- Okuguquguqukayo yizici ezingehluka futhi zibalulekile ekuqoqweni nasekuhlaziyweni kwedatha.
- Okuguquguqukayo kuhlukaniswa njengekhwalithi kanye nenani, ngalinye linezinhlobo ezincanyana ezithile.
- Ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka nokusebenza kwemiphumela yocwaningo.
- Ukushintshashintsha kwezibalo kusivumela ukuthi sithole amaphethini aphusile nobudlelwano emikhakheni eyahlukene, njengesayensi yezenhlalo nezamabhizinisi.
Kuyini ukuguquguquka kwezibalo? Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuqonda ukubaluleka kwawo
1. Kuyini ukuguquguquka kwezibalo?
Incazelo nomqondo
Ukubaluleka kokuguquguquka ocwaningweni lwezibalo
- Bavumela ukuqoqwa kwedathaNgokuchaza okuhlukile okuthile, singakha amathuluzi wokuqoqa idatha, njengezinhlolovo noma ukuhlola, ukuze sithole ulwazi olunembile nolufanele.
- Basiza ukuhlelwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha: Okuguquguqukayo kusivumela ukuthi sakhe futhi sihlukanise idatha eqoqwe ngokwezigaba, senze ukuhlaziya kwayo kusetshenziswa amasu afanele ezibalo.
- Basiza ukuphendula imibuzo yocwaningoNgokutadisha ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguqukayo, singabhekana nemibuzo ethile futhi sihlole ama-hypotheses mayelana nezigigaba esizithandayo.
- Bavumela ukwenziwa jikelele kwemiphumela: Ngokusebenzisa okuhlukile okumelela inani labantu, singakwazi ukufinyelela eziphethweni ezisebenza ngale kwesampula esifundwe.
2. Izinhlobo zokuguquguquka
2.1 Okuguquguqukayo kwekhwalithi
Okuguquguqukayo okuzisholo
Okuguquguqukayo okujwayelekile
2.2 Iziguquguquko zobuningi
Okuguquguqukayo okuhlukile
Okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo
3. Ukuqoqwa kwedatha neziguquguqukayo
Izindlela zokuqoqa idatha
- Inhlolovo kanye nohlu lwemibuzo
- Izingxoxo
- Ukubuka okuqondile
- Ukuhlolwa
- Amarekhodi kanye yolwazi ekhona
Ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo okufanele
- Ukufaneleka: Okuguquguqukayo kufanele kuhambisane nenkinga noma into efundwayo.
- Ukukaleka: Okuguquguqukayo kufanele kulinganiseke ngendlela enokwethenjelwa futhi kulinganiseke.
- Ukuphelela: Okuguquguqukayo okukhethiwe kufanele kufake zonke izici ezibalulekile zesenzo sentshisekelo.
4. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo neziguquguqukayo
Izibalo ezichazayo
- Izilinganiso zokuthambekela okumaphakathi, njengencazelo, i-median, nemodi.
- Izinyathelo zokuhlakazeka, njengobubanzi, ukuhluka, nokuchezuka okujwayelekile.
- Amathebula okuvama kwamagrafu, njengama-histograms neziqephu zamabhokisi.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezibalo
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-hypothesis, okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-t kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-chi-square.
- Izikhathi zokuzethemba zokulinganisa amapharamitha abantu.
- Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla ukuze kufundwe ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguqukayo.
5. Izibonelo zezinto eziguquguqukayo emikhakheni ehlukene
- Izinga lemfundo
- Inzuzo
- Imibono yezombangazwe
- Izici zobuntu
Okuguquguqukayo kwisayensi yemvelo
- Ukushisa
- Ukucindezela
- Isivinini
- Ukugxila kwamakhemikhali
Okuguquguqukayo kwezamabhizinisi nezomnotho
- Intengo yomkhiqizo
- Inzuzo
- Izinga lokungasebenzi
- Inkomba Yentengo Yabathengi
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuthi Kuyini ukuguquguquka kwezibalo
1. Kuyini i-variable ezimele kanye ne-variable exhomeke ku-dependent? I-variable ezimele yileyo eguquliwe noma eshintshwayo ukuze ibone umphumela wayo kwenye i-variable. I-variable exhomeke ku-dependent, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yileyo elinganiswayo futhi ethintwa izinguquko ku-variable ezimele.
2. Ingabe iziguquguquko zekhwalithi zingaguqulwa zibe iziguquguquko zenani? Kwezinye izimo, iziguquguquko zekhwalithi zingafakwa ikhodi noma ziguqulwe zibe iziguquguquko zenani ngokwabela amanani ezinombolo esigabeni ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela nangokucabangela ukulinganiselwa kwale ndlela.
3. Iyini i-variable edidayo? I-variable edidayo yileyo ehlobene ne-variable ezimele kanye ne-dependent, futhi ingaphambukisa ubudlelwano beqiniso phakathi kwazo uma ingalawulwa kahle.
4. Kungani kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile iziguquguquko ocwaningweni? Ukuchaza iziguquguquko ngokucacile kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa kanye nokuba semthethweni kocwaningo. Kuvumela abanye abacwaningi ukuthi baqonde kahle ukuthi yini elinganisiwe nokuthi ilinganiswe kanjani, okwenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa nokuhlola imiphumela.
5. Ingabe izinto eziguquguqukayo zingashintsha phakathi nesifundo? Yebo, izinto eziguquguqukayo zingashintsha phakathi nesifundo, ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni oluthatha isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukubheka nokubhala phansi lezi zinguquko lapho kuhlaziywa futhi kuchazwa imiphumela.
6. Kuyini i-control variable? I-control variable yileyo egcinwa ingaguquki ngesikhathi sokuhlola noma sokutadisha ukuze kuhlukaniswe umphumela we-self variable ku-dependent variable. Kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ithonya lezinto zangaphandle ezingafuneki.
