- Izinja eziqondisa abantu zendabuko azivamile, ziyabiza, futhi ziyephuza ukuqeqesha, okushiya izigidi zabantu abangaboni kahle emhlabeni wonke bengenalo ukwesekwa.
- Amaphrojekthi amasha erobhothi aqondisayo ahlanganisa izinzwa, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-GPS ukuqondisa, ukuchaza imvelo nokuthuthukisa ukuzimela komsebenzisi.
- Kusukela eLysa eBrazil kuya kuma-prototypes aseShayina, eSpain nase-United States, izinja zamarobhothi zibhekwa njengenye indlela noma umphelelisi wezinja eziqondisayo.
- Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kanye nokufunda kokuqinisa kukhomba izixazululo ezifinyeleleka kalula nezikwazi ukwandiswa, njalo kugcina ukuphepha komsebenzisi njengento eza kuqala.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka abantu abanenkinga yokubona bethembele ezindondolweni ezimhlophe nasezinjeni eziqondisa abantu zendabuko ukuze bahambe ngokuphephile, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bushintsha ngokushesha le ndawo. Amaphrojekthi e-robot dog kanye ne-robot guide robot avela emhlabeni wonke, ethembisa ukutholakala kalula, okunwebekayo, futhi, kwezinye izimo, okunye okunembe kakhulu kunezilwane ezisizayo.
Lesi sizukulwane esisha samarobhothi asizayo abantu abangaboni sihlanganisa izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa , i-GPS, kanye nokuqashelwa kwezwi ukuze kuqondiswe abasebenzisi, kutholakale izithiyo, kuchazwe imvelo, futhi "kuxoxwe" nomuntu abahambisana naye. Kusukela eBrazil kuya eShayina, kanye nokuhlanganisa iSpain, i-United States, ne-Australia, kuhlolwa izinhlobo ezahlukene kakhulu: ezinye zinamasondo futhi zibukeka njengezikhwama, ezinye zifana nezinja zamarobhothi ezinemilenze emine, futhi kukhona nezinemilenze eyisithupha ukuze kuqiniswe ukuzinza.
Kungani kudingeka izinja zamarobhothi njengeziqondisi zezimpumputhe?
Esinye sezimbangela ezinkulu zalo mkhuba ukuntuleka okukhulu kwezinja eziqondisa abantu uma kuqhathaniswa nenani labantu abazidingayo. ESpain kuphela, kunabantu abacishe babe yisigidi abanokukhubazeka kokubona, kodwa kunezinja eziqondisa abantu ezisebenzayo ezingaba ngu-957 kuphela ezihamba nazo ekuphileni kwazo kwansuku zonke.
Emhlabeni jikelele, i -World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-314 banokukhubazeka okukhulu kwamehlo, okuthi cishe izigidi ezingu-45 kubo ziyizimpumputhe. Uma kubhekwa lezi zibalo, imodeli esekelwe kuphela ezinjeni eziqeqeshwe kahle ayiphumeleli, ngisho nasemazweni anezinhlelo ezisekelwe kahle nezixhaswe ngemali.
Inkinga akuyona nje into yobuningi, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sezindleko kanye nesikhathi sokuqeqesha . Ukuqeqesha inja eqondisayo kudinga cishe iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu yomsebenzi okhethekile, futhi cishe ingxenye yezilwane eziqala inqubo ziyiqeda ngempumelelo. Emazweni afana neSpain, inani eliphelele lenja ngayinye lingaba cishe yi-€30.000, yize livame ukumbozwa yizinhlangano ezifana ne-ONCE (i-Spanish National Organisation of the Blind); kwezinye izindawo, izibalo zicishe zibe yi-$50.000 ngenja eqondisayo.
EBrazil, lesi simo asisakhuthazi: kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinja eziqondisa abantu ezisebenzayo ezingaba ngu-200 kuphela kubantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-6,5 abanenkinga yokubona. EShayina, ukungalingani kuphawuleka nakakhulu: izinja eziqondisa abantu ezingaba ngu-400 kubantu abayizimpumputhe abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-17, esimweni lapho ubunikazi bezilwane ezisizayo busanda kwenzeka futhi lapho izindawo eziningi zokusebenza, izindawo zokudlela kanye nezindawo zomphakathi zingahambisani nezilwane.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, abacwaningi abaningi kanye nosomabhizinisi bazibuze umbuzo oqondile kakhulu: uma ukuqeqesha nokunakekela inja eqondisayo kuhamba kancane, kubiza kakhulu futhi kulinganiselwe , kungani ungakhiqizi enye indlela yerobhothi engakhiqizwa ngobuningi, ishibhile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ifinyelele abantu abaningi?
