Izingozi zokuvuselela i-BIOS yakho: ukuthi ikufanele nini nokuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokuphephile

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Izingozi zokuvuselela i-BIOS yakho: ukuthi ikufanele nini nokuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokuphephile

Uma wakha i-PC entsha noma ucabanga ukuthuthukisa i-laptop, kuyinto evamile ukuzibuza ukuthi yini eyiqiniso ngomqondo wokuthi Ukuvuselela i-BIOS kungenza ibhodi lomama lingasebenziPhakathi kwabangane abancoma ukukhanyisa ngesikhathi sokuqala kanye nabanye abathi kufana nokudlala i-roulette yaseRussia, ekugcineni kulula ukungazi ukuthi wenzeni.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ukubuyekeza i-BIOS/UEFI kuyinqubo ebucayi, kodwa kulezi zinsuku, uma kwenziwa ngokucophelela, Akuyona leso silo okufanele sisesabe.Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-BIOS, ukuthi kunengqondo nini ukuyibuyekeza, ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zayo zangempela, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, yiziphi izingozi obhekene nazo nokuthi ungazinciphisa kanjani.

Iyini i-BIOS (noma i-UEFI) futhi iyidlala yiphi indima kukhompyutha yakho?

Empeleni, i-BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) kanye ne-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) elandela yona yesimanje, el i-firmware eyisisekelo elawula ibhodi lomama ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza luqale. Yikhodi yokuqala esebenza uma ucindezela inkinobho yamandla.

Ngaleso sikhathi sokuqala, i-BIOS iqala i-POST (Power-On Self Test) edumile, uchungechunge lokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi I-CPU, i-RAM, ikhadi lehluzo, Isitoreji se-NVMe nezinye izingxenye ziyatholwa futhi ziyasebenza okungenani. Uma into ebalulekile yehluleka noma ingaqashelwa, ngeke ilayishe ngisho neWindows, Linux, noma yiluphi uhlelo olusebenzisayo.

Uma i-POST isiqediwe, enye ingxenye ebalulekile iyaqala ukusebenza: i-BIOS ilayisha izinketho zakho zokucushwa ezigciniwe (i-boot order, amaphrofayili abalandeli, i-RAM XMP/EXPO, izilungiselelo zokuphepha, njll.) bese kuba yilapho kuphela. nikeza ukulawula ohlelweni lokusebenzaNgaphandle kwe-firmware esebenzayo nehambisanayo, idivayisi imane nje ayiqali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BIOS akuyona nje "imenyu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" oyifinyelela nge-Delete noma i-F2; futhi iyasebenza. ungqimba oluvumela izinto ezifana Ukweqisa i-CPU ne-RAM, ukulawulwa kwe-voltage okuthuthukisiwe, ukwenziwa kusebenze ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Secure Boot noma i-TPM, kanye nokuhambisana nezizukulwane ezintsha zama-processor namayunithi okugcina.

Kunini lapho kunengqondo ukuvuselela i-BIOS (futhi nini lapho kungenangqondo)

Ezweni lehadiwe, kuvame ukushiwo lokho "Uma ingaphukile, ungayilungisi"Futhi nge-BIOS, leyo filosofi inengqondo kakhulu. Akuyona isibuyekezo okufanele usenze njalo njengabashayeli be-GPU noma ama-patches e-Windows.

Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezithile kakhulu lapho Ukuvuselela i-BIOS akunconywa nje kuphela, kodwa cishe kuyimpoqoInto ebalulekile ukuhlonza ukuthi uwela kwesinye salezi zigaba ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuveza izinto ngokuthanda kwakho noma ngoba zisemfashinini.

1. Ukuhambisana namaprosesa amasha kanye nehadiwe yakamuva

Esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuvuselela i-BIOS ukuthuthukisa ukuhambisana nehadiwe entsha. ikakhulukazi ngama-CPU esizukulwaneni esilandelayo kuleyo yebhodi lakho lomama. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kumapulatifomu ahlala esetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana, njenge-AM4 ne-AM5 ye-AMD.

