Kungani iMicrosoft ingakhiphi ikhodi yomthombo yeWindows XP

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Kunombuzo olokhu uvela ezinkundleni nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana: Kungani iMicrosoft ingakhiphi ikhodi yomthombo ye-Windows XP? I-Nostalgia yesistimu echaza isizukulwane ihlangana nesifiso sokwakha ama-clones esimanje, alungiselelwe izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zakamuva, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-hack noma abashayeli abayinkimbinkimbi. Futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, inkumbulo yalokho kuvuza okukhulu okwaphendulela yonke into yabheka phansi ibukeka inkulu.

Iqiniso liwukuthi, nakuba abaningi bengase bakubheke njengento esobala futhi engenangozi, ukuvula i-XP akulula kangako. Kunezizathu zobuchwepheshe, zezomthetho, ze-cybersecurity, nezamabhizinisi okwenza umqondo ungafezeki namuhla. Futhi endleleni, kufanelekile ukubukeza okwenzekile ngokuvuza kwekhodi okudumile, yiziphi izingozi eziye zabeka, nokuthi yini engenziwa yilabo abasabambelele ku-XP ngenxa yesidingo esiphelele.

Isiphakamiso somphakathi: Vula i-XP, kungani kungenjalo?

Phakathi kwabalandeli, kukhona abaphakamisa okuthile okuqondile njengokufaka ikhodi ye-XP esizindeni somphakathi noma ngaphansi kwamalayisensi afana ne-GPL. Impikiswano iyayenga: isistimu esuselwe ku-XP.I-Retro ngaphandle kodwa ikhululekile ngaphakathi, ngokusekelwa okubushelelezi kwemishini yenkathi ka-2012-2016 kanye namadrayivu ehluzo ahloniphekile, ingathola i-niche yayo. Uma amaphrojekthi afana ne-Haiku OS ekhona, bathi, yini evimba "i-XP yamahhala" ecushwe kahle ukuthi ingaveli?

Lokhu kuthemba kuhlanganiswe nombono wokuthi ngeke ilimaze iMicrosoft: Abasebenzisi abaningi abajwayelekile abafuni isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathiFuthi okuncane kakhulu uma "kufriziwe" ngamabomu. I-XP ingqalabutho—iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ubudala—futhi ibingeke ikwazi ukuqhubeka nempilo emazweni athile noma emikhakheni ethile (indaba yase-Armenia isike yashiwo). Kuze kukhulunywe ukuthi kuzokwethulwa incwadi yezikhalazo ukuze kucindezelwe uRedmond. Futhi kuyakhumbuleka ukuthi inkampani yake yakhipha ikhodi yomlando njengengxenye ye-MS-DOS.

Iphuzu elibalulekile lalowo mbono owenziwe kahle lilele kulokho okuvame ukunganakwa: I-XP esiyikhumbulayo yabelana nge-DNA nezinguqulo zamanje ze-WindowsIhlanganisa izingxenye ezinelayisensi yenkampani yangaphandle futhi iyingxenye ye-ecosystem enezibopho zomthetho, zosekelo, nezohwebo. Akuwona umkhiqizo ozimele ongavulwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuthi "kuputshuziwe" kanye "kukhululiwe". Yize enye ikhodi ye-XP iputshuziwe ngaphandle kokugunyazwaLokho akwenzi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kube semthethweni noma kuvumele umhlaba ukuthi udale okuphuma kuyo ngaphandle kokusatshalaliswa okwengeziwe; kunalokho, ukuthuthuka kuleso sisekelo yikho kanye umthetho owenqabelayo.

Ifa lekhodi nezimfihlo zohwebo

I-Windows XP ayisona isiqhingi. Yabelana ngezakhiwo, amamojula, nama-API nezinguqulo zakamuva. njenge Windows 10, 11, kanye nezinhlelo Zeseva. Ukushicilela amakhodi abo kuzodalula ama-algorithms, izingxenye zangaphakathi, nezindlela zobunjiniyela ezisasetshenziswa. Lokhu kuvezwa kuzonikeza izimbangi imikhondo… kanye nakubahlaseli, kwenza buthaka ukuvikeleka kwezinkundla zamanje.

