Ukuqapha iseva: izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zemvelo ethembekile

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ukuqapha iseva: izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zemvelo ethembekile

Elula ukwanda kwe-CPU okungalawulwa kuseva ebalulekile Kungase kubonakale njengendaba yobuchwepheshe, kodwa enkampanini yangempela kuhunyushwa kube ama-oda angacutshungulwanga, imigqa yokukhiqiza emisiwe, kanye namakhasimende akhungathekile. Emikhakheni ebucayi, njengezemithi noma ezempilo, iseva ehamba kancane noma ephansi ingabeka ngisho nokusebenza engcupheni. ukuthobela imithetho, ama-SLA kanye nokwethenjwa kwamakhasimende.

Ngakho-ke, kulezi zinsuku impilo yeseva ifana kakhulu ne- ukuqapha isevaUhlelo oluhle lokuqapha, oluklanywe kahle futhi olusebenza kahle ngemikhuba emihle kakhulu, lwenza umehluko phakathi kokuthola inkinga ngesexwayiso esilawulwayo noma ngocingo oluthukuthele oluvela kumakhasimende. Kuyo yonke le mhlahlandlela, sizochaza ngokuthula kodwa ngokuphelele, Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqapha amaseva (angokoqobo, angokoqobo, amafu, kanye neziqukathi), izindlela zokulinganisa ezibalulekile okufanele uziqaphele, amathuluzi avame kakhulu nokuthi ungazuza kanjani ngokugcwele kuzo.

Kuyini ukuqapha iseva futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka?

Uma sikhuluma ngokuqapha iseva, sibhekisela enqubweni kala, urekhode futhi uhlaziye Qapha njalo ukutholakala nokusebenza kwengqalasizinda esekela izinsizakalo zakho: amaseva ewebhu, amaseva ohlelo lokusebenza, izizindalwazi, ama-VM, iziqukathi, isitoreji, kanye nenethiwekhi ehlobene. Lokhu kuhilela ukulinganisa, ukuloba, kanye nokuhlaziya amapharamitha afana nalawa I-CPU, imemori, idiski, ukusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi, amasevisi, amalogi, kanye nemicimbi ukuthola izinto ezingavamile ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizigameko ezinkulu.

Iseva ingase "ivuliwe" ngokomthetho kodwa inikeza isipiliyoni somsebenzisi esibi por ukubambezeleka okuphezuluamaphutha aqhubekayo noma izinsizakalo zokulenga. Umgomo wokuqapha akukhona nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsingathi uphendula ku-ping, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo wemisebenzi oncike kuwo (izinhlelo zokusebenza, izizindalwazi, ama-API, izinsizakalo zangaphakathi) Zisebenza njengoba bekulindelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuqapha oluhlelwe kahle lukusiza ukuthi uhambisane izidingo zokuphepha nezomthetho, a bhala phansi ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezimali Lokhu kakade kuqinisekisa ukutshalwa kwezimali emandleni noma ezixazululweni ezintsha. Futhi, njengokungathi lokho akwanele, kunikeza idatha ebalulekile yomlando ye Lungiselela ingqalasizinda, unciphise izindleko, futhi uthuthukise ukuzinza.

Ukungazinaki ukuqapha kuza nezindleko: ingozi enkulu yoku ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyberUkulahleka kwedatha ngenxa yokwehluleka okungabonakali, izikhathi ezinde zokungasebenzi, ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo wangaphakathi, umthelela oqondile emalini engenayo kanye umonakalo omkhulu edumeleniAkusikho ukweqisa ukusho ukuthi, ezinhlanganweni eziningi, ukuqapha iseva manje sekuyimfuneko eyisisekelo yokusinda.

Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ebalulekile yokuqapha iseva

Ukusebenzisa ithuluzi ngaphandle kwesu elicacile kuvame ukuphelela amaphaneli agcwele idatha engafanele Futhi kuxwayisa ukuthi akekho onaka. Lena yimikhuba ebalulekile okufanele iqaliswe kusukela ngosuku lokuqala ukuze ukuqapha kufake inani ngempela.