I-LYSA: irobhothi eliqondisa amasondo elazalelwa eBrazil
Enye yezinhlelo ezithuthuke kakhulu neziqinile yiLysa , irobhothi eliqondisayo elakhiwe yi-Vixsystem entsha yaseBrazil. Ayifani nenja, kodwa ifana nepotimende elincane elinesibambo namasondo angakwazi ukuhoxiswa. Inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-4 futhi ingamamitha angu-40 ubude. Umklamo wayo uhloselwe ukuvumela umuntu ongaboni kahle ukuthi abambe isibambo futhi azulazule naso njengokungathi udonsa itroli elula.
Ekuqaleni iLysa yenzelwe izindawo zangaphakathi njengezitolo ezinkulu, izitolo, kanye nezikhumulo zezindiza, futhi isiqalile kakade ukuhlola emazweni afana ne-Espírito Santo, iRio de Janeiro, kanye neSão Paulo. Ukuze isebenze, irobhothi lihlanganisa isofthiwe ekhethekile, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, inethiwekhi yezinzwa, ikhamera, kanye nohlelo lwe-laser lwe-Lidar, oluvumela ukuthi libone ukukhanya futhi lilinganise amabanga ngokunemba okukhulu.
Ngenxa yalolu chungechunge lobuchwepheshe, irobhothi liyakwazi ukumaka indawo elizungezile, ukubala imizila , nokuqondisa umsebenzisi endaweni yakhe ecacisiwe. Phakathi nohambo, i-Lysa inikeza izinkomba ze-acoustic kanye ne-kinetic, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abone ukunyakaza kwerobhothi futhi ezwe imiyalelo ecacile endleleni okufanele ayilandele.
Ngokusho komdali wayo, usosayensi wekhompyutha uNedinalva de Araújo Sellin, uLysa akagcini nje ngokubona nokugwema izithiyo ezingeni lomhlabathi, kodwa futhi nalezo ezimaphakathi nokuphakama noma ngaphezulu kwekhanda lomsebenzisi, njengezingatsha zezihlahla noma izimbiza zezimbali ezilengayo, ezivame ukuba yimbangela yezingozi eziningi ngezinduku zokuhamba ezivamile . Ngaphezu kwalokho, irobhothi likhomba ukuthi kukhona umuntu noma iqembu labantu phambi kwalo futhi lilungisa ukuziphatha kwalo ngokufanele.
USellin uqhathanisa uLysa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinduku ezihlakaniphile esezikhona emakethe, ephawula ukuthi irobhothi linikeza isiqondiso esinembile kanye nezinga eliphezulu "lokuhlakanipha." Nakuba izinduku zikhawulelwe ekutholeni izithiyo, irobhothi liyaqonda ukwakheka kwendawo ezungezile, lihlela imizila, lihumushe ukuba khona kwezinye izinto, futhi lidlulisele lonke lolo lwazi kumsebenzisi ngendlela ehlelekile.
Esigabeni sayo samanje, irobhothi lithengiswa ukuze lisetshenziswe ngaphakathi ngentengo engaba ngu- 15.000 reais , futhi inkampani isiqalile ukuthola ama-oda amayunithi womabili athengisiwe kanye nalawo abolekwe kumakhasimende ukuze ahlolwe ngokuhlola. Njengoba kuwubuchwepheshe obusha, izinhlangano eziningi zikhetha ukulihlola kahle ngaphambi kokuthenga okukhulu, ngakho-ke i-Vixsystem ihlanganisa ukuthengisa okuqondile nezivumelwano zokuhlola.