Lokhu kuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe akuyona into efiselekayo: Ukubuyela emuva kuyinsika ye-ecosystem ye-Windows.Iminyaka eminingi, iMicrosoft igcine izendlalelo zefa kanye nezinhlelo ezingaphansi ukugcina isoftware endala isebenza. Ukuvula i-XP kuzoveza izingxenye ezisasekela ukusebenza noma ukuhambisana kumakhompyutha esimanje, futhi, ngokuklama, okungafanele zitholakale mahhala.

Akufanele futhi sikhohlwe “izimfihlo zohwebo”: izinqumo zokuklama, ukulungiselelwa, izixazululo zezinkinga zomlando ezakha umnyombo wohlelo. Ukuzishicilela akunciphisi kuphela inzuzo yokuncintisana; ibuyisela ulwazi olubucayi emphakathini olungahunyushwa kabusha ukuze luhlasele izingxenye ezisakhiqizwa.

I-Cybersecurity: ubungozi, ukuvuza nokuhlaselwa

Nakuba isabelo se-XP silingana nezibalo ezincane, iphesenti liyadukisa: Lokho "ngaphansi kuka-1%" kuhumushela ezigidini zamadivayisiFuthi amaningi awo akuwona amakhompyutha asekhaya. Usengathola ama-ATM, amatheminali adayisayo, imishini yezimboni, nemishini yezokwelapha esebenzisa okuhlukile kwe-XP, ikakhulukazi ama-edishini ashumekiwe afana ne-POSReady 2009, ebinokusekelwa okukhethekile kuze kube ngu-2019.

Uma ikhodi yomthombo iputshuziwe, isimo siba sibi kakhulu: umhlaseli angakwazi ukufunda uhlelo ngokuningiliziweUkuthola ubungozi obungaziwa ngaphambilini futhi ubuxhaphaze noma lingasekho ipayipi lokuchibiyela elisemthethweni (iMicrosoft yaqeda ukusekelwa kwe-XP ngo-2014, ngaphandle kwezimo eziphuthumayo ezimbalwa kuphela). Ake sikhumbule amacala amabili e-paradigmatic athole ukuncishiswa ngenxa yobunzima bawo bomhlaba wonke: i-CVE-2017-0144, isisekelo se-WannaCry ransomware, kanye ne-CVE-2019-0708.

Okungezwe kukho konke lokhu kuyinkinga engokoqobo: Izixazululo eziningi zamanje zokuphepha azisekeli i-XPNgisho nabakhiqizi abagcina imikhiqizo ehambisanayo bebezikhipha lezo zinguqulo ngenxa yokungenzeki kobuchwepheshe. Leli gebe lishiya izinhlangano zincike ku-XP ngaphandle kokuthi zisebenzise ukuvikela okuqondile kwezindawo ezishumekiwe.

Ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi ukubuka nje ikhodi kuveza ngokuzenzakalelayo izimbungulu Windows 10? Hhayi impela. Ukuzivikela ezinguqulweni zakamuva (DEP, ASLR nokunye ukunciphisa) kuphakamisa umgoqoKodwa ukugqagqana kwekhodi yefa kukhona, futhi kwenza umsebenzi walabo abafuna ukuhlobana ube lula. Ku-XP ngaphambi kwe-SP3, isibonelo, kwakuyinto evamile ukuguqula ukuchichima kwe-buffer ekwenzeni ikhodi ekude; namuhla ayiqondile kangako, kodwa amamephu wesistimu asiza ukucwenga ama-vector.

Amalayisense ezinkampani zangaphandle, amalungelo obunikazi, nezingxenye

Esinye isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa yileso esisemthethweni. I-XP ihlanganisa izingxenye ezine-copyright yomuntu wesithathuI-DRM, izingxenye ze-cryptographic ezingaphansi kwemithetho yokuthekelisa, abashayeli, ikhodi yomthombo, namamojula anezinkontileka ezithile. Ukukhipha yonke iphakheji kuzongqubuzana namalungelo obunikazi, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, nezibopho zezentengiselwano iMicrosoft engeke izephule ngaphandle kokubhekana nezingozi ezinkulu ezingokomthetho.

