- I-EU ihlose ukuphinda kabili isabelo sayo semakethe ye-semiconductor iye kuma-20% ngo-2030.
- Ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-43.000 atshalwe ocwaningweni nasekukhiqizeni.
- Kusungulwa izinsika ezintathu: ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele.
- Umthetho wehlisa ukuncika kwezobuchwepheshe e-Asia nase-US, uqinisa imboni yendawo.
Ukufika koMthetho we -European Chip kuphawula inguquko embonini ye-semiconductor ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. Njengoba isidingo esikhulayo salezi zingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nokuthembela kwangaphandle okuye kwabeka engcupheni ukukhiqizwa emikhakheni eminingi, i-EU inqume ukuthatha izinyathelo zamasu zokuqinisa ubukhosi bayo kwezobuchwepheshe.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola kabanzi i-European Chip Act : izinhloso zayo, umthelela wayo embonini, nokuthi ifuna kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwama-semiconductors ezwenikazi. Sizohlaziya nezinsika eziyisisekelo ezisekela lolu hlelo olukhulu kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okwabelwe ukuqaliswa kwalo.
Uyini umthetho we-European Chip Law?
UMthetho we-European Chip usethi yezinyathelo ezivunyiwe yi-European Union ngenhloso yokuqinisa umkhakha we-semiconductor ngaphakathi kwezwekazi. Lesi sinyathelo savela ngenxa yenkinga yomhlaba wonke ye-chip eyathinta izimboni eziningi, kusukela kwezezimoto kuya kwezobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha.
Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okungaphezu kwama- €43.000 billion , i-EU ihlose ukuphinda kabili isabelo sayo semakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-semiconductor, kusukela ku- 10% yamanje kuya ku-20% ngo-2030. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, umthetho uhlelwe ngezinsika ezintathu eziyisisekelo ezibhekene nocwaningo, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinkinga kuchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwama-chip.
Kungani kudingeka umthetho othize wama-chips?
Ama-semiconductor ayizici ezibalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izisetshenziswa zesimanje ze-elekthronikhi. Kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, ama-chip abalulekile ekusebenzeni komphakathi wethu wedijithali.
Kodwa-ke, ukushoda kwama-chip emhlabeni wonke kugcizelele ukuthembela okukhulu kwe-EU kubaphakeli bangaphandle, ikakhulukazi labo abase-Asia nase-United States. Lesi simo siholele i-European Union ukuthi ifune izixazululo zokuqinisa amandla ayo okukhiqiza nokunciphisa ubungozi bayo bokuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Izinsika ezintathu ze-European Chip Law
Umthetho we-European Chip uhlelwe ngezinsika ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisungula izisekelo zokuhlangabezana nezinhloso ze-EU emkhakheni we-semiconductors:
1. Ama-Chips for Europe Initiative
Le nsika yokuqala ihlose ukuqinisa ubuholi bezobuchwepheshe baseYurophu embonini ye-semiconductor. Izimali zabelwe ukuthuthukisa ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha , okwenza kube lula ukuguquka kusuka emalabhorethri kuya ezimbonini.
Ezinye zezenzo ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwalolu hlelo zihlanganisa:
- Ukudalwa kwe imigqa yokukhiqiza eyindiza ethuthukisiwe.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-a isiteji sokuklama kusekelwe efwini.
- Ukusungulwa kwe izikhungo zamakhono okukhethekile.
- Umfutho we ama-quantum chips nobuchwepheshe obusha.
2. Ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwama-chip nokunciphisa ukuthembela emazweni angaphandle, i-EU ikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamafektri ngaphakathi kwezwekazi. Kuchazwe izinhlobo ezimbili zezikhungo zamasu:
- Izinsiza zokukhiqiza ezihlanganisiwe: amafekthri athuthukisa futhi akhiqize ama-chips ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Vula ama-Foundries: izitshalo ezivumela izinkampani zangaphandle ukuthi zidizayine futhi zenze ama-chips e-EU.
3. Ukusabela ezinkingeni kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi
I-EU isebenzise indlela yokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ukuze ibikezele izinkinga zokuphakelwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- European Semiconductor Council yakhiwe ukuze iqondise impendulo yokuphazamiseka okungenzeka ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwe-European Chip Law
Ukuze kufezwe le migomo emikhulu, i-EU ibeke utshalomali olungakaze lubonwe . Uxhaso lokuqala lomphakathi oluyizigidigidi ezingama-€43.000 kulindeleke ukuthi lunezelwe yimali yangasese kanye neminikelo evela emazweni angamalungu.
Imali izokwabiwa kanje:
- 3.300 billion wama-euro I-Chips for Europe Initiative.
- Izibonelelo nosizo ezinkampanini ezitshala imali kuzo ingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza.
- Ukuphromothwa kwe Uphenyo kanye nentuthuko emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zobuchwepheshe.
Umthelela embonini nasemnothweni waseYurophu
Ukuqaliswa koMthetho we-European Chips kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu embonini yaseYurophu. Imiphumela emihle eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
- Ukunciphisa ukuncika kwangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuzinzile kwama-chips.
- Ukuthuthukisa imboni yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqashwa emikhakheni esezingeni eliphezulu.
- Ukuphromothwa kwe emisha, okuvumela i-EU ukuthi ihlale ihamba phambili kubuchwepheshe obusafufusa.
Ikusasa lemboni ye-semiconductor yaseYurophu libukeka liqhakazile ngokusetshenziswa kwalo mthetho. Nokho, impumelelo izoncika ekusetshenzisweni ngendlela efanele kwamasu ahlongozwayo kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele.