Izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha nezinhlelo zawo zokusebenza

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Namuhla, amanethiwekhi amakhompiyutha abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu, kokubili emikhakheni yomuntu siqu neyebhizinisi. Lawa manethiwekhi enza kube lula ukuxhumana nolwazi phakathi kwemishini kagesi, okusinika ikhono lokufinyelela izinsiza ezabiwe, ukwabelana ngamafayela kanye nokuhlanganyela ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha kanye nezinhlelo zawo zokusebenza zinikeza izixazululo ezithile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo nezidingo ezihlukahlukene. Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha futhi sixoxe ngokuthi asetshenziswa kanjani ezindaweni ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe.

Izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha nezinhlelo zawo zokusebenza

Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo eziningana, kuye ngobubanzi bawo, usayizi, nenjongo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenethiwekhi lunezici ezihlukile futhi lusetshenziswa ezimeni ezahlukene. Ngezansi, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha nezinhlelo zawo zokusebenza:

1. Amanethiwekhi Endawo Yasendaweni (LAN)

Amanethiwekhi endawo (ama-LAN) amanethiwekhi amboza indawo elinganiselwe yezwe, njengehhovisi, isakhiwo, noma ikolishi. Lawa manethiwekhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma amadivayisi endaweni eseduze futhi avumele ukwabelana kwezinsiza zendawo, njenge amaphrinta, amafayela noxhumo lwe-inthanethi. I-LAN ingaba nentambo noma engenantambo, futhi ilungele izindawo lapho kudingeka khona isivinini esikhulu sokudlulisa idatha nokuxhumana okungaguquki phakathi kwamadivaysi axhunyiwe.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-LAN

• Izindawo zebhizinisi: Ama-LAN asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zebhizinisi ukuxhuma amakhompyutha, amaseva namanye amadivaysi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. Bavumela ukwabelana kwezinsiza, njengamafayela nezizindalwazi, futhi bahlele ukubambisana phakathi kwabasebenzi.
• Imfundo: Emkhakheni wezemfundo, ama-LAN asetshenziswa ezikoleni nasemanyuvesi ukuxhuma amalebhu amakhompiyutha, imitapo yolwazi, namakilasi. Lokhu kuvumela abafundi nothisha ukuthi bafinyelele izinsiza ezabiwe futhi babelane ngolwazi ngokuphumelelayo.
• Izindlu ezihlakaniphile: Ngokukhuphuka kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile ezindlini, ama-LAN abalulekile ukuxhuma nokulawula lawa madivayisi endaweni eyodwa. Kusukela kumalambu ahlakaniphile nama-thermostat kuya ezinhlelweni zokuphepha, i-LAN yenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwawo wonke lawa madivayisi, inikeze ukunethezeka nokuvikeleka kubasebenzisi.

2. Amanethiwekhi Endawo Ebanzi (WAN)

Amanethiwekhi endawo ebanzi (ama-WAN) ahlanganisa indawo enkulu, njengedolobha, izwe, noma amazwe ambalwa. Lawa manethiwekhi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi endawo amaningi futhi avumele ukuxhumana phakathi kwawo. Ama-WAN asekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa idatha njengezintambo zocingo, i-fiber optic noma ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, ukuze kube lula ukushintshisana ngolwazi emabangeni amade.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-WAN

• Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe: Ama-WAN abalulekile kumabhizinisi asebenza ezindaweni eziningi. Ivumela ukuxhumana nokushintshana kwedatha phakathi kwamagatsha ahlukene, kube lula ukusebenzisana nokwenza izinqumo ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Abahlinzeki Besevisi Ye-inthanethi (ISP): Abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi basebenzisa ama-WAN ukuletha ukuxhumana kumakhasimende abo. Lawa manethiwekhi avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele i-inthanethi kunoma iyiphi indawo futhi basebenzise amasevisi efu, i-imeyili, nokuphequlula iwebhu.
• Ukuxhumana: Izinkampani zezokuxhumana zisebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-WAN ukuze zixhume ukushintshisana kwazo ngocingo futhi zinikeze izinsizakalo zocingo ezingaguquki ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni jikelele. Lawa manethiwekhi avumela umzila wezingcingo kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha yamabanga amade.

3. I-Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)

Amanethiwekhi endawo ye-Metropolitan (MANs) awela phakathi kwama-LAN nama-WAN ngokuya ngobubanzi bendawo. Lawa manethiwekhi amboza indawo yedolobha elikhulu, njengedolobhakazi noma isifunda, futhi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi endawo amaningi kuleyo ndawo. Ama-MAN anika amandla ukushintshana kolwazi nezinsiza phakathi kwezinhlangano, njengamabhizinisi, izikhungo zemfundo, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, ezisendaweni efanayo.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanethiwekhi e-MAN

• Amasistimu okuphepha: Amanethiwekhi e-MAN asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphepha zedolobha elihlakaniphile ukuxhuma amakhamera okuqapha, izinzwa kanye nezikhungo zokuqapha. Lokhu kwenza ukuqapha okusebenzayo nokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
• Izikhungo zezimali: Ezindaweni zamadolobha amakhulu anezikhungo eziningi zezezimali, amanethiwekhi e-MAN abalulekile ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana nokushintshisana ngedatha phakathi kwamabhange, ukuhwebelana ngamasheya nezinye izikhungo zezezimali. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthengiselana kwesikhathi sangempela nokwabelana ngolwazi oluvikelekile.
• Ezemfundo Nohulumeni: Amanethiwekhi e-MAN asetshenziswa kwezemfundo nasezilungiselelweni zikahulumeni ukuxhuma izikhungo, njengezikole, amanyuvesi, namahhovisi kahulumeni, endaweni yedolobha. Lokhu kusiza ukubambisana nokucobelelana ngolwazi phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano.