Noma inkampani ibifuna ukuvula izingxenye zayo “ezabo” kuphela, phula futhi uhlole isiqeshana ngasinye sangaphandle Ukuyibhala kabusha noma ukuyisusa kungaba yisikhumbuzo, inqubo ebizayo, futhi ethanda ukuba namaphutha. Futhi ekugcineni, umbuzo usazosala: iyiphi ingxenye yenhliziyo yeWindows yesimanje engadalulwa ngengozi?

Ukusekela, ukulawula kanye nedumela

Ake sithi i-XP ibikhululekile. Kuzovela izimfoloko ezinakekelwa umphakathi nezinkampani, Azofakwa ezindaweni zokuphatha, ezimbonini noma emabhange.Futhi uma kwenzeka isigameko esibi, ubani onecala? I-Microsoft izobona uhlobo lwayo oluhlotshaniswa nokwehluleka kokuphuma kokunye okungaphezu kwamandla ayo. Ngaphandle koxhaso olusemthethweni nezibuyekezo, isithunzi se-ecosystem singase sibe sengozini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumanisa isihlahla esivulekile sohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kangaka Bekungeke kulawuleke ngaphandle kobuholi obuphakathiNoma isiphi isinqumo esimayelana nokuphepha noma ukusebenzisana singahlukanisa isimo sezwe "se-XP yamahhala", sidale ukudideka kubasebenzisi nabathuthukisi.

Imodeli yebhizinisi kanye nokudliwa kwabantu

Ukuvula i-XP kuzophinde kungqubuzane nesu lebhizinisi le-Microsoft. Kusene-software yebhizinisi ethembele ku-XP.Uma ngabe inguqulo yomphakathi enakekelwayo ibingavela, lokho kutholakala kuzobambezela ukuthuthela ku-Windows 11 noma izinhlelo ezizayo, futhi kuzothinta ukuthengiswa kwamalayisensi nezinsizakalo zamafu ezihlobene nezinhlelo zesimanjemanje.

Ngamanye amazwi, inkampani izobe iziqhudelana ngokwayo: I-XP yamahhala ingaba enye indlela enezindleko eziphansi Ezinhlanganweni ezinesabelomali esiqinile, lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukushintshela ekubhaliseni kanye namamodeli okuphatha amaphakathi manje amele ingxenye enkulu yebhizinisi.

Kwenzekeni ngokuvuza kwekhodi enkulu ye-XP?

Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2020, ikati laliphumile esikhwameni: Isifufula esingaba ngu-43 GB esiqukethe izinto zomlando ze-Microsoft sivele ku-4chanPhakathi kwezinto ezisohlwini kwakukhona i-MS-DOS 3.30 ne-6.0, i-Windows NT 3.5 ne-4, i-Windows 2000, amagatsha amaningana e-Windows CE (3, 4, no-5), i-Windows Embedded 7 kanye ne-Embedded CE, kanye ne-NT 5.x kernel. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwasakazwa elinye iphakheji elingu-2,97 GB, ifayela le-ZIP elifakwe ngqo kukhodi ye-Windows XP kanye ne-Windows Server 2003.

Onjiniyela abaningana—abanye abaxhumene ne-Microsoft—kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphepha bahlaziya amafayela futhi Babezibheka njengezingcezu ezinkulu ngempelaNakuba ingaphelele, kutholwe ukuthi izingxenye ezifana ne-kernel noma i-Explorer zingahlanganiswa futhi kukhiqizwe amabhanari afanayo nalawo okuhweba, kuyilapho izingcezu ezibalulekile ezifana ne-winlogon.exe namashayeli amaningi ayengekho kusethi, okuvimbela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesistimu ephelele ngaphandle kokushintshwa.

