- I-Kubernetes (K8s) iyi-orchestrator yesitsha esinomthombo ovulekile esenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa, ukukala, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe esitsheni.
- Izingxenye ezibalulekile: I-Master (i-API Server, i-Scheduler), ama-Node, ama-Pod, i-ReplicaSet, i-Deployment, i-Service, i-Ingress, i-ConfigMap/Secret, i-StatefulSet kanye ne-Namespaces.
- Izinzuzo: ukuzenzekela, ukusabalala, ukuthwaleka, ukutholakala okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
- Amacala okusetshenziswa: ukuthuthukiswa, izindawo zokuhlola, amasevisi amancane, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlelekile, idatha enkulu, i-IoT/Edge, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-hybrid efwini noma esikhungweni sedatha.
Siyakwamukela kulesi singeniso esisheshayo se-Kubernetes! Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi iyini i-Kubernetes nokuthi ingakuguqula kanjani ukuphathwa kweziqukathi ekuthuthukisweni kwakho noma endaweni yokukhiqiza, ufike endaweni efanele. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena sijule ku-Kubernetes, obunye bobuchwepheshe obunomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wekhompyutha nokuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kusukela kumqondo kuya emacaleni okuthunyelwa nawokusetshenziswa, uzothola ukubuka konke okuphelele nokuphelele kwe-Kubernetes.
Yini amaKubernetes?
I-Kubernetes , eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ama-K8 (ebizwa ngokuthi "k-eyt"), iyisistimu yomthombo ovulekile eyathuthukiswa yi-Google eyenza kube lula ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukufaka, ukukala, nokuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe ezitsheni. Kodwa kusho ukuthini ngempela lokhu? Ake ngikuchazele.
I-Kubernetes – I-Container Orchestrator. I-Kubernetes ifana nomqhubi we-orchestra wama-container akho. Cabanga ukuthi une-orchestra enabaculi abaningi, ngamunye edlala insimbi ehlukile. Umqhubi unesibopho sokuxhumanisa bonke abaculi ukuze badlale ngokuvumelana futhi bagcine isikhathi. Kulesi simo, abaculi bangama-container akho, kanti i-Kubernetes ingumqhubi oqinisekisa ukuthi basebenza kahle nangendlela ehlelekile.
Izingxenye Ezibalulekile ze-Kubernetes
Manje njengoba sinombono walokho uKubernetes akwenzayo, ake singene ezingxenyeni zayo ezibalulekile:
1. I-Master Node – Ubuchopho Bama-Kubernetes I-master node (i-Master Node) ubuchopho bama-Kubernetes. Iqukethe izingxenye ezifana ne-API Server, i-Control Manager, kanye ne-Scheduler. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuhlelwa kwesitsha.
2. I-Node – Ama-Kubernetes Workers Node amaseva angokoqobo noma abonakalayo lapho izitsha zakho zisebenza khona. Yilapho isenzo sangempela senzeka khona. Ama-Node aqashwa futhi aphathwa yi-master node.
3. I-Pod – Iyunithi Eyisisekelo I-pod iyiyunithi encane kunazo zonke ku-Kubernetes. Ingaqukatha isitsha esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esabelana ngezinsiza futhi sisebenza ku-node efanayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwazo.
4. I-ReplicaSet – Ukuqinisekisa Ukutholakala. I-ReplicaSet igcina inani elithile lamakhophi (amakhophi afanayo) e-pod egijimayo. Uma i-pod yehluleka, i-ReplicaSet idala entsha ukuze iyithathe indawo yayo, iqinisekise ukutholakala kohlelo lokusebenza.
5. Ukufakwa – Ukuphathwa Kwenguqulo Ukufakwa kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwezibuyekezo nezinguqulo zezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ku-Kubernetes. Ungathumela izinguqulo ezintsha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isevisi.
6. Isevisi – Izinsizakalo Zokufinyelela Kuhlelo Lokusebenza zinikeza indlela ezinzile yokufinyelela ama-pod, noma ngabe ahamba phakathi kwama-node. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kohlelo lokusebenza.
7. Ukungena – Ukuphathwa Kwethrafikhi Yangaphandle Ukungena kusetshenziselwa ukuphatha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi engenayo eya kumasevisi ku-Kubernetes. Ungalungiselela imithetho yokuqondisa nokulinganisa imithwalo.
8. I-ConfigMap kanye ne-Secret – Ukuphathwa Kokucushwa Okubucayi I-ConfigMap kanye ne-Secret ziyizinsiza zokuphatha ngokuphephile ukucushwa kanye nezimfihlo, ezihlukile kukhodi yomthombo wohlelo lokusebenza.
9. I-StatefulSet – Kuzinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezijwayelekile I-StatefulSet isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ubunikazi obuqhubekayo kanye nesitoreji, njengezizindalwazi.