4. Amanethiwekhi angenantambo

Amanethiwekhi angenantambo asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo njenge-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, nobuchwepheshe obungenawaya. yeselula, ukunika amandla ukuxhumana nolwazi lokushintshana phakathi kwamadivayisi. Lawa manethiwekhi anikeza ukuhamba nokuguquguquka, njengoba amadivayisi angaxhunywa ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo ezibonakalayo. Amanethiwekhi angenantambo asedume kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yokukhula kwamadivayisi eselula kanye nesidingo sokuxhuma noma yikuphi.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanethiwekhi angenawaya

• Amakhaya namahhovisi: Amanethiwekhi angenantambo asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini nasemahhovisi ukuze anikeze ukuxhumana kumadivayisi afana namakhompyutha, ama-smartphone, amaphilisi, kanye namadivayisi we-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ku-inthanethi futhi wabelane ngezinsiza ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhebuli aphathekayo.
• Izindawo ezidonsela umphakathi: Izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu zomphakathi, njengalezo ezitholakala ezitolo zekhofi, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, nasezinxanxatheleni zezitolo, zisebenzisa amanethiwekhi angenawaya ukuze zinikeze abasebenzisi be-inthanethi. Lawa manethiwekhi avumela abantu ukuthi baxhume futhi basebenzise izinsiza ze-inthanethi ngenkathi bengekho ekhaya noma ehhovisi.
• Amanethiwekhi enzwa engenantambo: Ekuqapheni nasekulawuleni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokunemba kwezolimo kanye ne-automation yasekhaya, amanethiwekhi ezinzwa ezingenantambo asebenzisa amadivaysi amancane, anamandla ebhethri ukuze aqoqe idatha futhi ayithumele endaweni emaphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqapha okukude nokulawula amasistimu ahlukene.

5. I-Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN)

Amanethiwekhi endawo abonakalayo (ama-VLAN) avumela ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwe-LAN ibe ama-subnet angaphansi amaningi. Lawa ma-subnet ahlukene ahlukanisiwe, ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okukhulu nokuvumelana nezimo ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi. Ama-VLAN asetshenziswa ezingeni lenethiwekhi. ukushintsha futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uqoqe amadivayisi ngokusekelwe kumibandela ethile, njengeminyango, amaqembu, noma imisebenzi.

Izicelo ze-VLAN

• Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi: Ama-VLAN asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ngokuhlukanisa iminyango ehlukene noma amaqembu abasebenzisi. Lokhu kuvimbela amadivayisi ku-VLAN eyodwa ekufinyeleleni ngokuqondile izinsiza kwenye i-VLAN, kunciphisa ingcuphe yokuhlaselwa nokuvuza kwedatha.
• Ukulungiselelwa komkhawulokudonsa: Ngokuhlanganisa amadivayisi abe ama-VLAN ahlukene, izinqubomgomo zokulawula umkhawulokudonsa zingasetshenziswa ukuze kubekwe kuqala ithrafikhi ebalulekile futhi kugwenywe ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwenethiwekhi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwelayo isikhathi ezifana nenkomfa ngevidiyo noma ukusakazwa kwemidiya.
• Ukuphathwa Kwensiza: Ama-VLAN asiza ukuphathwa kwezinsiza ngokuvumela amadivayisi ukuthi aqoqwe ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko zawo zokufinyelela nezinqubomgomo. Isibonelo, ama-VLAN ahlukene angadalelwa iminyango ye-accounting, yokuthengisa, ne-IT, okwenza kube lula ukwaba izinsiza nokuphoqelela izinqubomgomo zokuphepha ezithile.

6. Amanethiwekhi e-Software-defined (SDN)

Amanethiwekhi e-Software-defined (SDN) amanethiwekhi lapho ukulawulwa nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kuhlukaniswa nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingokoqobo futhi kufakwe phakathi kusilawuli sesofthiwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokuba bukhali ekucushweni nasekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi. Kumanethiwekhi e-SDN, amadivayisi enethiwekhi axhumana nesilawuli sesofthiwe ukuze athole iziqondiso zendlela yomzila nokucubungula ithrafikhi.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanethiwekhi e-SDN

• Izikhungo zedatha: Amanethiwekhi e-SDN asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zesikhungo sedatha ukuze enze ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi enze ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kube lula. Lokhu kuvumela ukucushwa okusheshayo, okuguquguqukayo kwezinsiza zenethiwekhi ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza kanye nezidingo zomsebenzi.
• Amanethiwekhi Ebhizinisi: Ezimweni zamabhizinisi, amanethiwekhi e-SDN anikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokulinganisa ngokuvumela ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi okumaphakathi nokuphathwa. Lokhu kusiza ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuphepha futhi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kwenethiwekhi.
• Abahlinzeki besevisi: Abahlinzeki besevisi bangasebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-SDN ukuze banikeze amasevisi ashesha kakhulu nangokwezifiso kumakhasimende abo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwezinsizakalo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko ezishintshayo zamakhasimende.