Ungase uthole ibhodi lomama elinesokhethi elifana neprosesa yakho (isibonelo, isokhethi le-AM4) kodwa, elivela efektri, Ayiboni leyo modeli ethile ye-CPU uze ubuyekeze i-BIOSLokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma wakha i-PC enebhodi lomama elisekhona isikhathi esithile kanye neprosesa eyakhishwa kamuva.

Ukuze kuvinjelwe umsebenzisi ukuthi angabambeki, abakhiqizi abaningi bangeze izici ezifana ne-"BIOS Flashback", ezivumela Buyekeza i-BIOS usebenzisa idrayivu ye-USB kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kuphela....ngaphandle kokudinga ukufakwa kwe-CPU esebenzayo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, abanye abantu kwakudingeka baboleke i-CPU kumenzi ukuze bayikhanyise futhi bakwazi ukusebenzisa eyabo... kwaba yinkinga enkulu.

Ngamafuphi: uma uzofaka iprosesa entsha kunebhodi lakho le-motherboard, noma uzokwenza lokho sebenzisa kabusha i-motherboard nge-CPU yesizukulwane esilandelayoUkuhlola iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi nokuqinisekisa inguqulo encane ye-BIOS oyidingayo akuyona into ongayikhetha.

2. Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuzinza kanye nezikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Akuwona wonke amaphutha esistimu angajwayelekile avela ku-BIOS, kodwa kunezimo lapho ukuphahlazeka okuphindaphindiwe, izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ukumiswa okungahleliwe Zihlobene nokwehluleka kwe-firmware yebhodi lomama.

Abakhiqizi bakhipha izibuyekezo ze-BIOS ukuze balungise amaphutha: imemori engaqali ngamaphrofayili athile e-XMP/EXPO, Izinkinga zokungazinzi ngenhlanganisela ethile ye-RAM ne-CPUKungaba khona ukungqubuzana nabalawuli besitoreji noma ngisho nokuma lapho ingasebenzi. Uma ikhompyutha yakho ihlangabezana nokwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kanye nezinye izimbangela (abashayeli, izinga lokushisa, ukunikezwa kwamandla, njll.) zisusiwe, kufanelekile ukuhlola i-BIOS changelog kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi.

Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi Izibuyekezo ze-BIOS akufanele zisetshenziswe "njengesikhali somlingo" kunoma yisiphi isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Okokuqala, kufanele uhlole: inkumbulo, amadiski, uhlelo lokusebenza, abashayeli, izinsiza zikagesi ezinephutha… futhi kuphela uma konke okunye kuhlanzekile ngokwanele, cabanga ngokukhanyisa uma kukhona inguqulo ekhuluma ngqo ngohlobo lwenkinga onayo.

3. Ukulungisa ubuthakathaka bokuphepha

I-firmware iphinde ibe nezinkinga zokuphepha, njengokuhlaselwa kwe-firmware rootkit noma ukuxhashazwa kwezinga eliphansi. Zithinta i-BIOS noma i-UEFI futhi zivumela ukudlula uhlelo lokusebenza.Ngakho-ke, zinozwela kakhulu ezindaweni zomsebenzi.

Uma umenzi ekhipha inguqulo ye-BIOS elungisa ubuthakathaka obubalulekile bokuphepha, Kunengqondo ukuvuselela noma ngabe konke kubonakala kuhamba kahle.ikakhulukazi uma imishini isetshenziselwa umsebenzi, igcina ulwazi olubucayi, noma iyingxenye yenethiwekhi yenkampani.

Lokho akuthathi indawo ye- i-antivirus enhle, ukuskena kwe-malware okuvamile, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha ezifaneleKodwa kuyingxenye yesu eliphelele lokuphepha kwe-inthanethi. Izinkampani nabaphathi bezinhlelo bavame ukuhlanganisa lezi zibuyekezo emijikelezweni yabo yokulungisa, ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu kwangaphambilini kanye nokufakwa kwezigaba.

4. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nezici ezintsha

Ngezikhathi ezithile, inguqulo entsha ye-BIOS iletha izipho ezithakazelisayo: ukwenziwa kusebenze kwezici ezazingatholakali ekuqaleniUkuthuthukiswa kwama-algorithms okukhulisa i-CPU, ukuhambisana okuthuthukisiwe ne-RAM enemvamisa ephezulu, kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha be-port kanye nesitoreji.

Isibonelo esicacile kwakuyi-Ryzen 7 5800X3D, eyaqala ngemikhawulo ethile yokuphepha kokushisa. Kamuva, Amanye amabhodi e-motherboard athole izibuyekezo ze-BIOS ezandisa izinketho zokuhlelanjalo ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanelekile kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa.

Kuvamile futhi ukuthi i-firmware ibe "luhlaza" phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila kwepulatifomu entsha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Umenzi ulungisa indlela yokusebenza kwe-boost, ukuphathwa kwe-voltage, kanye nokuhambisana kwe-RAM module. inkulu noma ishesha kakhulu (isibonelo, i-DDR5 enamandla aphezulu ku-Ryzen 7000), okuholela ekuzinzeni okwengeziwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, izinzuzo ezincane zokusebenza.

Ngamafuphi, nakuba isizathu esiyinhloko ngokuvamile ukuhambisana nokuphepha, Ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuselela i-BIOS kuvula izici ibhodi lakho lomama elalingazisebenzisi ngokugcwele..

Izingozi zangempela zokuvuselela i-BIOS

Ingxenye engajabulisi kangako yendaba ukuthi isibuyekezo se-BIOS siyasebenza. enye yezinqubo ezibucayi kakhulu ongayenza kwi-PCAkuvamile ukwehluleka, kodwa uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ukudumala kungaba yinto enkulu.

Izingozi ezinkulu zigxile ngesikhathi sokukhanya, okungukuthi, lapho kubhalwa i-firmware entsha ku-chip yebhodi lomama. Uma kukhona okuphazamiseka ngaleso sikhathi, ungagcina unebhodi lomama elingeke liqale, elaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "ukulifaka" (ukulishiya linjengesitini).

Ubungozi	Amathuba	Umphumela
Ukuphela kukagesi ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa	Okuphansi - Okuphakathi	I-BIOS eyonakele, ibhodi lomama libonakala lifile
Ukufaka i-BIOS engahambisani nemodeli	Okuphakathi nendawo uma ungaqaphile	Ukwehluleka okuphelele kokuqalisa, i-chip idinga ukuhlelwa kabusha
Iphutha enkambisweni yokukhanyisa	Baja	Ikhompyutha engeke iqalise, kungenzeka ukuthi ilulame uma kukhona i-Dual BIOS
Ukungahambisani nesistimu yokusebenza	Baja	Izinkinga ze-boot, abashayeli, noma i-Secure Boot
Ukulahlekelwa izilungiselelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso	Alta	Zonke izinhlaka zidinga ukulungiswa ngesandla.

Uma ibhodi lomama "lifakwe izitini", empeleni imishini Iyayeka ukukwazi ukuqalisa i-BIOSKwamanye amamodeli anomsebenzi wokubuyisela i-BIOS noma i-USB, i-firmware isengabuyiselwa, kodwa kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka hlela kabusha i-chip ngehadiwe ekhethekile noma ushintshe ibhodi.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kunenye ingozi evamile: iphutha lomuntu. Ukukhetha ifayela elingalungile, ukukhanyisa i-firmware yomodeli ofanayo kodwa ongafani, noma phazamisa inqubo ucabanga ukuthi iqandisiwe Lawa amaphutha angabiza kakhulu. Yingakho sigcizelela kakhulu ukulungiselela.

Amalungiselelo abalulekile ngaphambi kokubuyekeza i-BIOS

Ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, kufanelekile ukuma imizuzu emibili ukuze uhleleke. Ukulungiselela okuhle. Kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba enhlekelele. kanye nokwesaba ngesikhathi senqubo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlonza ngokunembile ihadiwe yakho: imodeli ye-motherboard noma ye-laptop eqondileInombolo yokubuyekeza, uma ikhona (rev. 1.0, 1.1, njll.), kanye, uma kukhulunywa ngemishini eqanjwe ngegama lomkhiqizo, ireferensi ephelele yemodeli. Lolu lwazi luvela kubhodi lomama uqobo, ebhokisini, ku-BIOS, kanye nakumathuluzi afana ne-CPU-Z.