Umuntu osayina njenge-NTDEV ukwazile ukusetha ukufakwa okusebenzayo kwe-Windows Server 2003 ukuhlanganisa imithombo ehlungiwe namabhanari angekhoAmavidiyo akhe agcina ehlisiwe ngenxa yezicelo ze-copyright ezivela kwaMicrosoft, abaningi abazihumusha njengobufakazi obengeziwe bokuba semthethweni kwale nto. Kuphinde kwaba neziqinisekiso zomphakathi, njengalezo zikachwepheshe wezokuphepha u-Greg Linares, eziqinisekise ubuqiniso bokuputshuka.

Lesi siphithiphithi sasihlanganisa umsindo wangemuva ongalungisi: imibhalo yozungu mayelana noBill Gates Avele ephaketheni, angahlobene nanoma iyiphi intshisekelo yobuchwepheshe. Futhi, vele, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezintshontshiwe akukwenzi ukusetshenziswa kwakho kungabi nangozi: ngaphandle kwelukuluku lomlando, ukulanda nokufunda leyo khodi kuveza umuntu ezingozini ezingokomthetho nezokuziphatha, kanye nokuba negalelo ekusabalaleni kokuxhaphaza.

• Amasistimu asohlwini lwe-megatorrent: MS-DOS 3.30 kanye 6.0; Windows NT 3.5 kanye 4; Windows 2000; IWindows CE 3, 4 kanye ne-5; IWindows Ishumekiwe 7; IWindows Eshumekiwe CE; I-NT 5.x.
• Iphakheji eyengeziwe: Ifayela le-ZIP elingu-2,97 GB elifakwe ku-Windows XP ne-Windows Server 2003.

I-Microsoft ibala kanjani izinguqulo zayo ze-Windows: kusuka ku-5.x kuya ku-10.0

Ukuputshuka kwasiza ukuvuselela ilukuluku lomlando: Ulayini we-NT 5.x uhlanganise i-Windows 2000 (5.0), XP (5.1), XP 64-bit kanye ne-Server 2003/2003 R2 (5.2)Njengoba i-Vista ifinyelele ku-6.0 futhi lelo gatsha lezinombolo lanakekelwa ngaphakathi ku-Server 2008, Server 2012 ngisho nakulabo abaziwa ngezohwebo ngokuthi Windows 7 no-8, ngaphandle kwamagama abo.

I-"Windows 9" edume kabi ayikaze ibe khona njengomkhiqizo wokugcina, futhi Windows 10 inguqulo yamukelekile engu-10.0 ukuvumelanisa igama lokumaketha nenombolo yangaphakathi. Ngasohlangothini lweseva, izinhlelo zika-2016 nezika-2019 nazo zifakwe kuhlu njenge-10.0. Lokhu kuqhubeka kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zefa le-XP zingaphila ngaphansi kwezendlalelo zesimanjemanje.

Uma uqhubeka nge-XP: izinyathelo ezingokoqobo zokuqukatha

Ezinye izinhlangano, ngenxa yezinkinga zokusebenzisana nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezibucayi noma isofthiwe, azikwazi ukushiya i-XP ngobusuku obubodwa. Ngaleso sizathu, Okubalulekile ukunciphisa indawo yokuhlasela.Isincomo sokuqala siwukuba uthuthukele enguqulweni yesimanje kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka (okungenani i-Windows 7 uma ukugxuma okukhulu kungenakwenzeka), kodwa uma lokho kungenzeki, sekuyisikhathi sokuvikela uhlelo lwakho.

Ezindaweni ezishumekiwe namatheminali afana nama-ATM noma amasistimu e-POS, izixazululo ezithile ezifana nalezi I-Kaspersky Embedded Systems Security Bahlinzeka ngezilawuli ezenzelwe i-XP Embedded kanye nomndeni wayo, ngokuphathwa okumaphakathi ngeKaspersky Security Center. Lawa mathuluzi akhelwe amaqembu anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe nemisebenzi ecaciswe kakhulu.

