Izikripthi zeBash nezinsiza: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokwenza i-Linux isebenze ngokuzenzakalela

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Izikripthi zeBash nezinsiza: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokwenza i-Linux isebenze ngokuzenzakalela

Uma usebenza ne-Linux nsuku zonke—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphatha amaseva , ulungisa ama-container, noma uthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza—ukufunda kahle i-bash scripting cishe yikhono elizokongela isikhathi esiningi. Ngamafayela ambalwa ombhalo kanye nomcabango othile, ungenza konke ngokuzenzakalelayo kusukela kuma-backups kuya kuma-deployments ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nemisebenzi ejwayelekile oyenzayo ngesandla njengamanje ngaphandle kokuqaphela.

Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe nangokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani imibhalo ye-bash kanye namaqoqo ezinsizakusebenza ukuguqula imibhalo yakho isuke emiyalweni elula neyisisekelo ibe amathuluzi ochwepheshe ngempela. Sizoqala ngezisekelo ze-shell, simboze imiyalo ebalulekile, izakhiwo zokulawula, imisebenzi, ama-array, ukulungisa amaphutha, i-cron, nokuningi. Sizohlola futhi amanye ama-function repositories kanye nama-Bash GUI azothatha imibhalo yakho iye ezingeni elilandelayo.

Kuyini iBash futhi kungani iwusizo kangaka ezenzakalelayo?

I-Bash (i-Bourne Again Shell) iyisihumushi semiyalo esisakazeke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-Unix: iningi elikhulu lokusabalalisa kwe-Linux liyifaka njengegobolondo layo elizenzakalelayo, futhi ingatholakala naku-macOS naku- Windows nge-WSL noma kuma-terminals e-Git Bash. Kuyi- interface esebenzisanayo kanye nolimi lokubhala.

Uma uvula i-terminal, i-Bash ibonisa i -prompt lapho ungathayipha khona imiyalo. Umyalo ngamunye uvame ukulandela izimpikiswano zomyalo wesakhiwo . Konke okwaziyo ukukwenza "ngesandla" ku-terminal kungafakwa kufayela lombhalo ukuze kwenziwe ngobuningi.

Iskripthi se-bash simane nje siyifayela lombhalo ocacile eliqukethe uhlu lwemiyalo igobolondo eliyenzayo ngokulandelana. Yilokho umlingo: esikhundleni sokuthayipha imiyalo eyi-10 nsuku zonke, uyayigcina, uyinike izimvume zokusebenzisa, bese uyiqhuba ngesinyathelo esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungangeza iziguquguquko, izimo, ama-loop, kanye nemisebenzi ukwenza izinqumo, ukuphinda imisebenzi, kanye nokuhlanganisa i-logic.

I-Bash ilandela nefilosofi yakudala ye-Unix: amathuluzi amaningi amancane enza into eyodwa kahle kakhulu futhi ahlanganiswe namapayipi . Ngombhalo owodwa, ungahlanganisa i-find, grep, sed, awk, tar, gzip , ssh, scp , kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi wesistimu ukudala izinqubo zokuphatha nezokulungisa ezinamandla kakhulu.

Imiqondo eyisisekelo yegobolondo kanye nokubhala ku-Bash

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele i-Bash scripting, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemiqondo emibili: i -shell kanye ne-scripting uqobo lwayo . I-shell uhlelo oluchaza imiyalo, kanti i-scripting inqubo yokuhlanganisa leyo miyalo ibe ifayela elisebenzisekayo.

Iskripthi esijwayelekile sihlala siqala ngomugqa okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi i-shebang . Lo mugqa wokuqala utshela uhlelo ukuthi yimuphi umhumushi okufanele amsebenzise ukwenza ifayela. Ngokuvamile uzobona into efana nale:

#!/bin/bash

Ungasebenzisa futhi i-`#!/usr/bin/env bash` ukuze uhlelo lufune i-Bash ku-PATH. Lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe uma indlela eya ku-executable ingeyona i-`/bin/bash`, okuyinto eyenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ezindaweni ezingavamile.

