphone ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa kwemisebe eduze kwekhanda.

5. Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-radiotherapy ekwelapheni umdlavuza?

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yindlela yokwelapha yomdlavuza esebenzayo esebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing enamandla kakhulu ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kunganciphisa ubukhulu bamathumba, kudambise izimpawu futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo yeziguli ezinomdlavuza.

6. Ikalwa kanjani imisebe?

Imisebe ikalwa ngamayunithi ahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwemisebe. Isibonelo, umthamo wemisebe ye-ionizing ikalwa ngama-sieverts (Sv) noma ama-rems, kuyilapho amandla emisebe engabonisi ionizing, njengokukhanya okubonakalayo, akalwa ngamawathi ngemitha yesikwele (W/m²).

Isiphetho ngezibonelo zemisebe yokuphila kwansuku zonke

Imisebe yinto ethokozisayo ekhona ezicini eziningi zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuya ku- izicelo zezokwelapha nezimboni, imisebe idlala indima ebalulekile emhlabeni wethu. Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe zingaba yingozi emazingeni amaningi ngokweqile, imithombo eminingi yemisebe esichayeka kuyo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ayibeki ingozi enkulu empilweni.

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe nendlela esebenzisana ngayo nendawo esihlala kuyo kusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise izinzuzo zayo futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho kudingeka.

Ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, singathola izibonelo eziningi zemisebe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ezibonisa ukubaluleka kwayo nokuba khona yonke indawo. Isibonelo, imisebe yelanga ayibalulekile nje kuphela ekwenzeni i-photosynthesis ezitshalweni, kodwa ibalulekile nasekukhiqizeni uvithamini D emizimbeni yethu.

Esinye isibonelo semisebe empilweni yansuku zonke sihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-microwaves ekhishini ukushisa ukudla, okuyindlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokusebenzisa imisebe ye-electromagnetic. Ukwengeza, emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ama-X-ray nama-CT scan ayizibonelo zemisebe yokuphila kwansuku zonke evumela ukuxilonga okunembile nokwelashwa okufanele, okubonisa indlela imisebe engaba wusizo futhi ezuzisa ngayo lapho isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.