1. Qapha ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo (ihadiwe, inethiwekhi, kanye nomsingathi)

Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene ezilinganisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, qiniseka ukuthi uyakwazi ukulawula izici eziyisisekelo kakhulu zemvelo noma ezingokoqobo esekela izinsizakalo zakho:

• Ihadiwe kanye nemvelo: isimo samandla, izinhlelo zokupholisa, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, amafeni, izinsiza zamandla ezingadingeki.
• Isistimu yokusingatha kanye nokusebenzaUmthwalo we-CPU, ukusetshenziswa kwe-RAM, ukusetshenziswa kwediski, ukubambezeleka kwe-I/O kanye nesilinganiso, amaphutha ediski, izinqubo ezilengayo.
• Ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi: ukubambezeleka, ukulahleka kwephakethe, ukugcwala kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, amaphutha okudlulisa, ukutholakala kwezixhumanisi ezibalulekile.

Ukuqapha lesi sendlalelo kuvumela ukutholwa izithiyo kanye nokwehluleka kwehadiwe kudala ngaphambi kokuba bawise iseva. Izigameko eziningi ezimbi ziqala kanje. izexwayiso zokushisa okuphezulu, imikhakha emibi, noma ukukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwe-CPU ukuthi uhlelo oluhle lokuxwayisa lungabamba ngesikhathi.

2. Qapha imithwalo yemisebenzi encike kuyo (izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo)

Amaseva awekho kwezemidlalo: ayasekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi kanye nezinsizakalo ezibalulekileYingakho kunganele ukubheka nje i-CPU kanye nememori; kufanele uqaphele ukuthi lokho umsebenzisi akusebenzisayo kuziphatha kanjani ngempela.

Uma kwenzeka izicelo, kungcono ukuqapha njalo:

• Ukutholakala kwangempela kohlelo lokusebenza (Ukuhlolwa kwe-HTTP, ukuthengiselana okwenziwe, ukuqapha kwangempela komsebenzisi).
• Izikhathi zokuphendula amaphuzu okugcina abalulekile kanye nokubambezeleka kokusebenza okubalulekile.
• Izinga lephutha (Amakhodi angu-5xx, okuhlukile, amaphutha okucabanga kwebhizinisi).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngenqubo noma isevisi ukuhlukanisa ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye edla umshini.

Ngokuphathelene nezinsizakalo zengqalasizinda, uhlelo oluhle kumele luhlale luqapha I-DNS, i-LDAP, i-SMTP, i-IMAP, i-FTP, i-Telnet, i-NNTP, izinsizakalo zokuqinisekisa, imigqa yemiyalezo, njll. Un Ukwehluleka kwe-DNS okuthuleIsibonelo, ingabhidliza ingxenye yesistimu yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi umsingathi abonakale ebhidlikile.

3. Hlanganisa futhi uhlaziye izingodo zeseva

Izingodo ziyindlela yokuqonda okwenzekayo endaweni yakho, uma nje zingakwenzi lokho... zihlakazekile futhi azihlobeneOkungcono kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise ikhambi lokuqapha amalogi eliqoqa imicimbi evela ku:

• Isistimu yokusebenza: izehlakalo ezibucayi, amaphutha e-kernel, ukuqalisa kabusha, izinkinga zehadiwe.
• Aplicaciones: ukulandelwa kwamaphutha, okuhlukile, izikhathi zokusebenza ezingavamile, izinkinga zokuqinisekisa.
• Ukuphepha: imizamo yokungena ehlulekile, izinguquko zemvume, umsebenzi osolisayo.

4. Qapha ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza futhi wakhe amandla okusebenza ngokushesha

Izinkinga zokusebenza ezingathi sína kakhulu aziveli ngokuzumayo: zibonakala kumagrafu. Ukuhlaziya izitayela ze I-CPU, inkumbulo, idiski nenethiwekhi Ikuvumela ukuthi ulindele isidingo esiphezulu futhi uhlele ukwanda ngaphambi kokuba sekwephuze kakhulu.

Amathuluzi okuqapha ukusebenza kweseva yesimanje asetshenziswa idatha yomlando ehlanganiswe ne-AI kanye nokufunda komshini Lokhu kusiza ukubikezela ukuthi uzofinyelela nini imikhawulo ebalulekile (80%, 90%, 100%) ezinsizeni ezibalulekile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukunquma ukuthi uzokhulisa nini, wengeze ama-node engeziwe, noma ulungise ukucushwa kohlelo lokusebenza.