Izikripthi ngokuvamile zigcinwa ngesandiso se-.sh (ukuze kucace, hhayi ngoba kuyimpoqo) futhi kufanele uzinike imvume yokusebenzisa nge -`chmod +x script_name.sh` . Ukusuka lapho, ungazisebenzisa nge -`./ script_name.sh` noma ngokubiza i-bash ngqo.

bash nombre_script.sh
./nombre_script.sh

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda imiqondo ye -stdin, i-stdout, kanye ne-stderr : okokufaka okujwayelekile (ikhibhodi, noma yini oyiqondisa kuyo), okuphumayo okujwayelekile (isikrini), kanye nokuphuma kwephutha. Ukwazi ukuthi ungayiqondisa kanjani futhi uyihlanganise kanjani le mithombo kubalulekile ekubhaleni izikripthi ezihlanzekile nezilula ukulungisa iphutha.

Izinzuzo zangempela zokusebenzisa izikripthi ze-Bash empilweni yakho yansuku zonke

Ukusebenzisa i-Bash ukuze yenze izinto ngokuzenzakalela akuyona nje into evamile yabaphathi besikole sakudala; kunezinzuzo ezicacile kakhulu. Ngefayela elilodwa, ungapakisha ukulandelana okude kwemiyalo bese uyiqhuba kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokungaguquki nangaphandle kwamaphutha.

Inzuzo yokuqala enkulu ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo . Esikhundleni sokuphinda izinyathelo ngesandla njalo uma usebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza noma udala ikhophi yasenqolobaneni, ubhala konke kusikripthi bese uyisebenzisa uma kudingeka (noma uhlele nge-cron). Umsebenzi omncane wesandla, amaphutha ambalwa ayisiwula.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuphatheka kalula . Uma nje imiyalo oyisebenzisayo itholakala, iskripthi sakho sizosebenza kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux, i-macOS, noma ngisho ne-Windows enemvelo ye-Bash. Lokhu kwenza imisebenzi eminingi ibe lula ukuyihambisa phakathi kwezindawo.

Izikripthi nazo zicacile kakhulu : ziwumbhalo ocacile nje. Noma ubani angazivula, abone ukuthi zenzani, futhi azilungise. Awudingi ukuhlanganisa noma yini noma ukususa ukubhala phansi ama-binary. Futhi uma uzihlanganisa ne-Git, uthola ukulawula inguqulo yamahhala kanye nokushintsha i-auditing.

Okokugcina, ukufunda i-Bash kulula ngokufanele. Uma wazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-terminal futhi unokuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuhlela (iziguquguquko, uma izitatimende, ama-loop), uzoshesha ngokushesha. Futhi imbuyiselo yaleso sikhathi yokutshalwa kwezimali inkulu kakhulu maqondana nokukhiqiza.

Ukudalwa kanye nesakhiwo esiyisisekelo seskripthi seBash

Ukudala iskripthi sakho sokuqala cishe kuyinto encane, kodwa kungcono ukukwenza kusukela ekuqaleni. Iskeleton esincane seskripthi se-Bash singafaka i-shebang, amazwana anolwazi, umzimba weskripthi, kanye nokuphuma okulawulwayo.

Indlela evamile yokuqala iwukuthi:

#!/bin/bash
# Descripción: pequeño script de ejemplo
echo "Hola, mundo"

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukubhala phansi ekuqaleni lokho okwenziwa yiskripthi, ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso esizilindele, kanye nesibonelo sokusetshenziswa okusheshayo. Lolu lwazi lungangezwa nge- comments , eqala ngo- # ku-Bash futhi inganakwa ngokuphelele ngumhumushi.

Ngemva kwesihloko, ubhala i-logic: izincazelo eziguquguqukayo, ukufundwa kokufaka, izingcingo zomyalo, imisebenzi, ama-loop, izimo ... konke okudingayo ukuze wenze umsebenzi osebenzayo ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Enye imininingwane ebalulekile ukuqeda iskripthi ngokubuyisela ikhodi yokuphuma ehambisanayo, njenge -`exit N` . Ikhodi engu-0 isho impumelelo, futhi noma yiliphi elinye inani libonisa iphutha. Leli nani lingahlolwa livela ngaphandle kusetshenziswa i -`$?` , okukuvumela ukuthi uxhume izikripthi futhi usabele ekuhlulekeni.

