Izinqubo zangemuva ku-Windows: ukuthi ziyini nokuthi zithinta kanjani i-PC yakho

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Izinqubo zangemuva ku-Windows: ukuthi ziyini nokuthi zithinta kanjani i-PC yakho

Qonda ukuthi ziyini izinqubo zangemuva Ukuqonda ukuthi imisebenzi ye-Windows iyithinta kanjani ikhompyutha yakho kubalulekile ekugwemeni izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwe-CPU, inkumbulo, noma ngisho nokuxhumeka, isibonelo ngokufunda ukuthi Vimbela i-Spotify ukuthi ingaqala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemuvaNgokuvamile siqaphela ukuthi i-laptop ihamba kancane, ukuthi ifeni ayimi, noma ukuthi asikwazi ngisho nokuphequlula ngokujwayelekile, futhi imbangela yilolo hlobo lwezinqubo ezenzeka ngaphandle kokuba sizibone ngqo.

Uma uke wahlangabezana nezimo ezifana ne- Umphathi wemisebenzi ongcolile noma i bug ephindaphinda Isiphathi SomsebenziUma i-CPU yakho ikhuphuka ngisho noma iwindi elilodwa livuliwe, izinsizakalo ze-Microsoft ziqoqa izinsiza, noma uthola imiyalezo efana nokuthi "kutholakale ushintsho lwenethiwekhi" lapho uzama ukuvula ikhasi lewebhu, lesi sihloko singesakho. Sizochaza kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo zangemuva, ukuthi kungani zivela, ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle kanye nezinsizakalo ze-Windows zidlala yiphi indima, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezingokoqobo ongazithatha ukuze uphinde uthole ukulawula ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqondo yakho.

Ziyini izinqubo zangemuva ku-Windows?

Ku-Windows, inqubo yangemuva ngokuyisisekelo i- Lo msebenzi uyaqhubeka nokusebenza noma ngabe ifasitela alivuliwe. ngaphambili. Lokhu kungaba izinsizakalo zesistimu (njengesiphathi sewindi ledeskithophu) noma izinqubo ezihlotshaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ozifakile (isibonelo, i-Microsoft Store, isifundi se-PDF, noma uhlelo lokuklama).

Lezi zinqubo zikhona ukuze uhlelo lukwazi Vumelanisa idatha, bonisa izaziso, landa izibuyekezo noma ugcine imisebenzi ethile ilungile uma uyidinga. Isibonelo, i-Windows Mail ingaqhubeka nokuhlola ama-imeyili amasha ngisho noma ungayiboni i-interface yayo, noma uhlelo lokusebenza oluyisipele lungagcina amafayela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokukukhathaza.

Inkinga iphakama lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kakhulu zigodla ilungelo lokusebenza ngemuva, noma lapho isevisi ye-Windows "ibambeka." Ngaleso sikhathi, izimpawu zakudala ziyaqala: Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-CPU, inkumbulo egcwele, ifeni ngesivinini esigcwele...ngisho namaphutha okuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi abonakala engenancazelo ecacile.

I-Windows 10 ne-Windows 11 zifaka inketho ethile yokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngemuva. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe ukhubaza eziningi zazo, izinsizakalo zesistimu kanye nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile Zizoqhubeka nokusebenza ngoba ziyadingeka ukuze uhlelo lokusebenza luzinze.

Indlela iWindows ekhombisa ngayo izinqubo zangemuva ku-Task Manager

I-Windows Task Manager iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokubona ukuthi yini esebenzayo. Ezinguqulweni zakamuva, i-Processes ivame ukuhlanganisa izinto ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: Aplicaciones, Izinqubo zangemuva y Izinqubo zeWindows (noma igama elifanayo, kuye ngenguqulo). Leso sakhiwo sisiza ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuthi yini esebenzayo.

Kodwa-ke, uma wenze i-boot ehlanzekile noma ezinye izinguquko zokucushwa, kungenzeka ukuthi lokho kuhlukaniswa akufanele kusacaca kangako futhi ubona zonke izinqubo "zixubile" ohlwini olulodwa. Lokho akusho ukuthi i-Windows ayisebenzi, kodwa kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukubona ukuthi yini engeyalokho.

Lolo hlu luvame ukuba namagama amaningana aphakamisa ukungabaza kubantu abaningi: Isitolo seMicrosoft, Amasevisi e-Microsoft, Umphathi Wefasitela Ledeskithophu (dwm.exe), Cortanaizinqubo zesistimu ezifana System kanye nenqwaba yemisebenzi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Service Host". Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yokwakhiwa kwe-Windows yesimanje futhi, ngokuvamile, akufanele kuphazanyiswe kalula.