Izinhlobo ze-Computer Network FAQ

1. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-LAN endaweni yebhizinisi?

Ama-LAN anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa endaweni yebhizinisi. Ezinye zezinzuzo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Yabelana ngezinsiza, njengamaphrinta namafayela, phakathi kwabasebenzi.
• Yenza kube lula ukusebenzisana kwangaphakathi nokuxhumana.
• Nikeza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi namasevisi aku-inthanethi.
• Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi kanye nokukhiqiza.
• Vumela ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha zenethiwekhi.

2. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LAN ne-WAN?

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-LAN ne-WAN ububanzi bendawo. I-LAN ihlanganisa indawo elinganiselwe, njengehhovisi noma isakhiwo, kuyilapho i-WAN ihlanganisa indawo enkulu, njengedolobha noma izwe. Ukwengeza, ama-LAN ngokuvamile anesivinini esiphezulu sokudlulisa idatha kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-WAN.

3. Yini ukubaluleka kwamanethiwekhi angenawaya enkathini yokuhamba?

Amanethiwekhi angenantambo abaluleke kakhulu enkathini yokuhamba ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuhlinzeka ngoxhumano ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhebuli aphathekayo. Lokhu kuvumela abantu ukuthi bafinyelele ku-inthanethi futhi basebenzise izinsiza ze-inthanethi noma yikuphi nanoma yisiphi isikhathi. Amanethiwekhi angenantambo nawo enza kube lula kumadivayisi eselula, njengama-smartphones kanye namathebulethi, ukuthi axhume kunethiwekhi, anikeze ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kubasebenzisi.

4. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-VLAN kunethiwekhi yebhizinisi?

Ukusebenzisa ama-VLAN kunethiwekhi yebhizinisi kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-VLAN akuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise iminyango ehlukene noma amaqembu abasebenzisi, wehlise ubungozi bokuhlaselwa nokuputshuka kwedatha.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza: Ngokuhlanganisa amadivayisi abe ama-VLAN ahlukene, ungasebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokulawula umkhawulokudonsa futhi ubeke kuqala ithrafikhi ebalulekile, uqinisekise ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuphelele.
• Ukuphatha okwenziwe lula: Ama-VLAN asiza ukuphathwa kwensiza ngokuvumela amadivayisi ukuthi aqoqwe ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko zawo zokufinyelela nezinqubomgomo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukwabiwa kwezinsiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yokuphepha.

5. Ahluke kanjani amanethiwekhi e-SDN kumanethiwekhi omdabu?

Amanethiwekhi e-SDN ahluka kumanethiwekhi omdabu ngendlela inethiwekhi ephathwa ngayo futhi ecushwe ngayo. Kumanethiwekhi omdabu, ukulawulwa nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kusatshalaliswa kumadivayisi enethiwekhi angawodwana. Ngokuphambene, kumanethiwekhi e-SDN, ukulawulwa kwenethiwekhi nokuphathwa kubekwe endaweni eyodwa kusilawuli sesofthiwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokuba bukhali ekucushweni nasekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi, kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokuzenzakalela.

6. Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu zamanethiwekhi e-SDN?

Amanethiwekhi e-SDN anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu zamanethiwekhi e-SDN zifaka:

• Izikhungo zedatha: Amanethiwekhi e-SDN anika amandla ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo nokuvumelana nezimo kwezinsiza zenethiwekhi ezindaweni zesikhungo sedatha.
• Amanethiwekhi Ebhizinisi: Amanethiwekhi e-SDN anikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokulinganisa ezindaweni zebhizinisi, okwenza ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi nokuphatha kube lula.
• Abahlinzeki besevisi: Abahlinzeki besevisi bangasebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-SDN ukuze banikeze amasevisi ashesha kakhulu nangokwezifiso kumakhasimende abo.

Isiphetho

Izinhlobo ezihlukile ze amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha Zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe. Kusukela kuma-LAN asetshenziswa ezindaweni zebhizinisi nezemfundo, kuya kuma-WAN axhuma izindawo eziningi zezwe, uhlobo ngalunye lwenethiwekhi lunikeza izixazululo zokuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokusebenzisana. Amanethiwekhi angenantambo, ama-VLAN, namanethiwekhi e-SDN ahlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okwengeziwe nokuphepha ekucushweni kwenethiwekhi nokuphatha. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi nezinhlelo zokusebenza kubalulekile ekwakheni nasekugcineni ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ephumelelayo nevikelekile.