Indaba kaLysa yaqala ngokuthobeka okukhulu ngo-2011, ngesikhathi uSellin efundisa amarobhothi esikoleni samabanga aphezulu sikahulumeni kumasipala waseSerra, endaweni yedolobha laseVitória. Ngemva kokuqaphela ukuthi isidingo sezixazululo zokuhamba kwabantu abanenkinga yokubona sasingokoqobo futhi siphuthumayo, yena nabafundi bakhe baqoqa iprotokholi yokuqala eyenziwe ekhaya besebenzisa izingxenye ezivela kwamanye amarobhothi futhi bayihlola nabantu abayizimpumputhe abangaba ngu-20 ukuze bathole impendulo yabo.
Nakuba leyo modeli yokuqala yayingeyona umkhiqizo oqediwe, abahlanganyeli abaningi babezimisele ukuwuthenga njengoba unjalo, beqinisa inkolelo yokuthi kwakunesidingo esinamandla, esingakahlangatshezwa . Ukusuka lapho, usomabhizinisi wathola imithombo ehlukahlukene yokuxhaswa ngezimali, kusukela ngo-2014 ngephrojekthi evela kuMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe (i-CNPq), eyamvumela ukuthi aqashe abacwaningi ababili abaneziqu ze-master's—omunye kwezobunjiniyela be-elekthronikhi nomunye kwezesayensi yekhompyutha—ukuze bathuthukise umklamo.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwenziwa ama-prototype amaningana futhi kwenziwa imijikelezo eminingi yokuqinisekisa nabantu abangaphezu kuka-200 abangaboni kahle , okuhlanganisa impendulo yabo nomqondo wokugcina we-Lysa. Ngo-2017, ukubamba iqhaza kukaSellin enguqulweni yaseBrazil yohlelo lwethelevishini i-Shark Tank kwamtholela ama-reais angu-200.000 futhi, mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, ukubonakala kwabezindaba okwenza kwaba lula ukusesha ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.
I-Vixsystem iphinde yathola uxhaso lwezimali oluvela kwi-Financing Agency for Studies and Projects (Finep) kanye ne-Foundation for Scientific Research and Innovation Support ye-Espírito Santo (Fapes). Ngo-2021, le phrojekthi yathatha igxathu elikhulu lapho ikhethwa kwi- Innovative Research Programme ye-FAPESP kumabhizinisi amancane (PIPE) , ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesicelo esiqondiswe ku-inthanethi ngokubambisana noMnyango Wezesayensi, Ubuchwepheshe Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha (MCTI), uMnyango Wezokuxhumana (MCom), kanye neKomidi Eliqondisa I-inthanethi laseBrazil (CGI.br).
Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa, inkampani isebenza enguqulweni yangaphandle ye-Lysa , ehlonyiswe nge-GPS futhi eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emigwaqweni yomphakathi. Lapha, inselele yobuchwepheshe inkulu, ngoba irobhothi kumele libhekane nezindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezingekho, izindawo zokuhlangana, indawo engalingani, kanye nezimo eziningi zasemadolobheni. USellin uyavuma ukuthi ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezichaziwe kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu okufanele zinqotshwe ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lusebenze ngempela emgwaqweni.
Izinzuzo nokungabaza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinja eziqondisa abantu zendabuko
Ukuvela kwamarobhothi aqondisa abantu njengoLysa kudale impikiswano ethokozisayo emkhakheni wokukhubazeka kokubona. Kusukela kwiDorina Nowill Foundation for the Blind eSão Paulo, ummeli uMarcelo Panico ukholelwa ukuthi umbono womhlahlandlela wamarobhothi uyathembisa kakhulu , kodwa ugcizelela ukuthi kumele uhlolwe ngokucophelela, kokubili ngezindleko zawo kanye nemiphumela yawo emphakathini.
Izinja eziqondisa abantu okwamanje zijabulela izinga eliphezulu lokuqashelwa emphakathini , futhi ukufinyelela kwazo ezindaweni ezahlukene (ezokuthutha, ezitolo, ezakhiweni zomphakathi, njll.) kusekelwa ngumthetho emazweni amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibopho esingokomzwelo esisungulwe phakathi komuntu oyimpumputhe nenja yakhe eqondisa abantu sinomthelela oqondile enhlalakahleni yengqondo yomsebenzisi kanye nokuzethemba kwakhe—into okunzima ukuyilingisa ngomshini.