Icebo ukusebenzisa amakholomu e-CPU, imemori, idiski, kanye nenethiwekhi ngobuhlakani ku-Task Manager, futhi, uma kudingeka, bheka iziqondiso. Ukulungiswa kwe-CPU cacheUma uhlela ngokusetshenziswa kwe-CPU, uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi iyiphi inqubo esebenzisa i-CPU eningi. ukudla iphesenti eliphezuluNgisho noma kuyinqubo "ye-Microsoft", uma iqhubeka nokuqalisa, ingabonisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle (isibonelo, isevisi ibambekile izama ukuvuselela noma ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi kodwa ingaphumeleli).

Izinsizakalo nezinqubo ze-Microsoft ezisebenzisa izinsiza eziningi kakhulu

Ezimweni eziningi, labo ababhekene nezinkinga zokusebenza bathola ukuthi akuzona izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle (imidlalo, izinhlelo zokuklama, njll.) kodwa ezinye izinqubo ezihlobene neWindows uqobo Lezo ezisebenzisa izinsiza ze-CPU eziningi kakhulu. Phakathi kwezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Isitolo seMicrosoftIngase iqhubeke nokulanda noma ukubuyekeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ngemuva.
• Amasevisi e-Microsoft okujwayelekile noma "i-Service Host": bahlanganisa inqwaba yezinsizakalo zesistimu ngaphakathi kwenqubo efanayo.
• Umphathi Wefasitela Ledeskithophu (dwm.exe): iphatha isikhombikubona sezithombe, imiphumela yokucaca, njll.
• Cortana noma izingxenye ezihlobene nokusesha kwe-Windows.
• System kanye nezinye izinqubo ze-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza.

Kuvamile ukuthi ezinye zalezi zibonakale zisebenza cishe njalo. Into ekhathazayo ukuthi uma, ngaphandle kokuthinta lutho, uqaphela lokho Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU kukhuphuka ngokuzumayoIdivayisi ishisa ngokweqile noma ibhethri liphuma kakhulu, futhi kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuthi zikhona yini amafayela anciphisa ijubane lekhompyutha yakhoUma lokhu kuhambisana nezinkinga ze-inthanethi (isibonelo, "kutholakale ushintsho lwenethiwekhi" kusiphequluli noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows Mail lwehluleka ukuvumelanisa), kunethuba elihle lokuthi ingxenye ethile yenethiwekhi noma isevisi yokubuyekeza iyahluleka ngendlela efanayo.

Ukukhubaza i-Cortana "ngangokunokwenzeka" kungase kunciphise umthwalo othile, kodwa akuvamile ukuba yinhlamvu yomlingo. Empeleni, isihluthulelo ukuhlola ukuthi uhlelo luzama ukwenzani: Landa izibuyekezo? Vumelanisa ama-akhawunti? Lungiselela kabusha inethiwekhi? Uma into efana naleyo ingaqedwanga, izinsizakalo ziyazanywa futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe, okudala umjikelezo omubi wokusetshenziswa.

Indima yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nokuhlanza i-boot

Izifundo eziningi zincoma "i-clean boot" ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe imbangela yenkinga ikuphi izicelo zabantu besithathuLe nqubo ihilela ukukhubaza izinsizakalo nezinhlelo ezingabalulekile ezilayisha ekuqaleni, ukuze iWindows iqale ngobuningi obudingekayo ukuze isebenze.

Uma ngemuva kokwenza leso bhuthi esihlanzekile usakubona lokho Isitolo seMicrosoft, amasevisi eMicrosoft, uMphathi Wemisebenzi, noma uMphathi Wefasitela Ledeskithophu Njengoba lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izinsiza eziningi kakhulu, kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi izinhlelo zangaphandle (i-AutoCAD, i-Adobe Reader, i-Octave, njll.) azizona izimbangela eziyinhloko. Eqinisweni, ukukhipha isofthiwe edinga izinsiza eziningi ongayisebenzisi njalo kuyindlela enhle yokulungisa, kodwa esimweni esichazwe, akukashintshi lutho.