Amazwana, iziguquguquko, kanye nezinhlobo zedatha ku-Bash

Amazwana angabangani bakho : ayasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi ingxenye yesikripthi yenzani, ukuthi kungani kwenziwe isinqumo, noma ukuthi yini leyo nqubo engavamile ezoyenza ezinyangeni eziyisithupha uma usukhohliwe konke ngayo. Njengakwezinye izilimi, ku-Bash ziqala ngo- # bese ziya ekugcineni komugqa.

Ngokuphathelene neziguquguquko , i-Bash ivumela kakhulu: azikho izinhlobo ezisemthethweni, konke kuyintambo, futhi igobolondo linquma ukuthi lizohumusha yini into njengenombolo uma uyicela. Ukuze unikeze inani, usebenzisa i-`name=value` ngaphandle kwezikhala ezizungeze uphawu lokulingana.

pais="España"
numero=42

Ukuze ufunde okuqukethwe kwe-variable, yandulele ngo- $ : isibonelo, $country . Uma ufuna ukucaca okukhulu noma ukuhlanganisa imibhalo eyinkimbinkimbi, kungcono ukusebenzisa i- ${country} ukuze uyihlukanise kahle.

Qaphela izimpawu zokucaphuna . Ngezingcaphuno eziphindwe kabili, uBash uhumusha iziguquguquko kanye nokulandelana okukhethekile ( "$var", "\n" ). Ngezingcaphuno ezilodwa, konke okuqukethwe kuphathwa njengombhalo oqondile: '$var' iphrintiwe njengoba injalo, ngaphandle kokunwetshwa.

Kukhona futhi iziguquguquko ezikhethekile zokusingatha izimpikiswano kanye nomongo: $# (inani lezimpikiswano), $0 (igama lesikripthi), $1, $2… (izimpikiswano zesimo), $? (ikhodi yokuphuma yomyalo wokugcina), $$ (inqubo ye-PID), phakathi kwezinye eziningi eziwusizo ukutholakala.

Ukufaka nokukhipha ku-Bash scripts

Isikripthi esiwusizo asivamile ukuba khona sodwa: ngokuvamile sicela idatha kumsebenzisi, sifunde kumafayela, sicubungule amalogi, noma sibhale imiphumela kudiski. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqonda kahle i- `read`, `echo`, kanye ne-redirection.

Indlela elula yokufunda into umsebenzisi ayithayiphayo iwukusebenzisa i- read :

echo "Introduce tu nombre:"
read nombre
echo "Hola, $nombre"

Ukuze sikhiphe umbhalo uye kokukhiphayo okujwayelekile, sisebenzisa i-`echo` noma i-`printf` . I-`echo` ilula futhi ishesha ukuyibhala, kuyilapho i-`printf` ikunikeza ukulawula okuphelele kokufometha (ukuqondanisa, izindawo zamadesimali, njll.). Ungaphinde uqondise noma yikuphi okukhiphayo kufayela usebenzisa i-`>` (ukubhala ngaphezulu) noma i-`>>` (engeza).

Isibonelo, ukulondoloza "Sawubona mhlaba" kufayela:

echo "Hola mundo" > hola.txt

Noma ukwengeza imigqa ngaphandle kokususa eyedlule:

echo "Otra línea" >> hola.txt

Uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa okukhiphayo okuvamile namaphutha, khumbula ukuthi i-stdout iyincazelo 1 kanti i-stderr iyincazelo 2. Ungawathumela kumafayela ahlukene noma uwalahle ku- /dev/null uma ungazidingi.

comando 1>salida.txt 2>errores.txt
comando >/dev/null 2>&1

Imiyalo ebalulekile yeBash yokubhala

Isikripthi ngasinye se-Bash sincike kusethi yemiyalo yesistimu eyisisekelo . Cishe usebenzisa eminingi yayo nsuku zonke, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela yokubhala lapho uyisebenzisa kuma-script: isikhala esingekho endaweni efanele noma indlela engavamile ingaphazamisa yonke inqubo yakho.

Ukuze uzulazule ohlelweni, une -`pwd` (ibonisa isiqondisi samanje) kanye ne -`cd` (ishintsha amafolda). Ukuze ubhale okuqukethwe, sebenzisa i-`ls` enezinketho zayo eziningi. Dala iziqondisi nge -`mkdir` , susa amafayela nge -`rm` (ngokucophelela okukhulu), bese uhambisa/kopisha amafayela nge -`mv` kanye ne -`cp`.