Le ndlela yokuvimbela inomthelela oqondile ku-ROI: igwema isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla futhi inciphisa ukwenziwa kwezinto ngomzuzu wokugcina, okuvame ukuba kubiza kakhulu futhi kuyingozi kakhulu.

5. Qapha izitsha kanye nezindawo zamafu

Njengoba kusetshenziswa kakhulu ama-microservices kanye ne-cloud computing, imithwalo yemisebenzi eminingi ibekwa efwini. izitsha (i-Docker, i-Kubernetes) kanye namapulatifomu afana ne-AWS, i-Azure, noma i-GCPLezi zindawo ziyashintshashintsha, zesikhashana, futhi zisakazeke kakhulu, ngakho-ke zidinga indlela ethile yokuqapha.

Uma uqapha izitsha, kuyalulekwa ukulandelela izilinganiso ezifana nalezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU, imemori, kanye nediski ngesitsha noma i-pod ngayinye.
• Isivinini sokudlulisa inethiwekhi kanye namaphutha okuxhumana phakathi kwezinsizakalo.
• Ukubalwa kwezibonelo nokujikeleza (Uma beqala kabusha kaningi, kukhona okungahambi kahle).
• Ukubambezeleka nezikhathi zokuphendula yezinsizakalo eziveziwe.

Efwini, okuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa isixazululo esihlanganisiwe esihambisana nabahlinzeki abakhulu, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone kukhonsoli eyodwa ukuthi kwenzekani esikhungweni sakho sedatha esisezindaweni kanye nasezinsizeni zakho zamafu: imishini ebonakalayo, ama-load balancers, izizindalwazi eziphethwe, imisebenzi engenaseva, njll.

6. Sebenzisa ukuzenzekela, i-AI, kanye nokufunda komshini

Indawo enkulu ngokulinganayo ingadala izinkulungwane zemicimbi kanye nezaziso ngosukuNgaphandle kwezinga elihle lokuzenzakalela, ithimba lokusebenza liyakhungatheka futhi liyeke ukunaka izimpawu ezibalulekile.

Amapulatifomu esimanje afaka i-AI/ML ku:

• Nciphisa umsindo wesaziso ukuqoqa imicimbi ehlobene nokuhlunga imiphumela engemihle.
• Ukuthola amaphethini angajwayelekile ezinganciki kuphela emikhawulweni eqondile (isb., ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile naphezu kokuba “kungaphakathi kwebanga”).
• Ukubikezela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba zivele (amadiski asezohluleka, ukwanda kokulibaziseka, ukuvuza kwememori).
• Qalisa izenzo ezizenzakalelayo: qala kabusha izinsizakalo, sikala izinsiza, shintsha ithrafikhi kusuka ku-node enenkinga, njll.

Imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo inciphisa amaphutha abantu, isheshise izikhathi zokuphendula, futhi isize ekugcineni ukusebenza okuzinzilengisho namaqembu amancane noma ingqalasizinda enkulu kakhulu.

7. Beka phambili ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso nezinkomba ezibalulekile okufanele uziqaphele

Akuzona zonke izinto ezingaqashwa noma okufanele ziqashwe ngezinga elifanayo lemininingwane. Inhlangano ngayinye inezidingo zayo ezithile. ama-KPI aqondene nokusebenzaKodwa-ke, kunesethi yezilinganiso ezicishe zibe yindawo yonke okufanele zifakwe kunoma iyiphi ideshibhodi engathi sína:

• Ukutholakala yeseva nezinhlelo zokusebenza (isikhathi sangempela sokusebenza esibonwayo).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU, imemori, kanye nediskikokubili emhlabeni jikelele kanye nangenqubo.
• Ukubambezeleka nesikhathi sokuphendula kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile nama-API.
• Izicelo ngomzuzwana kanye nomphumela (isivinini sokudlulisa idatha).
• Izinga lephutha ngesevisi noma indawo yokugcina.
• Ukubalwa kwezintambo, izinqubo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwememori kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
• Izilinganiso zesikhathi sokusebenza, njenge-GC kanye ne-stack ku-JVM, imigqa kumasevisi emiyalezo, njll.
• Ukujikeleza kwesitsha kanye nesiboneloukuthola izinkinga zokuzinza kanye nokukhula.