UPanico ugcizelela ukuthi inja eqondisayo ingaphezu nje kokusiza ukuhamba: iwumngane ohlala njalo , ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo, kanye nomgqugquzeli wokuxhumana nabantu. Iqiniso elilula lokuthi abantu bayabuza ngenja noma babonise isithakazelo kumuntu lidala ukuxhumana kwabantu irobhothi, noma ngabe lihlakaniphe kangakanani, elingenakunikeza ngendlela efanayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ummeli uyavuma ukuthi ukutholakala okuncane kakhulu kwezinja eziqondisa izinja emazweni afana neBrazil neShayina kukhipha iningi labantu abazidingayo. Izindleko zokuqeqeshwa, uhlu olude lokulinda, kanye nobunzima bokuthola izilwane ezifanelekile kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi abakaze babe nenja yangempela eqondisa izinja.
Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokufaka izinja esikhundleni sazo ngokuphelele, amaphrojekthi amaningi erobhothi eliqondisayo acatshangelwa njengokwengeza noma okunye kulabo abangakwazi ukufinyelela isilwane, noma njengesixazululo sesikhashana ngenkathi belinde ukunikezwa esinye. Abanye basikisela nokuthi, ezimweni ezithile (isibonelo, ngaphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi noma emisebenzini ehilela ukuqashelwa kolwazi olubonakalayo), irobhothi linganikeza imisebenzi inja engahlomele ukuyenza.
Izinja zamarobhothi ezinemilenze emine: kusukela kuBoston Dynamics kuya ezinguqulweni ezishibhile
Emkhakheni wamarobhothi afana nezinja, isibonelo esihamba phambili emhlabeni yiSpot , i-quadruped eyakhiwe yinkampani yaseMelika iBoston Dynamics. Leli robhothi lidlale emibonisweni emangalisayo emibukisweni yezobuchwepheshe futhi selivele lisetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nokwakha kanye nezimayini ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe ezindaweni ezinzima noma eziyingozi.
I-Spot ivelele ngokuhamba kwayo okumangalisayo : ikhuphuka izitebhisi, idlula ezindaweni ezingalingani, igcina ibhalansi yayo uma icindezelwa, futhi ingafakelwa amakhamera nezinzwa zokuqoqa idatha. Kodwa-ke, intengo yayo, edlula u-$70.000 e-United States, iyenza ingakwazi ukufinyelela abasebenzisi abaningi kanye nezikhungo ezisebenza nabantu abayizimpumputhe.
Ziphefumulelwe yilolu hlobo, izinkampani eziningana eShayina, eJapane naseJalimane zithuthukise amarobhothi azo anama-quadruped , amanye agxile kakhulu kwezimboni kanti amanye acishe afane namathoyizi athuthukile. Izinguqulo zesiShayina ezishibhile kakhulu sezivele emakethe; isibonelo, i-Unitre Robotics ithengisa amamodeli ayisithupha ezinja zamarobhothi, ngentengo yokuqala engaba ngu-$2.700 ngeyodwa eyisisekelo.
Noma kunjalo, lawa madivayisi awaklanyelwe ukuba yiziqondiso zabantu abanenkinga yokubona . Ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuyinhloko ukuqapha, ukuhlola imigudu nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukuthola iziqhumane, kanye neminye imisebenzi yokuphepha noma yokulungisa. Ukuze baguqulwe babe yiziqondiso zangempela, kokubili isofthiwe yabo kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi kuzodingeka kuklanywe kabusha, kanye nokuziphatha kwabo okufanelana nezidingo ezithile zabantu abayizimpumputhe.
EBrazil, umcwaningi uDiego Renan Bruno, ovela kwi-Mobile Robotics Laboratory eNyuvesi yaseSão Paulo (ICMC-USP), usebenzisa iSpot njengereferensi yephrojekthi yakhe yezinja eziqondisa amarobhothi . Kanye nomfundi wakhe wangaphambilini uMarcelo Assis, waqala ukusebenza ngo-2017 ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe saseSão Paulo, kumasipala waseCatanduva, ethuthukisa amaphrothokholi aguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Inguqulo yabo yokuqala yakhiwe ngendlela yokuzenzela, besebenzisa kabusha izingxenye ezivela kumshini wokuhlanza odala. Kamuva, ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuhlala lwe-Red Bull Basement hacker, bathuthukise uhlobo lwesibili ngo-2019, futhi manje bahlela ukuphindaphinda okwesithathu okuzoba irobhothi elinemilenze, elisondela eduze komqondo wakudala wenja yerobhothi.