Ngalolo lwazi, iya kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomenzi, thola imodeli yakho, bese uya esigabeni sokulanda se-BIOS/UEFI. Lapho uzobona uhlu lwezinguqulo ezine-changelogs zazo, okubonisa ukuthi ngabe Banezela ukwesekwa kwabaprosesa abasha, balungise izinkinga zokuzinza, noma balungise ubuthakathaka.Kubalulekile ukulanda ifayela eliqondene nemodeli yakho kanye nokubuyekezwa kwakho kuphela.

Esinye isinyathelo esinengqondo ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni (noma ngabe kwenziwa ngesandla noma ngezithombe ezivela efonini yakho) yezilungiselelo zakho zamanje ze-BIOS, futhi uma kudingeka, wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni. isipele solwazi: i-oda lokuqalisa, amaphrofayili abalandeli, izilungiselelo ze-voltage, i-XMP/EXPO, i-RAID, i-Secure Boot, i-TPM kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinketho ozishintshile kusukela kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri.

Okokugcina, qiniseka ukuthi imishini inawo ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile phakathi nesikhathi senquboKumakhompyutha edeskithophu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukugwema ukuwasebenzisa ngesikhathi lapho wazi khona ukuthi i-circuit breaker ingase ikhubeke (njengalapho uvula i-oven, i-air conditioning, njll.). Kuma-laptop, gcina ishaja ixhunyiwe kanye nebhethri lisezingeni elihle lokushaja.

Izindlela ezivamile zokuvuselela i-BIOS

Namuhla, abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza izindlela eziningana zokukhanyisa i-BIOS, ezinye zenzelwe kubasebenzisi abangenalo ulwazi oluningi kanye nezinye ezithuthuke kakhulu. Kungcono ukukhetha leyo enconywe ngumenzi wemodeli yakho ethile.

Isibuyekezo esivela ku-Windows (ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizi)

Imikhiqizo eminingi inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumela buyekeza i-BIOS ngqo kusuka ohlelweni lokusebenzaUhlelo lulandwa kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, luthola imodeli, lulande inguqulo efanele, futhi lusingatha inqubo yokukhanyisa nokuqalisa kabusha.

Kubasebenzisi abasafufusa, lena yindlela elula kakhulu, uma nje uhlelo luzinzile futhi alubhekene nokwehluleka okukhuluKodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza kubalulekile ukuvala zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukukhubaza imisebenzi edinga izinsiza eziningi, futhi ungathinti lutho kuze kube yilapho i-PC isiqalile kabusha ngokuphelele.

Isibuyekezo kusuka ku-USB ebhuthwayo noma umsebenzi wangaphakathi we-BIOS

Enye indlela evamile ihilela ukulanda ifayela le-BIOS kanye yikopishe kudrayivu ye-USBokube sekusetshenziswa kusukela ku-utility ehlanganiswe ne-BIOS/UEFI (Q-Flash, M-Flash, EZ Flash, njll.). Amanye amamodeli ayakwazi ngisho nokufunda ifayela kusuka ku-USB ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabusha uhlelo lokusebenza.

Le ndlela iyindinganiso lapho iqembu I-Windows ayiqali kahle noma lapho umenzi ecacisa ukuthi indlela esemthethweni isetshenziswa ngaphakathi. Ngokuvamile kuphephile uma imiyalelo ilandelwa ngokunembile.

Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokululama

Kumabhodi omama athuthukile kanye nama-laptop ungathola izinketho ezengeziwe njenge-Dual BIOS (i-chip yokusekelayo), izinkinobho zokutakula ngokomzimba noma izinqubo ezithile zokubuyisela i-BIOS eyonakele kusuka kufayela eliphuthumayo.

