- Amalungu afanayo isakhiwo sedatha esigcina amanani amaningi ohlobo olufanayo kusetshenziswa izinkomba.
- Kukhona ukuhlelwa kohlangothi olulodwa, okubili-ntathu kanye ne-multidimensional kuye ngenhlangano yabo.
- Ama-arrays angamenyezelwa futhi asetshenziswe ngezilimi ezahlukene zokuhlela nge-syntax ethile.
- Bavumela imisebenzi efana nokufaka, ukususa, ukusesha nokuhlunga idatha.
Ezweni lokuhlela, ukuphatha idatha kahle kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubathuthukisi. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, kunezakhiwo zedatha ezivumela ulwazi ukuthi luhlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile nefinyelelekayo. Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi - array.
Ama-array ayisisekelo kunoma yiluphi ulimi lokuhlela, njengoba ekuvumela ukuthi ugcine amanani amaningi ku-variable eyodwa futhi uwafinyelele ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo. Uma ufunda ukuhlela noma ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho, lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi uqonde ngokujulile ukuthi ayini ama-array, asebenza kanjani, nokuthi uwasebenzisa kanjani ezilimini ezahlukene.
Ithini i-array ekuhleleni?
I -array iyisakhiwo sedatha esigcina iqoqo lezinto zohlobo olufanayo. Ngokungafani neziguquguquko ngazinye, ezingabamba ucezu olulodwa lwedatha, i-array ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe amanani amaningi ngaphansi kwesihlonzi esifanayo.
Into ngayinye ngaphakathi kwe- array ihlonzwa yi- index , ekhombisa indawo yayo esakhiweni. Ezilimini eziningi zokuhlela, le nkomba iqala ku- 0 , ngakho-ke into yokuqala itholakala endaweni engu-zero, hhayi eyodwa.
Izici eziyinhloko zamalungiselelo
- Isitoreji esihlelekile: Ama-elementi angaphakathi kwamalungu afanayo agcinwa ezindaweni zememori ezilandelanayo.
- Ukufinyelela okusheshayo: Noma iyiphi ingxenye yamalungu afanayo ingafinyelelwa ngokuqondile ngenkomba yayo.
- Uhlobo olufanayo lwedatha: Zonke izici zelungu elifanayo kufanele zibe zohlobo lwedatha olufanayo, njengezinombolo eziphelele, izinhlamvu, noma ama-booleans.
- Usayizi olungisiwe: Kwezinye izilimi, usayizi wamalungu afanayo kufanele uchazwe ngesikhathi sokudalwa futhi awukwazi ukushintshwa ngemva kwalokho.
Izinhlobo zamalungiselelo
Ama-array angahlukaniswa ngokwenani lobukhulu anabo. Okuvame kakhulu yile:
Amalungu afanayo anohlangothi olulodwa
Ama-array anobukhulu obubodwa alula kakhulu futhi afana nohlu lwezinto. Into ngayinye ifinyelelwa kusetshenziswa inkomba eyodwa.
Isibonelo ku-C:
izinombolo ezingaphakathi[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; printf("%d", izinombolo[2]); // Phrinta 30
Amalungu afanayo anezinhlangothi ezimbili
Futhi okubizwa ngokuthi ama-matrices , ama-array anezinhlangothi ezimbili akha idatha ibe yimigqa namakholomu. Inani ngalinye ngaphakathi kwe-matrix lifinyelelwa kusetshenziswa izinkomba ezimbili.
Isibonelo ku-C:
int array[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}; printf("%d", matrix[1][2]); // Phrinta 6
Ama-multidimensional arrays
Lezi yi -matrices ezinezilinganiso ezingaphezu kwezimbili, okuvumela ulwazi ukuthi luhlelwe lube yizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo esivamile ukugcina izithombe ekuhleleni, lapho iphikseli ngayinye inezixhumanisi esikhaleni esinezilinganiso ezintathu.
Ukumemezela nokufinyelela amalungu afanayo ngezilimi ezahlukene
Ulimi ngalunye lokuhlela lune-syntax ethile yokumemezela nokufinyelela ama-array . Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
Amalungiselelo ku-C
int izinombolo[5]; // Izinombolo zesimemezelo[0] = 10; // I-action printf("%d", izinombolo[0]);
Ama-arrays ku-Java
int[] izinombolo = int entsha[5]; izinombolo[0] = 10; I-System.out.println(izinombolo[0]);
Ama-arrays ku-JavaScript
vumela izinombolo = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]; console.log(izinombolo[0]);
Ama-arrays ku-PHP
$izinombolo = uhlu(10, 20, 30); echo $izinombolo[0];
Imisebenzi evamile enamalungu afanayo
Ama-array akuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile ekuhleleni izinhlelo :
- Ukufunda: Khipha futhi usebenzise amanani agciniwe.
- Ukufakwa: Engeza ama-elementi amasha (ngezinye izilimi, njenge-JavaScript noma i-Python, ama-arrays angakhula ngamandla).
- Ukuqedwa: Susa izinto ku-a ukuhlelwa.
- Ukugcotshwa: Hlela izinto ngendlela ekhuphukayo noma eyehlayo.
- Sesha: Thola inani elithile ngaphakathi kwamalungu afanayo.
Ama-array angenye yezakhiwo zedatha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhleleni izinhlelo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo nokusebenza kahle . Akuvumela ukuthi uhlele ulwazi oluningi futhi ulufinyelele ngendlela ehlelekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumqali noma ungumhleli wezinhlelo onolwazi, ukuba yingcweti kuma-array kuzokusiza ukuthi uthuthukise ama-algorithms asebenza kahle futhi alungiselelwe kangcono.