Ukukhetha into efanele okufanele uyibheke nokuthi yiliphi izinga le-granularity okwenza umehluko phakathi kokuqapha okulawulekayo kanye isiphithiphithi sedatha esingabonwa muntu.

Ukuqapha amaseva abonakalayo kanye nezindawo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu

I-Virtualization ivumele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ukuthi zihlanganiswe zibe amaseva ambalwa angokwenyama, kodwa futhi yethule izingqimba ezintsha zobunzima kanye nengoziI-host eyodwa ebonakalayo ingamukela imishini eminingi ebonakalayo; uma yehluleka noma ihamba kancane, umthelela uyaphindaphindwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo eziku-inthanethi zivame ukuba nazo indawo yokuhlasela eyengeziwe kanye nokuncika okwengeziwe (ama-hypervisor, isitoreji esabiwe, njll.), ngakho-ke adinga ukuqapha okukhethekile, okuhambisana nalokho kwamaseva angokoqobo.

Setha isisekelo sokusebenza

Endaweni ebonakalayo, kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi uhlelo luziphatha kanjani uma konke kusebenza kahle. isisekelo sokusebenza Kumane kuyisethi yamanani ajwayelekile ezilinganiso zakho ezibalulekile (i-CPU, inkumbulo, i-IO, ukubambezeleka) ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

Ukuba nalelo phuzu lokubhekisela kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokushesha ukuphambuka: uma i-host evame ukusebenzisa i-CPU engu-40% ikhuphuka ngokuzumayo iye ku-85% amahora amaningi, yize ingadlulanga u-90% womkhawulo wakho ohleliwe, Uyazi ukuthi kukhona okungajwayelekile okwenzekayoOkufanayo kusebenza ezikhathini zokuphendula ze-VM, ukugcwala kwesitolo sedatha, noma ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi.

Ukusebenzisa ukuzenzekela ekuphathweni kwe-VM

Ukuphatha imishini ebonakalayo ngesandla kuyindlela yokudala isiphithiphithi. Ukuzenzakalela kusiza ukwenza wonge isikhathi futhi ugweme amaphutha aphindaphindwayo emisebenzini efana nalokhu:

• Ukuqalisa kabusha noma ukusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo yama-VM ayeke ukuphendula noma abhajwe.
• Ukuhambisa ama-VM phakathi kwababungazi uma kutholwa inkinga yomthamo noma yehadiwe.
• Beka ama-VM ku-standby noma uwavale uma kungadingeki ukuze kukhululwe izinsiza.
• Sebenzisa ama-VM amasha kusuka kumathempulethi ngokulindela imithwalo ephakeme ehleliwe.

Uma ukwenza okuzenzakalelayo kuhlanganiswa kakhulu nohlelo lwakho lokuqapha, kuzoba lula kakhulu. sabela uma kushisa ngaphandle kokuthi iqembu linamathele ku-console amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.

Phatha ithrafikhi ebonakalayo nengeyona ebonakalayo ngokubaluleka okulinganayo

Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ithrafikhi yangaphakathi phakathi kwama-VM ibhekwe njenge "engabalulekile kangako" kunethrafikhi yangaphandle, kanti empeleni Yilokho okusekela umqondo webhizinisi: ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinsizakalo ezincane, izizindalwazi, imigqa yangaphakathi, njll.

Isincomo sicacile: ukuqapha okunezinga elifanayo lemininingwane ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi (ebonakalayo) neyangaphandleLokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi yimaphi ama-VM abeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu kunethiwekhi, lapho kunezithiyo khona, nokuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo ezingasebenza kangcono komunye umgcini noma ngisho nanjengeseva ezinikele.

Yenza usayizi ofanele weseva yokusingatha ebonakalayo

I-host yangempela ephethe ama-VM akho kumele ibe nayo indawo eyanele ye-CPU, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji ukuze kuthathwe iziqongo, ukukhula, kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa (njengokufuduka okubukhoma). Akukhona nje "ukufaka yonke into," kodwa mayelana nokuba nekhono lokusabalalisa kabusha izinsiza uma kudingeka.

Uma i-host yangempela isemkhawulweni wayo, noma yisiphi isigameko esincane singawisa ama-VM amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuqapha okuhle kufanele kukunike ukubonakala kokubili izinsiza zomsingathi ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-VM ngayinye, ukugwema ukwaba ngokweqile nokungakutholi lapho sekwephuze kakhulu.