Ezindaweni zebhizinisi, izibuyekezo ze-BIOS zihlanganiswe ku- amapulatifomu okuphatha okude kanye nokuzenzakalelaLokhu kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kwangaphambilini, amafasitela okulungisa, kanye ne-telemetry ukuthola izinkinga. Ezinye izinkampani zihlanganisa lokhu namathuluzi obuhlakani bebhizinisi kanye namadeshibhodi ukuze zibeke phambili ukuthi yimiphi imishini okufanele ithuthukiswe ngokusekelwe ekubucayi kanye nengozi.

Izinkinga ezivamile ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwe-BIOS nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo

Ngisho noma wenza konke kahle, kungaba khona izinhloso ezikhululekile ngemva kokukhanya. Izinkinga eziningi ezivamile zinezixazululo ezilula uma wazi ukuthi uzoqala kuphi ukubheka futhi Awuthuki ekuqaleni..

1. Ikhompyutha ayiqalisi noma ayibonisi isikrini esimnyama.

Uma ngemuva kokubuyekeza i-PC ibonakala sengathi iyavula (abalandeli, izibani, njll.) kodwa isikrini sihlala simnyama, kungase kube khona ukungqubuzana ekuqalisweni kwehluzo noma imemoriOkokuqala, zama ukuxhuma i-monitha kokukhiphayo okuhlukile (ukukhipha okuhlukile kwe-HDMI/DisplayPort, noma ukukhipha okuhlanganisiwe uma kutholakala).

Uma usenaso isignali, sekuyisikhathi sokuzama. setha kabusha i-BIOS kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri (Sula i-CMOS). Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhambisa i-jumper kubhodi lomama noma ukususa ibhethri imizuzu embalwa, kuye ngokuthi imodeli injani. Kuma-laptop, inqubo iyahlukahluka, futhi kungcono ukubheka usekelo lwencwadi noma lobuchwepheshe.

Kuzinhlelo ezine-Dual BIOS noma umsebenzi wokubuyisa, ungazama futhi phoqelela ukuqalisa kusuka ku-chip yesipele noma kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB elungiselelwe ukululama, kulandela imiyalelo yomenzi.

2. I-Windows ayiqali noma ayifaki amaphutha angajwayelekile

Ngezinye izikhathi isibuyekezo sishintsha izinketho ezithuthukisiwe njengemodi yokulawula i-SATA (AHCI/RAID), izilungiselelo ze-Secure Boot, noma imodi yokuqalisa ye-UEFI/Legacy, kanye Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-EFIokungadala I-Windows iyayeka ukuthola ukufakwa okulungile noma inika amaphutha ebhuthini.

Kulezi zimo, faka i-BIOS bese uhlola ukuthi i-oda lokuqalisa kanye nemodi yesilawuli Kufanele zifane nangaphambi kwe-flash. Uma ubusebenzisa i-RAID noma i-BitLocker, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuyisela ukucushwa okufanayo ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela kudatha yakho.

3. Ukulahlekelwa amaphrofayili nezilungiselelo zokusebenza

Kujwayelekile ukuthi ngemva kokubuyekeza i-BIOS Izilungiselelo zakho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zizolahleka: amaphrofayili abalandeli, i-XMP/EXPO ivuliwe, i-CPU/i-GPU overclocking ehlanganisiwe, ama-voltage curve, njll.

Yingakho kusiza kakhulu ukubhala phansi noma ukuthatha izithombe zezilungiselelo kusengaphambili. Kufanele uqhubeke nokuziphinda. amanani ayisihluthulelo owawalungisileKungcono kancane kancane futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza, njengoba ukuziphatha kwe-firmware entsha kungashintsha.

4. Iphutha elithi "Isibuyekezo se-BIOS Sihlulekile" noma ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa

Uma inqubo yokubuyekeza ngokwayo yehluleka futhi uhlelo lukhombisa lokhu, hlola ngokucophelela: Ifayela elilandiwe, imodeli efanele, ubuqotho bokulanda kanye nendlela esetshenzisiwe. Ezinye izinsiza zivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamafayela angalungile, kodwa hhayi njalo.