Imiyalo evamile yokuhlola umbhalo ifaka phakathi `cat` (ibonisa amafayela), `tac` (reverses), `head` , `tail` , kanye namathuluzi okuhlunga njenge `grep` , `sed` , kanye ne `awk` . Lokhu kwakha isisekelo sokudala izikripthi ezihlaziya amalogi, zenze ukushintshana ngobuningi, noma zikhiphe idatha ethile.

Ezingeni lesistimu, kubalulekile ukwazi u-`ps` kanye no-`top` wezinqubo, u-`kill` wokuqeda izinqubo, u-`df` kanye no-`du` wesikhala sediski, kanye no -`systemctl` wokuphatha izinsizakalo ezinhlelweni ezine-systemd. Yonke le miyalo ihlanganiswe ngokwemvelo kuma-script.

Okokugcina, ungakhohlwa i-`man` : incwadi yemiyalelo. Cishe noma yimuphi umbuzo mayelana nezinketho zomyalo nokuziphatha ungaphendulwa nge -`man command` . Ukukwazi ukufunda ikhasi lemiyalelo ngokushelelayo kuyingxenye yempi yokuba umlawuli.

Izakhiwo zokulawula: izimo kanye nezihibe

Njengoba izikripthi zakho zikhula kancane, uzodinga ukuthi zenze izinqumo futhi ziphinde izenzo. Yilapho izakhiwo zokulawula zingena khona : uma/kungenjalo, icala, ngenkathi, kuze kube, kanye ne-for.

Isimiso sakudala ku-Bash sisebenzisa u-`if` kanye no -`[ ] ` ukuhlola izimo. Isibonelo, ukuhlola ukuthi inombolo inkulu kuno-10:

read num
if ]; then
  echo "El número es mayor a 10"
else
  echo "El número es menor o igual a 10"
fi

I-syntax ] ingeyesimanje futhi iphephile kune- , futhi ivumela ama-operators anengqondo alula kakhulu kanye nokuphathwa kwezintambo okuthuthukisiwe. Ezimweni eziningana ezichazwe kusengaphambili, i-case ifundeka kalula, ikakhulukazi uma unenani elilindelekile eliningi:

read n
case $n in
  101)  echo "Primer número" ;;
  510)  echo "Segundo número" ;;
  999)  echo "Tercer número" ;;
  *)    echo "Sin coincidencias" ;;
esac

Esigabeni sama-loop, i-`while` iphinda uma nje isimo sifinyelelwe, i-`until` yenza okuphambene (iphinda kuze kube yilapho isimo siyiqiniso), futhi i-`for` isetshenziselwa ukuphindaphinda phezu kohlu, ama-array, noma amabanga ezinombolo. Isibonelo, i-`for` loop yokuphindaphinda phakathi nezinsuku zesonto:

for dia in Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueves Viernes Sábado Domingo; do
  echo "Día: $dia"
done

Futhi i-loop ejwayelekile ye-while enekhawunta yangaphakathi:

i=0
while ]; do
  echo $i
  ((i++))
done

Imisebenzi ku-Bash: ukusebenzisa kabusha i-logic ngaphandle kokuhlanya

Imisebenzi ku-Bash ikuvumela ukuthi uqoqe imiyalo bese uyisebenzisa kabusha kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, okwenza iskripthi sakho sihlanzeke kakhulu futhi silawuleke kalula. Ngale kosayizi othile, uma ungasebenzisi imisebenzi, ugcina unesilo okunzima ukusigcina.

Zingamenyezelwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezilinganayo:

hola() {
  echo "Hola desde una función"
}

function hola2 {
  echo "Hola también"
}

Ukuze ubabize, mane ubhale amagama abo emgqeni njengokungathi bangomunye umyalo. Abasebenzisi ngoba nje bechazwe, ngakho ungakhohlwa ukubabiza ngaphakathi komzimba wesikripthi.