Ukulawula imishini ebonakalayo "ye-zombie"

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kulula ngama-VM ukuqoqa lokho Azisasebenzi nganoma iyiphi injongo.Kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-CPU, i-RAM, kanye nesitoreji: lezi yimishini ebonakalayo yama-zombie edumile. Lawa ma-VM angonakalisa ukusebenza okuphelele, enze kube nzima ukuphatha, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, abe yingozi yokuphepha uma engabuyekezwa.

Ukubuyekeza njalo uhlu lwempahla, ukuluqhathanisa nedatha yokusetshenziswa kwangempela, kukuvumela ukuthi thola ama-VM angasebenzi noma angasetshenziswa kahle bese uzicima noma uzisuse. Kungenye yezindlela ezisheshayo zokubuyisa izinsiza ngaphandle kokutshala imali kuhadiwe entsha.

Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuqapha i-virtualization elizinikele

Nakuba amanye ama-hypervisor afaka izinsiza zokuqapha zendabuko, avame ukwehluleka uma kuqhathaniswa izixazululo ezikhethekile ze-virtualizationLawa mathuluzi avumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

• Sebenzisa ama-VM ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ngokwezifanekiso.
• Amafasitela okulungisa uhlelo bese usebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokuvala/zokuvula.
• Ukusebenza kwe-host ehambisanayo kanye ne-VM imininingwane eminingi.
• Khwela kalula lapho imvelo ikhula.

Ungasebenzisa indawo ebonakalayo ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo zezixazululo, kodwa uzoyeka iningi lamandla e-virtualization futhi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqapha okukhulu.

Izilinganiso ezibalulekile okufanele ziqashwe ekuqapheni iseva

Akuzona zonke izindlela zokulinganisa ezinomthelela ofanayo kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi noma empilweni yesistimu. Ukugxila kusethi ethile ye izinkomba ezikhethwe kahle Kwenza ukwenza izinqumo kube lula futhi kwenza kube lula ukucushwa kwezixwayiso.

Izilinganiso zokusebenza eziyisisekelo

Ezingeni leseva, amanye amapharamitha abalulekile kunoma yiliphi iphaneli:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU: umthwalo wamanje, izilinganiso ngomongo ngamunye, izinqubo ezisebenzisa kakhulu.
• ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo: imemori esetshenzisiwe, imemori etholakalayo, ama-buffer/i-cache, ukushintshana, kanye nezinqubo eziphezulu.
• Idiski kanye ne-I/O: isikhala esitholakalayo ngevolumu ngayinye, i-IOPS, ukubambezeleka kokufunda/ukubhala, amaphutha ediski.
• Ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi: i-bandwidth esetshenzisiwe, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo, ukubambezeleka, ukulahleka kwephakethe.

Izinga lokusebenzisa i-CPU noma imemori elihlala liphezulu lingabonisa ukuthi iseva ayikwazi ukuphatha umthwalo, kuyilapho Isikhala sediski sisemkhawulweni waso noma i-I/O ihamba kancane Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ezikhathini ezimbi zokuphendula kanye nokuvimba kwenqubo. Uma usola izinkinga zememori, kungcono ukusebenzisa i- ukuhlolwa kwememori ye-RAM okuthuthukisiwe ukuqeda ukuvuza noma ukwehluleka kwehadiwe.

Izilinganiso ezigxile kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi

Ngaphandle kwezinsizakusebenza, kubalulekile ukukala ukuthi umsebenzisi wokugcina ubona kanjani uhlelo. Ezinye izindlela ezibalulekile zokulinganisa zifaka:

• Ukubambezeleka nesikhathi sokuphendula amakhasi abalulekile nama-API.
• Izicelo ngomzuzwana kanye nomthamo wemisebenzi eqediwe.
• Izinga lephutha emisebenzini ebalulekile (izinkokhelo, ukungena ngemvume, ukubhaliswa, njll.).
• Ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo kulinganiswa ngokuhlolwa okwenziwe ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Kukhona amaseva abonakala enempilo ngokombono wezinsiza kodwa anikeza umuzwa omubi womsebenzisi ngenxa yamaphutha anengqondo, izithiyo zohlelo lokusebenza, noma izinkinga zokuxhumeka kwangaphandle. Lezi zilinganiso zisiza ukuvala leso sikhala.