Uma ukucima kubangelwa ukwehluleka kukagesi futhi ibhodi lomama lingenazo izindlela zokutakula, yilapho izinto ziba nzima khona. Ngaleso sikhathi, into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuya... Isevisi yobuchwepheshe enamathuluzi okushintsha uhlelo lwe-chip noma ucabangele ukushintsha i-motherboard, ikakhulukazi uma ingaphansi kwewaranti.

Ezinye izinkinga ze-BIOS zakudala kanye nobudlelwano bazo nezibuyekezo

Ngale kwe-flash uqobo, kunezinhlobo eziningana izinkinga ezijwayelekile ezihlobene ne-BIOS okuyinto enhle ukukwazi, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi ikhambi lilula njengokulungisa futhi asikho isidingo sokushesha ukubuyekeza.

Amaphutha okuqalisa kanye nokuhleleka kwedivayisi okungalungile

Imiyalezo efana nokuthi "Ayikho idivayisi yokuqalisa" noma amaphutha abika lokho Awekho amafayela okuqala atholakele Ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuthi i-firmware izama ukuqala kusuka kudivayisi engenalo uhlelo lokusebenza.

Into evame kakhulu ukuba nayo idrayivu ye-USB exhunyiwe ethatha indawo yokuqala ngokulandelana kokuqalisaMane nje ususe leyo nkumbulo bese uqala kabusha. Uma kungekho amanye amadivayisi, faka i-BIOS bese uhlola i-oda lokuqalisa, ukhethe idiski efanele lapho kufakwe khona iWindows.

Iphasiwedi ye-BIOS ikhiyiwe

Amanye amabhodi omama nama-laptop akuvumela ukuthi ufake iphasiwedi yokufinyelela i-BIOS noma ngisho nokuqalisaKuyindlela enhle yokuphepha, kodwa uma ikhohliwe, ingaba yinkinga enkulu.

Kuye ngomkhiqizi, kungase kube khona amaphasiwedi amahle, izindlela zokusula usebenzisa ama-jumper noma ukususa ibhethri ukusula inkumbulo ye-CMOS. Emishinini eqanjwe ngegama lomkhiqizo, eziningi zalezi zinqubo zilotshwe ezincwadini zazo ezisemthethweni, noma zidinga ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe.

Ukwehluleka kwehadiwe okuvezwa yimisindo yokukhala

Uma uvula imishini uzwa uchungechunge lwemisindo esikhundleni sokubona isikrini sokuqalisaI-BIOS ikhombisa iphutha lehadiwe kusetshenziswa amakhodi e-beep. Iphethini ngayinye (isibonelo, i-beep ende eyodwa kanye ne-beep ezimfushane ezimbili) ihlotshaniswa nenkinga ethile.

Lawa makhodi ayashintsha kuye ngokuthi umenzi we-BIOS kanye ne-motherboardNgakho-ke, kungcono ukubheka incwadi yemiyalelo noma iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ukuze uyichaze. Ngokuvamile ikhomba izinkinga nge-RAM, i-GPU, ikhibhodi, noma ngisho nebhodi lomama uqobo.

Izinkinga ezibangelwa ibhethri le-BIOS elingasebenzi kahle

Uma njalo uvala ikhompyutha Isikhathi, usuku, noma izilungiselelo ze-BIOS ziyalahleka.Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ibhethri lebhodi lomama lisezinyaweni zalo zokugcina. Yibhethri leseli lezinhlamvu zemali (ngokuvamile i-CR2032) eligcina inkumbulo ye-CMOS uma kungekho mandla.

Etafuleni lesidlo sakusihlwa, ukushintsha kusho Vula ikesi, thola ibhethri ebhodini lomama bese ulishintsha ngokucophelela.Ngama-laptop kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuvame ukudinga ukuqaqwa kanye nolwazi, ngakho-ke kuleso simo ngokuvamile kungcono ukushayela ucingo uchwepheshe uma ungakhululekile ukukwenza wena.