Kulesi simo, into enengqondo okufanele uyenze ukugxila ekugxileni Amafasitela nezingxenye zawonoma izinkinga ezijulile ezifana namaphutha ohlelweni lwefayela, abashayeli abanephutha, isibuyekezo esibambekile, noma ukungqubuzana nekhadi lenethiwekhi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi uma wenza i-boot ehlanzekile, indlela izinqubo eziboniswa ngayo ku-Task Manager ingashintsha. Isigaba ku- "Ukusebenza, isizinda, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows" Ingase ilahlekelwe yingxenye yesakhiwo sayo, ibonise zonke izinqubo zixubene. Nakuba kungasizi, lokhu akusho ukuthi uhlelo luzolimala, kodwa kuwumphumela wokuba nezinsizakalo ezivamile zingasebenzi okwesikhashana.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinqubo zangemuva nezinkinga zenethiwekhi

Uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu oluvame ukuhambisana nalokhu kuphazamiseka kwenqubo ubunzima bokuphequlula i-inthanethi. Kuvamile ukubona imiyalezo efana nale "Kutholakale ushintsho kunethiwekhi" uma uzama ukulayisha ikhasi noma ngisho nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Windows Mail lwehluleka ukuxhuma ukuze ulande ama-imeyili.

Lo mlayezo uvame ukuvela kuziphequluli ezifana ne-Chrome lapho i-Windows ishintsha ngokuzumayo amapharamitha athile enethiwekhi: isibonelo, Ikheli le-IP liyavuselelwa, i-adaptha iyaqalwa kabusha, futhi i-proxy iyaguqulwa. noma uxhumano luphazamiseka okwesikhashana. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe, isiphequluli sithola lezi zinguquko eziqhubekayo bese sikhipha isexwayiso.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvamile ukubona umsebenzi ku-Task Manager kusuka ezinqubweni ezifana ne-Microsoft Network Services, i-Update Services, i-Microsoft Store uqobo, noma "i-Service Host: Network Service." Lezi zingxenye zizama ukusungula noma ukugcina ukuxhumana, futhi uma zihlangabezana namaphutha, ziyazama futhi. Lo mjikelezo ongapheli udala kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngokungadingekile njengokungazinzi kokuxhumana.

Nakuba igciwane ngezinye izikhathi liyinto yokuqala efika engqondweni, lapho izinkinga zivela ngokuzumayo ngemva kokuvula i-laptop futhi zihambisana nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwe-Windows (ukwehluleka kokubuyekeza, izinguquko zakamuva zomshayeli, ukucima kukagesi, njll.), ngokuvamile kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kube yi- ukwehluleka kokucushwa kwesistimu yokusebenza noma inethiwekhi kune-malware.

Ingabe kungaba yigciwane noma inkinga ye-Windows?

Uma i-laptop yakho iqala ukuziphatha ngendlela exakile ngaphandle kokuthi ufake noma yini entsha, kuyinto evamile ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe kuyinkinga yini. igciwane noma ukwehluleka kwe-WindowsKunezinkomba eziningana ezingakusiza ukuthi uthole indlela yakho ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe.

Uma izinqubo ezisebenzisa izinsiza eziningi, njengoba kuchaziwe, Isitolo seMicrosoft, amasevisi e-Microsoft, Uhlelo, Umphathi Wesevisi Futhi ezinye ezichazwe ngokucacile njengengxenye yesistimu yokusebenza, amathiphu okulinganisela ekucabangeni ngenkinga yangaphakathi ye-Windows (izibuyekezo ezibambekile, amafayela alimele, ukucushwa okonakele, njll.).

Lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele unqume ukuthi awunalo igciwane ngokuphelele. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uhlolwe. ukuskena okugcwele nge-antivirus ethembekile (noma nge-Windows Defender ebuyekeziwe) ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukungabaza. Kodwa uma ukuskena kungaboni lutho futhi izimpawu zihambisana nezinsizakalo ze-Windows ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo, into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukusebenza ohlelweni ngokwalo, hhayi ukukhathazeka kakhulu nge-malware.

Ngamafuphi, uma inkinga ivele ngokuzumayo lapho uvula i-laptop, ngaphandle kokuphequlula noma yimaphi amawebhusayithi asolisayo noma ukufaka izinhlelo ezingavamile, futhi ihambisana ne- Amaphutha enethiwekhi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU ephezulu, kanye nezinqubo ze-Microsoft phezulu ohlwiniAmathuba akhomba kakhulu ku-Windows kunokutheleleka okukhulu.

Indlela yokukhawulela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenza ngemuva

I-Windows inikeza iphaneli ethile yokukhetha ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngemuva. Nakuba ingazixazululi izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ngokwayo, iyasiza kakhulu. ukunciphisa inani lezinqubo ezisebenzayo ngokungadingekileikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje (i-UWP) eziza nohlelo noma ezifakwe esitolo.