10. Isikhala Samagama – Ukuhlukaniswa Okunengqondo Izikhala zamagama zivumela ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwezinsiza eqenjini lamaKubernetes, okusiza ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi noma amaqembu amaningi.
Izinzuzo ze-Kubernetes
Manje njengoba sesiqonda izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-Kubernetes, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola ukuthi kungani lobu buchwepheshe budume kakhulu futhi bubalulekile emhlabeni wekhompyutha.
Ukuzenzakalela Nokukhuliswa: I-Kubernetes yenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ibe ngokuzenzakalelayo, njengokuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza kanye nokuphathwa kweziqukathi. Lokhu konga isikhathi futhi kunciphisa amaphutha omuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Kubernetes ikuvumela ukuthi ukhulise kalula izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza uma kudingeka, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ukuphatheka kwe -Kubernetes kuyinto engaqondakali kwingqalasizinda, okusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa izitsha zakho kunoma iyiphi indawo esekela i-Kubernetes, kungaba sefwini, esikhungweni sedatha esisezindaweni, noma endaweni ehlanganisiwe.
Ukutholakala Okuphezulu Ngezici ezifana nokuphindaphinda okuzenzakalelayo nokulinganisela umthwalo, i-Kubernetes iqinisekisa ukutholakala okuphezulu kwezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza, okunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Ukuphathwa Kwezinsizakusebenza Okusebenzayo i-Kubernetes yabela izinsizakusebenza ngendlela ephumelelayo, okusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa kahle amandla ehadiwe yakho futhi unciphise izindleko zokusebenza.
Izibuyekezo Eziqhubekayo kanye Nezibuyekezo Ezijikelezayo zivumela ukuphathwa kwenguqulo okungenaziphazamiso nokungenaziphazamiso, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izici ezintsha nokulungiswa kwamaphutha.
Kubernetes Sebenzisa Amacala
Manje njengoba sesihlole ukuthi i-Kubernetes iyini kanye nezinzuzo zayo, ake sibheke ezinye izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa:
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesicelo se -Kubernetes kuyindlela ethandwayo yonjiniyela abafuna ukuhlela izitsha futhi benze ngokuzenzakalelayo umjikelezo wokuphila kwesicelo.
Izindawo Zokuhlola Nezitifiketi Ungasebenzisa ama-Kubernetes ukudala ngokushesha izindawo zokuhlola neziqinisekiso, okusheshisa inqubo yokuthuthukiswa futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziqinile ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni.
Ukukhuliswa Kwesicelo Sewebhu: Izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu zingabhekana nokwanda kwethrafikhi ngezikhathi ezithile. I-Kubernetes yenza kube lula ukukhuliswa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla.
Ama-Microservices kanye Nezakhiwo Ezisatshalaliswayo I-Kubernetes ilungele ukusebenzisa nokuphatha ama-microservices, okwenza kube nokwakheka okuguquguqukayo nokwe-modular.
Izicelo Ezichazayo Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga isitoreji esiqhubekayo kanye nokutholakala okuphezulu, i-Kubernetes inikeza izixazululo ezifana ne-StatefulSets.
Ingqalasizinda njengeKhodi (IaC) Ama-Kubernetes ahlangana kahle namathuluzi e-IaC afana ne-Terraform, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha ingqalasizinda njengekhodi.
I-Big Data kanye ne-Batch Processing Kubernetes isetshenziswa futhi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokucubungula idatha enkulu kanye ne-batch, lapho kudingeka khona izinsiza ezikwazi ukukhuliswa neziguquguqukayo.
IoT kanye ne-Edge Computing Ezweni le-IoT kanye ne-Edge Computing, ama-Kubernetes angaphatha ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kumadivayisi asemaphethelweni enethiwekhi.
Isiphetho
Ngamafuphi, i-Kubernetes iwubuchwepheshe obuhlaba umxhwele obuguqule indlela esithumela nokuphatha ngayo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe emabhokisini. Kusukela ekhonweni layo lokuzenzela imisebenzi eyisicefe kuye ekulinganiseni nasekuphathekeni kwayo, i-Kubernetes inikeza isisombululo esinamandla sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zengqalasizinda yesimanje.
Uma ufuna ukungena ujule emhlabeni we-Kubernetes, sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole izinsiza ezengeziwe kanye nezifundo eziku-inthanethi. I-Master Kubernetes futhi uthathe amakhono akho okuphatha izitsha uwayise ezingeni elilandelayo!
Zizwe ukhululekile ukwabelana ngalesi sihloko nabanye abathanda ubuchwepheshe nabahleli abafuna ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-Kubernetes. Ndawonye, singasabalalisa ulwazi futhi sizuze okuningi kuleli thuluzi elimangalisayo lomculo weziqukathi.
Siyabonga ngokufunda!
Yabelana ngalesi sihloko!