Umonakalo ovela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi noma ukucima kwawo

Ukunikezwa kwamandla okungazinzile kungalimaza i-BIOS, ikakhulukazi uma Ukucima kwenzeka ngesikhathi uhlelo luqala noma lukhanya.Okungcono kakhulu, ukusetha kabusha okulula kungakulungisa; okubi kakhulu, i-chip yonakala.

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi, kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa izivikeli zokukhuphuka noma, okungcono nakakhulu, i-UPS (uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla olungaphazamiseki), ikakhulukazi uma uhlala endaweni lapho ugesi unqamuka khona njalo noma lapho kufakwa khona "okuphilayo".

Amagciwane asezingeni le-BIOS kanye ne-malware

Nakuba zingajwayelekile njengama-virus esistimu yokusebenza, Kunezinsongo ezithile ku-BIOS/UEFI ikwazi ukuguqula i-firmware, ifihle izinhlelo ze-antivirus zakudala, futhi ibeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwemishini.

Kulezi zimo, okulandelayo kuyadingeka: amathuluzi akhethekile akwazi ukuhlaziya nokuhlanza i-firmware; ukubonisana wazi kanjani ukuthi i-PC yami inamagciwane Uma usola ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka okuphansi, ungaphinde ushintshe i-BIOS uye esimweni esaziwayo nesiphephile. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhishwa isibuyekezo sokulungisa ubuthakathaka bokuphepha, kungcono ukusithatha ngokungathi sína kakhulu.

Kufanele ubuyekeze kangaki i-BIOS yakho, futhi kuphephile yini ukwenza kanjalo?

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zesofthiwe, izibuyekezo ze-BIOS Azivamile futhi azibalulekileAbantu abaningi basebenzisa inguqulo efanayo iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi lokho kuvamile ngokuphelele.

Into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuhlola iwebhusayithi yomenzi ngezikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, ngezikhathi ezithile noma uma ushintsha ihadiwe yakho) bese ubona Uma kunezinguqulo ezintsha eziletha ukulungiswa okubalulekileikakhulukazi mayelana nokuphepha noma ukuhambisana nama-processor kanye nememori okukuthandayo.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha kwenqubo, izibuyekezo ze-BIOS ngokuvamile ziphephile uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqapha eziyisisekelo: Sebenzisa inguqulo eqondile yemodeli yakho, ungaphazamisi inqubo yokukhanyisa, qiniseka ukuthi ugesi unikezwa, bese ulandela imiyalelo.Iphesenti lamabhodi ebhodi ahlulekayo ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa liphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lama-flash aqhutshwa nsuku zonke.

Uma i-PC "ifa" ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwe-BIOS, ngokuvamile kuba yindaba yokuthi inhlanhla enkulu, ukucima kukagesi kungakabi yisikhathi, noma iphutha lomsebenzisi elicacile (ifayela elingalungile, ukuvala phakathi nenqubo…) kunanoma yini enye.

Njengombono ojwayelekile, kungashiwo ukuthi Asikho isidingo sokuba nokwesaba okungenangqondo kokubuyekeza i-BIOS.Nokho, kubalulekile ukulandela inqubo hhayi ukuyenza ngenxa yayo kuphela. Uma ikhompyutha yakho isebenza kahle, awudingi ukwesekwa kwehadiwe entsha, futhi azikho iziqeshana zokuphepha ezifanele, ukuyishiya njengoba injalo kuyindlela efanelekile ngokuphelele.

Isihluthulelo ukuhlola icala ngalinye: uma iprosesa yakho entsha ingayiqali, uma ubhekene nokungazinzi okulungiswa yisibuyekezo sakamuva se-firmware, noma uma kukhona ubuthakathaka obubalulekile obuthinta imodeli yakho, khona-ke Ukubuyekeza i-BIOS kuyisinqumo sobuchwepheshe esinengqondo.Ngokulungiselela inqubo ngokuthula, usebenzisa amafayela asemthethweni afanele, futhi ugweme ukucima kukagesi noma ukuhlola okungavamile ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa, ngokuvamile kufanele uthole ukuzinza okwengeziwe, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi eside kwemishini yakho.