Imisebenzi ithola amapharamitha esikhundla afana ncamashi neskripthi: ngaphakathi komsebenzi owusebenzisayo $1, $2, $# , njll. Ungabuyisela ikhodi yezinombolo enokubuyisela u-N (okuhloswe ukukhombisa impumelelo noma iphutha) kanye neziguquguquko zomhlaba wonke ukuze kubuyiselwe imiphumela ecebile njengezintambo noma ama-array.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungamaka iziguquguquko njengezisendaweni ngaphakathi komsebenzi ukuze "zingangcolisi" lonke iskripthi. Lokhu kunconywa kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukubhala ngaphezulu ngephutha amanani omhlaba wonke.

Ama-array kanye nokuphathwa kombhalo ku-Bash

Nakuba i-Bash ingaklanyelwe ukubala okuyinkimbinkimbi, iphatha kahle imisebenzi yama-array kanye ne-string ngokwanele emisebenzini eminingi yokuzenzakalela. Ukwazi ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kwandisa kakhulu lokho ongakwenza ngemiyalo embalwa nje.

I-array elula ichazwa kanje:

frutas=(Pera Manzana Plátano)

Ufinyelela izakhi ngazinye nge- ${fruits} , uzithole zonke nge- ${fruits} , inani lezakhi nge- ${#fruits} , kanye nezinkomba ezisetshenziswa nge- ${!fruits} . Lokhu kokugcina kuyasiza uma kukhona "izikhala" ku-array futhi ufuna ukuphindaphinda kuphela phezu kwezikhundla ezivumelekile.

Ukuze uphindaphinde lonke uhlelo, ungasebenzisa i- for loop kuma-indices:

for i in ${!frutas}; do
  echo "frutas = ${frutas}"
done

I-Bash isekela imisebenzi eminingana eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ku-text strings : ubude ( ${#str} ), i-substrings ( ${str:N:M} ), ukushintshwa ( ${str/ant/new} , ${str//ant/new} ), isiqalo kanye nokusika i-suffix ( ${str#text} , ${str%text} ), njll. Lawa mathuluzi aqeda isidingo sokusebenzisa i-sed noma i-awk emisebenzini elula.

Ukuze uthole ukuguqulwa kombhalo okungathi sína - isibonelo amalogi amakhulu noma idatha yethebula - uzodinga i-grep, i-sed, i-awk, i-cut nokunye okunjalo, ongakwazi ukukuhlanganisa ndawonye ngamapayipi noma ukukuhlanganisa ngqo nemisebenzi ye-Bash.

Izimvume, ukwenziwa, kanye ne-cron: kusuka kusikripthi esizimele kuya kumsebenzi ohleliwe

Uma usubhale iskripthi sakho, udinga ukusenza sisebenze futhi unqume ukuthi uzosiqalisa kanjani. Isinyathelo esijwayelekile ukusebenzisa:

chmod +x mi_script.sh

Ukusuka lapho, ungayisebenzisa nge -`./my_script.sh` uma ukufolda efanayo, noma ngokubhekisela endleleni yayo ephelele: `/full/path /my_script.sh`. Enye inketho ukuyibiza nge- `bash my_script.sh` ngaphandle kokuyinika izimvume zokusebenzisa, yize lokhu kungeyona into evamile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza.

Uma ufuna iskripthi sisebenze ngezikhathi ezithile (nsuku zonke, masonto onke, njalo ngemizuzu emi-5, njll.), i-cron iyaqala ukusebenza . Nge -`crontab -e` ungahlela ithebula lomsebenzi lomsebenzisi bese uchaza izinto ezifana nalezi:

0 0 * * *   /ruta/backup.sh
*/5 * * * * /ruta/monitor.sh

Umugqa wokuqala ubhala iskripthi phakathi kwamabili nsuku zonke; owesibili, njalo ngemizuzu emi-5. Amasimu abonisa umzuzu, ihora, usuku lwenyanga, inyanga, kanye nosuku lwesonto, ngaleyo ndlela. Ungabona ukuthi yini esehleliwe kakade usebenzisa i-`crontab -l` .

Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlola ama- system log . Ku-Debian/Ubuntu, imiyalezo ye-cron ivame ukungena ngemvume ku- /var/log/syslog . Ukuyibuyekeza kuzokutshela ukuthi umsebenzi uqhubekile, ukuthi uphahlazekile ngenxa yezinkinga zezimvume, noma ukuthi awuzange uqale.