Izilinganiso ezikhethekile zezindawo ze-Java, izitsha, kanye nezinsizakalo ezincane

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java, isibonelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela Ukuziphatha kwe-JVM (umqoqi kadoti, usayizi wenqwaba, ukusetshenziswa kwentambo) ngoba izinkinga kulezi zindawo zibonakala njengokumiswa isikhathi eside, ukuvuza kwenkumbulo, noma ukuqanda.

Ezakhiweni ezisekelwe ezitsheni kanye nezinsizakalo ezincane, izilinganiso ezifana ukubalwa kwezibonelo, izinga lokuqalisa kabusha, izikhathi zokuthunyelwa, ukubambezeleka phakathi kwezinsizakalo Osayizi bomugqa wangaphakathi babalulekile ekutholeni izinsizakalo ezingazinzile noma ukulungiselelwa kokukala okungalungiswanga kahle.

Amathuluzi okuqapha iseva: izinhlobo nezibonelo

Imakethe yamathuluzi okuqapha ihlukene kakhulu: unakho konke okuvela izixazululo ze-SaaS ezihlanzekile kusukela kumapulatifomu omthombo ovulekile kuya emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano engafakwa endaweni. Imodeli ngayinye inezinzuzo nezingozi zayo, futhi kuvamile ukuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana.

Izixazululo zokuqapha i-SaaS

Amathuluzi e-SaaS asetshenziswa nge-inthanethi, kanti ipulatifomu ibanjwe efwini lomhlinzeki. Ngokuvamile ayaziwa kakhulu ukulula kokusetshenziswa, ukukhuliswa, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphansiPhakathi kwezinzuzo zayo ezivamile:

• Zikhokhelwa ngokubhalisela, ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwehadiwe.
• Zikhula kalula njengoba inkampani ikhula.
• Zivuselelwa njalo futhi zithuthukiswa ngaphandle kokuba ikhasimende lenze noma yini.
• Ziwusizo kakhulu qapha izindawo ezisatshalaliswe kanye namafu amaningi.

Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi amapulatifomu aqondiswe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwedijithali kanye nokusebenza kweseva okufana nalokhu Zilinganisa isikhathi sokusebenza, izikhathi zokuphendula, umthwalo we-CPU, idiski kanye nokusetshenziswa kwememori kusuka ezindaweni eziningi, kukhiqiza amadeshibhodi kanye nezaziso ezinemininingwane zamaqembu e-IT kanye namabhizinisi.

Amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile

I-ecosystem yomthombo ovulekile inamandla kakhulu emkhakheni wokuqapha. Amathuluzi afana ne-Nagios, i-Zabbix, i-Icinga, i-Sensu, kanye ne-Prometheus avumela ukusetha izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu ngelayisensi yamahhala. Amandla ayo ngokuvamile yilawa:

• Amandla aphezulu okwenza ngokwezifiso ngama-plugin, izikripthi, namathempulethi.
• Imiphakathi emikhulu ezinikeza imibhalo, izibonelo, kanye nezandiso.
• Akukho zindleko zelayisensi, yize kudingeka ukutshalwa kwezimali ku ukuqeqeshwa nokugcinwa.

Inselele enkulu ukuthi ngokuvamile azihlanganisi, Ukusekelwa kochwepheshe okuqondileNgakho-ke, inhlangano kumele ilungele ukuthuthukisa ulwazi oludingekayo ngaphakathi noma iqashe abeluleki bangaphandle.

Izixazululo zezentengiselwano endaweni

Imikhiqizo eyimfihlo efakwe endaweni noma emafwini angasese ivame ukunikeza Ukusekelwa kwabakhiqizi, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezibuyekezo eziqinisekisiweZivamile ezinkampanini eziphakathi nezinkulu ezinezidingo zokuphepha noma zokuthobela imithetho eqinile.

Lezi zingxenyekazi zihlanganisa ukuqapha amaseva angokoqobo, amaseva abonakalayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izizindalwazi, amanethiwekhi, izinsizakalo zamafu, ngisho ne-logic yebhizinisiZihlanganisa izici ezithuthukisiwe njengokutholwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukumepha kokuxhomekeka, ukubika, ukuhlaziya, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, izimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo.