UBruno uthi uma sizokhuluma " ngenja eqondisa amarobhothi ," kufanele iziphathe ngendlela efanayo nenja eqondisa amarobhothi, ngoba kufanele ikwazi ukuhamba ngezinyathelo, imiphetho, kanye nendawo engalingani ngaphandle kokuthembela ezindleleni eziqondile noma ezindaweni ezibushelelezi ngokuphelele. Ngokombono wakhe, amarobhothi anamasondo anqunyelwe ezindaweni ezinokufinyeleleka okufana nokwesihlalo sabakhubazekile, kuyilapho i-quadruped eklanywe kahle ingafinyelela ezindaweni eziningi ezengeziwe.
Inja yokuqondisa irobhothi yaseShayina enemilenze eyisithupha: ukuzinza nokuqaphela izwi
EShayina, ithimba elivela eSikoleni Sobunjiniyela Bemishini eShanghai Jiao Tong University lithuthukisa inja eqondisa amarobhothi engavamile kakhulu. Ifana nenja ye-bulldog yaseNgilandi, yize ibanzi kancane, futhi iyaziwa ngokuba nemilenze eyisithupha esikhundleni semine—ukukhetha komklamo okuhloswe ngakho ukukhulisa ukuzinza nokunyakaza okubushelelezi.
Umsunguli wayo, uGao Feng, uchaza ukuthi lapho irobhothi liphakamisa imilenze yalo emithathu ukuze liqhubekele phambili, eminye emithathu yakha i- tripod eqinile kakhulu , okunciphisa ukushukuma okuzwakala ngumuntu oyimpumputhe onamathele ebhandeni. Umgomo uwukuba umsebenzisi azizwele ukunyakaza okubushelelezi nokukhululekile, ngaphandle kokushukuma okungazelelwe okungabangela ukungazethembi.
Le nja yerobhothi ifakwe ibhethri lama -sensor namakhamera avumela ukuthi ibone indawo ekuzungezile, ibone izimpawu zomgwaqo, ichaze izibani zomgwaqo, futhi ibone izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithiyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlanganisa uhlelo lokubona izwi olunembe ngaphezu kuka-90% kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula esingaphansi komzuzwana owodwa, ukuze ikwazi ukusabela ngokushesha emiyalweni yomlomo yomsebenzisi.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obulawula irobhothi buphatha ukuhlela umzila , buhumusha imiyalo yezwi, futhi buhlinzeka ngezaziso zomsindo zesikhathi sangempela mayelana nendawo ezungezile, kusukela ezimpambanweni zabahamba ngezinyawo kuya ezimpambanweni eziyingozi ezizayo. Uhlelo luphinde lufake isikhombikubona esilawulwa yintambo, esifana nalesi esisetshenziswa nenja yangempela, ukulungisa isivinini sokuhamba noma ukukhombisa izinguquko endleleni.
Iphrojekthi okwamanje ihlolwa ngaphandle , ngokubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo kwabantu abayizimpumputhe abasiza ekulungiseni kokubili ukuziphatha kwerobhothi kanye nokuba ngokwemvelo kwemiyalo yalo yezwi (okwamanje igxile eShayina). Umbono kaGao Feng uwukuthi, uma isigaba sokuhlola sesiqediwe, idivayisi ingakhiqizwa ngobuningi, kuncishiswe kancane kancane izindleko zayo.
UGao ngokwakhe uqhathanisa lo mbono nemboni yezimoto: inja eqondisayo yemvelo idinga iminyaka yokuqeqeshwa komuntu ngamunye futhi inani layo lilinganiselwe, kuyilapho irobhothi lingakhiqizwa njengempahla ejwayelekile yezimboni, okuholela emakethe engaba khona yamashumi ezigidi zamayunithi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo somhlaba wonke sabaqondisi babantu abayizimpumputhe.
I-Paws 2.0 eNyuvesi yase-Alicante: inja eqondisa amarobhothi enobizo lokuba ngumngane
ESpain, intuthuko nayo iyenzeka kule ndawo ngamaphrojekthi afana ne -Paws 2.0 , irobhothi elincane elinama-quadruped okwamanje elihambahamba ekhempasini yase-University of Alicante kanye nabafundi kanye nezinye izivakashi. Igama lalo, elisho ukuthi "ama-little paws" ngesiNgisi, libonisa iminyaka yomsebenzi wethimba locwaningo elinolwazi kwezobuchwepheshe kubantu abakhubazekile.
I-Paws isebenzisa izinzwa ze-laser, ezifana nalezo eziku-vacuum cleaner yohlobo lwe-Roomba kodwa zinamandla kakhulu, zihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-GPS obunembile kakhulu kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamavidiyo okusebenzisa i-AI. Ngenxa yalokhu kusetha, ingakwazi ukumaka imizila ngaphakathi kwekhampasi, igweme izithiyo ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi yenze "amaqhinga" amancane ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu labo abakubonayo kusebenza.
Abacwaningi bachaza ukuthi umgomo wabo akukhona "ukufaka esikhundleni" izinja eziqondisa izilwane zendabuko, kodwa kunalokho ukunikeza isithasiselo sobuchwepheshe esingasetshenziswa ngenkathi umuntu elinde ukunikezwa inja yangempela eqondisa izilwane noma ezindaweni lapho isilwane singeyona inketho engcono kakhulu. Ngokwenkolelo-mbono, lapho ama-Paws esekhulile ngokugcwele, umuntu oyimpumputhe angaba nomsizi werobhothi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, esikhundleni sokulinda iminyaka eminingi.
Ngaphandle kokunikeza iziqondiso nje kuphela, irobhothi lenzelwe ukunikeza izinsizakalo ezengeziwe : ukufunda imenyu endaweni yokudlela, ukuhlonza imikhiqizo esitolo esikhulu, ukuthola indawo yokungena esitolo, noma ukuchaza inani labantu egumbini, phakathi kwezinye izibonelo. Lizodlulisela lonke lolu lwazi ngesipikha esihlanganisiwe, libe umsizi wokuzwa ohambayo ngempumelelo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziqokonyiswe abaholi bephrojekthi ukunemba okuphezulu kwendawo ye-GPS , okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi aqondiswe kuma-coordinates athile (njengomnyango othize ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo), into inja yokuqondisa yendabuko engenakuyenza ngalelo zinga lokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, irobhothi lifunda ngenethiwekhi yezinzwa ekwazi ukubona amaphethini afana nezibani zomgwaqo, izinto, izinhlobo zephansi, noma izithiyo endleleni yalo.
Ithimba lase-University of Alicante lisebenze ngaphambilini ngezixazululo zokubona ngekhompyutha zabantu abayizimpumputhe, njengohlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe esithombeni noma kuvidiyo, oluchaza indawo ukuze lusize ekutholeni izinto noma ekutholeni izici ezibonakalayo (isibonelo, umbala wento yengubo). Manje, lobo buchwepheshe buhlanganiswe ne-Paws kanye nesipikha ukuze kunikezwe umsizi ophelele.
Uma konke kuqhubeka njengoba kuhleliwe, kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomodeli osebenza ngokugcwele phakathi neminyaka embalwa , yize ukufika komkhiqizo wezohwebo wokusetshenziswa ekhaya kungabambezeleka cishe iminyaka eyishumi ngenxa yezinqubo zokuqinisekisa, ukuhlolwa kwangempela, kanye nokukhula kwezimboni. Lo msebenzi uxhaswe yi-Institute of Computer Science Research and Synergy Tech yase-University of Alicante, inkampani ekhiqiza i-Paws 2.0 namanye amarobhothi anezici ezifanayo.
Inja eqondisa irobhothi yaseBinghamton (eNew York): ukufunda okuqinisiwe kanye “nentambo ehlakaniphile”
E-United States, iqembu lonjiniyela abavela eMnyangweni Wezesayensi Yekhompyutha eBinghamton University , e-State University of New York, nabo basebenza enjeni eqondisa abantu eklanywe njengenye indlela engabizi kakhulu, esebenza kahle futhi efinyeleleka kalula.