• Sebenzisa izinguqulo zesofthiwe ezihambisanayo zakamuva esasekela i-XP; iziphequluli ezifana ne-Chrome zayeka ukwenza kanjalo ngo-2016 kanye neFirefox ngo-2018.
• Faka izinhlu ezigunyaziwe (Ukulawula uhlelo lokusebenza): ivumela izinqubo ezibalulekile kuphela futhi isuse izinhlelo ezingadingekile zokunciphisa ama-vectors.
• Zihlukanise ne-inthanethi noma nini lapho kunokwenzekaUma ukufinyelela kubalulekile, sebenzisa isiphequluli esisesikhathini samanje esitholakalayo se-XP.
• Hlunga ithrafikhi ngamasango ewebhu ukuvimba izicelo ezingafunwa (isb., Kaspersky Security for Internet Gateways).

Lezi zinyathelo azenzi i-XP uhlelo oluvikelekile "lwesimanje", kodwa Bangenza umehluko phakathi kwesigameko nendawo elawulwayo.Okubalulekile wukucabanga ukuthi ngeke kube namapeshi ajwayelekile futhi wenze ngokufanele ngokuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi, ukuchayeka okuncane, nokuqapha.

Ingabe isicelo sokuvula i-XP singasebenza? Futhi kuthiwani ngamaphrojekthi ohlobo lwe-Haiku?

Umqondo wokuqoqa amasignesha ukuze iMicrosoft ikhulule i-XP uzwakala umuhle ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kodwa indiva izithiyo zangempela zobuchwepheshe nezomthethoNgisho nokunganaki amalungelo obunikazi kanye nezingxenye zezinkampani zangaphandle, izindleko zokuhlanza, ukuhlola, nokushicilela amakhodi ancike kwelinye ngeWindows yesimanje kungaba yingozi… futhi kungaba yingozi ku-ecosystem yenkampani uqobo.

Ukuyiqhathanisa ne-Haiku OS nakho akunembile. I-Haiku iwukuqaliswa kabusha kwamahhala kwe-BeOShhayi ikhodi yomthombo ovulekile yasekuqaleni. Lowo mehluko ubalulekile: ukubhala kabusha kusuka ekuqaleni kugwema ukungqubuzana kwempahla yengqondo futhi kuvumela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuzimele. Ukuze uthole "i-XP yamahhala," umzila osebenza kakhulu uzoba ukuqaliswa kabusha okuhambisanayo kanambambili- noma i-API, umzamo omkhulu ongadinga amashumi eminyaka omuntu kanye nokubambisana okuvela kubakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ukuze bashayele izithombe kanye nokusekelwa ezinhlelweni zika-2012-2016.

Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokulinda ukukhululwa okusemthethweni, Indlela eya phambili ifaka phakathi ukufuduka noma ukuhlukaniswaFuthi ngezindawo ezishumekiwe, thembela kuzisombululo zokuphepha ezikhethekile ngenkathi uhlela ukunikezelana kobuchwepheshe.

Uma ubheka isithombe sonke, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani iMicrosoft ingeke ivule i-XP: Ikhodi yefa enezinguqulo zamanje ze-Windows, ubungozi bokuphepha ezigidini zamadivayisi, ukubanjwa okusemthethweni kwezinkampani zangaphandle, inkinga yosekelo, kanye nokudliwa kwebhizinisi Bakha udonga olunzima ukunqoba. Futhi ukuvuza kuka-2020, okunezifufula ezingu-43 GB kanye nefayela le-ZIP elingu-2,97 GB eliqukethe izingcezu ze-XP ne-Server 2003, kuqinisa iqiniso elingakhululekile: ukutadisha ngokucophelela uhlelo lokusebenza olusabalele ngaphandle kwemvume kwandisa ubungozi kulabo abasalisebenzisa futhi, ngokwandisa, kumapulatifomu esimanje. Okwamanje, labo abasaboshelwe ku-XP ngenxa yesidingo abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabo, ukusebenzisa izilawuli eziqinile, nokusheshisa izinhlelo zabo zokufuduka ngesu elicacile.