Nakuba izindleko zabo zokuqala ziphakeme kunezesisombululo somthombo ovulekile, banikeza ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu kokusebenza izinhlangano ezingafuni noma ezingakwazi ukunikela ngezinsiza zangaphakathi ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni ipulatifomu yazo.

Indlela yokukhetha ithuluzi lokuqapha: izindlela ezibalulekile

Njengoba kunezinketho eziningi kangaka, kulula ukukhungatheka. Ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kukhathalogi engapheli, kuyasiza ukuba nezindlela ezimbalwa ezicacile lapho ukhetha ithuluzi noma isethi yamathuluzi.

• Ukwehluka: ezingakhula nengqalasizinda yakho ngaphandle kokuba zingalawuleki noma zibize kakhulu.
• UkuhambisanaUkusekelwa kwangempela kwakho izinhlelo ezisebenzayoama-hypervisor, izizindalwazi, izinsizakalo zamafu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Ukusetshenziswa kalula: isikhombikubona esiqondakala kalula, amadeshibhodi acacile kanye nezilungiselelo zesexwayiso ngaphandle "kokwenza i-juggling".
• Izindleko ezipheleleAkuzona nje amalayisense, kodwa futhi nehadiwe, amahora okusebenza, ukwesekwa kanye nokuqeqeshwa.
• Izaziso eziguquguqukayo: kungenzeka ukuthumela izexwayiso nge-imeyili, i-SMS, imiyalezo, ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuthengisa amathikithi, njll., ngezihlungi namashejuli.
• Ukuhlanganiswa: ikhono lokuhlanganisa namathuluzi e-DevOps, CI/CD, ITSM, ukuqaphela kanye nokuphepha.
• Ukuphepha: ukulawula ukufinyelela, ukubethela kwedatha ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nokuphumula, ukuhlolwa kwezenzo ezikuthuluzi.

Ezimweni eziningi ikhambi elifanele lizoba inhlanganisela ithuluzi lokubona "eliphakathi" kanye nemikhiqizo ekhethekile yezindawo ezithile (amalogi, i-APM, ukuphepha, i-virtualization, njll.). Into ebalulekile ukuthi lonke iphakheji lihlinzeka ukubonakala okuhlangene kanye nekhono lokwenza okuthile.

Izindlela ezinhle zokusebenza zokusebenzisa ukuqapha

Ubuchwepheshe buyingxenye nje yomdlalo. Ingxenye yesibili yindlela ohlela ngayo imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ukuze ukuqapha kungalahleki nje ngesikhathi sokushintshwa. “Iphaneli elihle” elilenga esikrinini.

Eminye imikhuba eyenza umehluko:

• Chaza imikhawulo efanelekile ukugwema ukuqubuka kwezixwayiso ezingamanga ezingaphendulwa muntu.
• Hlanganisa izilinganiso zobuchwepheshe nezokusebenza (ingqalasizinda kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi).
• Dala amadeshibhodi ahlukene okusebenza kanye nokuphatha, ivumelaniswe nomsebenzisi.
• Buyekeza imithetho yezexwayiso ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ulungise ngokusekelwe ezigamekweni zangempela.
• Qeqesha iqembu ekusebenziseni ithuluzi nasekufundeni amamethrikhi namalogi.
• Hlanganisa ukuqapha ezinqubweni zokushintsha (ukuthunyelwa, ukuthuthukiswa, ukufuduka) ukuze ubone umthelela ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Qopha futhi uhlaziye izehlakalo ukuthembela kudatha yomlando ukuze kuvimbele ukuthi zingaphinde zenzeke.

Ngale ndlela, ukuqapha kuyayeka ukuba yisivikelo ("kuyangazisa uma kuphahlazeka") bese kuba uhlelo lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ukuzinza, ukusebenza kanye nokuphepha.

Ngamafuphi, ukusebenzisa imikhuba emihle kakhulu yokuqapha iseva—kusukela kungqimba olubonakalayo kuya ezitsheni kanye nefu, ukuhlanganisa amamethrikhi, amalogi, ukuzenzekela, kanye nobuhlakani—kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zikhule, unciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokungasebenzi, ulungise izinsiza, uqinise ukuphepha, futhi usekele ukukhula kwebhizinisi engqalasizinda ebikezelwayo nethembekile kakhulu.