Ku-Windows 10, indlela ejwayelekile ukuya ku- Izilungiselelo > Ubumfihlo > Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingemuvaLapho ungakhubaza lesi sici kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza noma ukwenze ngayinye ngayinye. Ku-Windows 11, ukuhlela imenyu kuyashintsha kancane, kodwa umqondo uyafana: thola isigaba lapho uphatha khona ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zesitolo zingasebenza yini ngemuva.

Kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela esebenzayo: shiya ngemuva kuphela lezo zinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikela ngempela okuthile uma zingavuliwe, njenge-imeyili, uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhalenda, noma amathuluzi okuthumela imiyalezo. Okunye (imidlalo, izinsiza ezisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile, amathuluzi owasebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela) kungcono ukushiywa ngemuva. Zisebenza kuphela uma uzivula ngokusobala.

Noma kunjalo, lesi silungiselelo sithinta kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje. Izinsizakalo zesistimu kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zedeskithophu zakudala Azilawulwa kusukela lapho, ngakho-ke noma ukhubaza cishe yonke into, usazobona inani elihle lezinqubo zangemuva ku-Task Manager.

Imikhuba emihle yokuxilonga nokunciphisa inkinga

Uma ubhekene nokusebenza kancane kwekhompyutha, izinqubo ze-Microsoft ezisebenzisa kakhulu izinsiza, kanye nezinkinga zenethiwekhi, inhlanganisela yezinyathelo ingakusiza. hlukanisa umthombo bese unciphisa izimpawuyize kungesona isisombululo somlingo kuzo zonke izimo.

Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezidla i-CPU kanye nememori eningi ngqo ku-Task Manager. Ukuchofoza kwesokudla kuleyo naleyo kukuvumela ukuthi ubone imininingwane eyengeziwe, uvule indawo yefayela, noma useshe ulwazi ku-inthanethi, okusiza... hlukanisa izinqubo ezisemthethweni kwezingase zibe ezisolisayo.

Okulandelayo, kuyasiza ukubuyekeza umlando wakho wokuvuselelwa kweWindows bese uhlola noma yiziphi izibuyekezo eziye zahluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi, isici noma isibuyekezo somshayeli esihluleka ukufakwa sigcina ngokuphelele izinsizakalo eziningana zisebenza. ukusebenza ngokungakhathali ngemuvauzama ukuqeda umsebenzi ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlola isimo sokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi yakho (i-adaptha ye-WiFi, ikhebula, i-router, i-DNS, njll.) kungaveza ukuthi kungani ubona imiyalezo efana nokuthi "kutholakale ushintsho kunethiwekhi" nokuthi kungani. I-Windows Mail ayikwazi ngisho nokuvumelanisaUkusetha kabusha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi kusuka ngaphakathi kwezilungiselelo ze-Windows, noma ukubuyekeza/ukufaka kabusha umshayeli wekhadi lenethiwekhi, kuvame ukuba yindlela ephumelelayo lapho ukuxhumana kuyinkinga.

Okokugcina, uma usuvele uzame ukukhipha izinhlelo ezidinga izinsiza eziningi ongazisebenzisi, wenze i-boot ehlanzekile, usebenzise i-antivirus scan, futhi usabhekene nenkinga efanayo, kungadingeka ucabangele izinketho ezinqala kakhulu njenge- Ukulungisa amafasitela ngenkathi kugcinwa amafayela Noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufaka kabusha okuhlanzekile. Akumnandi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuyindlela kuphela yokulungisa isiphithiphithi sangaphakathi sohlelo esingenakulungiseka ngokulungiswa okungaphezulu.

Ngamafuphi, izinqubo zangemuva zeWindows ziyadingeka ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle, kodwa uma kukhona okungahambi kahle zingaba yikhanda elibuhlungu langempela: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU kuyanda kakhulu, izinsizakalo ze-Microsoft zihlala ziphezulu ohlwini, i-Task Manager iyinkathazo, futhi inethiwekhi iyawa ngezikhathi ezithile.Ukuqonda ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwenqubo lwenzani, ukunciphisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ngempela ukuhlala zisebenza, ukuhlola isimo sezibuyekezo kanye nokuxhumeka, kanye nokwazi ukuthi inkinga ikhomba nini kakhulu ku-Windows kunegciwane kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ubuyisele ukuzinza kwekhompyutha yakho ngaphandle kokungena ungaboni.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Windows 11: Indlela izibuyekezo ezisebenza ngayo ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha usebenzisa i-hotpatch