Ithimba, eliholwa nguprofesa osizayo uShiqi Zhang kanye noDavid DeFazio obhalisele iziqu zobudokotela kanye nomfundi wonyaka wesithathu u-Eisuke Hirota, liqeqeshe irobhothi elinama-4 eline-"iso" elibonakalayo cishe unyaka . Ngesikhathi sombukiso emalabhorethri eyunivesithi, umshini ukwazile ukuqondisa umuntu emzileni, uphendula kokubili emiyalweni yomlomo kanye nokudonswa kwentambo yawo.
Indlela yayo isekelwe esibonakalayo sebhande esiyingqayizivele esihlanganiswe nokufunda kokuqinisa. Irobhothi liqeqeshwe ukuhumusha ukucindezeleka kanye nesiqondiso sokudonsa njengezimpawu zomyalo, kuyilapho izinhlelo zalo zokubona kanye nokuzulazula zivumela ukuthi ligweme izithiyo, ligcine indlela ephephile, futhi livumelanise ukuhamba kwalo.
Ngokusho kukaZhang, ngemva kwamahora angaba yi-10 okuqeqeshwa ngesistimu ethuthukisiwe, bayakwazi ukudala amarobhothi ahamba ngokuzimela, azulazule ezindaweni zangaphakathi , aqondise abantu ngenkathi egwema izithiyo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ahumushe ukuhudula ngentambo njengemiyalelo eqondakalayo. Lokhu kumelela ukusheshisa okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu yokuqeqeshwa kwenja eqondisayo.
Lo msebenzi usekude kakhulu nokuba umkhiqizo otholakala kwezentengiselwano, kodwa imiphumela yokuqala ikhombisa ukuthi inja yerobhothi yalolu hlobo inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuqeqesha kanye nezindleko uma kuqhathaniswa nezinja eziqondisa abantu ezivamile. Esikhathini esimaphakathi, ithimba lifuna ukudlulela ngale kwemiyalo ebonakalayo futhi lengeze isikhombikubona solimi lwemvelo.
UDeFazio uphawula ukuthi isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukuhlomisa irobhothi ngekhono lokubamba ingxoxo ephathelene nomsebenzisi, ukuqonda izicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlomo nokuphendula ngendlela efanele. Bafuna futhi ukufaka lokho abakubiza ngokuthi "ukungalaleli okuhlakaniphile": uma umuntu ongaboni kahle eyala irobhothi ukuba liye endaweni enethrafikhi eyingozi, uhlelo kufanele lukwazi ukubona ingozi futhi lwenqabe ukulalela lowo myalo.
Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukuba inja yerobhothi isebenze njengomsizi ozimele ozimele , ichaze izinhloso zomsebenzisi ngenkathi ibeka ukuphepha phambili. Lokhu kuzodinga iminyaka eminingi yocwaningo nokuhlolwa ezimweni zangempela, kodwa indlela echazwe yilokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala ikhomba amarobhothi aqondisayo ahlakaniphe kakhulu ahlanganiswe kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke.
Okwamanje, umehluko phakathi kwezindleko nesikhathi esidingekayo ukuqeqesha inja eqondisa izilwane—cishe ama-euro angu-30.000 noma ngaphezulu kanye neminyaka emibili noma emithathu, ngesigamu sezinga lempumelelo kuphela— kanye namahora ambalwa okuqeqeshwa adingwa yirobhothi iBinghamton ngohlelo lwayo lokufunda ukuqinisa kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi izinja zamarobhothi zingavumela izigidi zabantu ukuthi zifinyelele ekushukumiseni okusizayo.
Lonke lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwamarobhothi aqondisa abantu kanye nezinja eziqondisa abantu ngamarobhothi, kusukela eLysa eBrazil kuya kuma-prototypes eShayina, eSpain nase-United States, lukhomba ikusasa lapho abantu abakhubazekile emehlweni bezokwazi ukukhetha khona ezinkethweni ezahlukene kakhulu: abangane abanemilenze emine benyama negazi abanenani elikhulu ngokomzwelo, amarobhothi anamasondo aklanyelwe ukuhlalwa ngaphakathi, izilwane ezinemilenze emine ezithuthukile ezikwazi ukuhamba endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa okuhle kakhulu emhlabeni ngamunye ukuze zinikeze ukuzimela okwengeziwe, ukuphepha, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