Ukulungisa amaphutha, imikhuba emihle kakhulu, kanye neziguquguquko ezikhethekile ku-Bash

Ukulungisa amaphutha kuma-script e-Bash kunamaqhinga awo ngoba, ngokuzenzakalelayo, igobolondo liyaqhubeka nokusebenza noma ngabe umyalo wehluleka. Ukuze uhlele inkinga, kungcono ukuvula imodi eqinile bese usebenzisa izinketho zokulungisa amaphutha ezinikezwa yi-Bash.

Beka into efana nale ekuqaleni kweskripthi:

set -euo pipefail
set -x

Lokhu kwenza iskripthi sime ephutheni lokuqala ( -e ), siphathe iziguquguquko ezingachazwanga njengokwehluleka ( -u ), sithole amaphutha kumapayipi ( pipefail ), futhi sibonise umyalo ngamunye owandisiwe ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa ( -x ). Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu; ekukhiqizeni, ungase ukhethe ukusebenzisa i--x kuphela ezigabeni ezithile.

Ngaphezu kwe -BASH_REMATCH (ewusizo kakhulu ngezinkulumo ezijwayelekile), i-Bash ineziguquguquko zangaphakathi ezifana ne -BASH_SUBSHELL (izinga lamanje le-subshell), i-BASH_ENV (ifayela elilayishiwe lapho kuqala i-subshell), i-BASH_EXECUTION_STRING (umyalo osebenzayo), kanye ne-BASH_VERSION (inguqulo yomhumushi). Konke lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uvumelanise ukuziphatha kweskripthi nendawo, ulungise izinkinga ezingavamile, futhi uqinisekise ukuhambisana.

Njengemikhuba emihle eyengeziwe, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amagama aguquguqukayo achazayo , ukugwema amagama agodliwe, imisebenzi yedokhumenti, ukuqinisekisa njalo okokufaka komsebenzisi, nokuhlola amakhodi okuphuma emiyalweni ebalulekile (ama-backups, ama-deletions, ukunyakaza okukhulu).

Futhi ungakhohlwa amathuluzi angaphandle afana ne-ShellCheck , ehlaziya izikripthi zakho futhi ikuxwayise ngamaphutha amancane, imikhuba emibi, kanye nokwakheka okuyingozi. Ukuyifaka kumhleli wakho noma kuphayiphi ye-CI/CD kuyindlela elula yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho.

Amaqoqo ezinsiza ze-Bash nama-GUI ezikripthi zakho

Ngaphezu kwezici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ze-Bash, kunezinhlaka ezinamandla kanye namaqoqo emisebenzi abanjwe ku-GitHub ongazi "xhuma" kumaskripthi akho usebenzisa i-`source` . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ufake izinsiza ngemizuzwana ebekungathatha isikhathi eside ukuzithuthukisa.

Isibonelo esisodwa yi- Bashmatic , uhlaka olunezici eziningi ezenza kube lula konke kusukela ekufometheni okukhiphayo namalogi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwemisebenzi ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphathwa kokucushwa, kanye nokusebenzisana nezinsizakalo zangaphandle. Igxile kakhulu ekunikezeni impendulo ecacile kunjiniyela ngenkathi iskripthi sisebenza, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu uma izinqubo zakho zithatha imizuzu noma amahora ukuqeda.

Ukuze kuqaliswe imisebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphrojekthi afana ne -bash-concurrent ahlinzeka ngomsebenzi olungele ukusetshenziswa oqala imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ubonise umphumela ohleliwe njengoba uphela. Lokhu kulungele izikripthi ezidinga ukucubungula izinto eziningi ezizimele (amaseva amaningi, amafayela, njll.).

Uma udinga ama-interface alula kakhulu ezithombeni phezu kwe-Bash, kunezinhlelo ezifana ne -EasyBashGUI noma i-Script-Dialog ezikhiqiza izingxoxo ze-GUI noma ze-TUI kuye ngokuthi yini oyifakile: i-kdialog, i-zenity, i-whiptail, i-dialog … Ngale ndlela, iskripthi esifanayo singasebenza kahle noma ngabe usiqhuba endaweni enemifanekiso noma esigungwini esimsulwa.

Umqondo ojwayelekile ngala malayibrari uhlala ufana: ulanda noma ukopisha indawo yokugcina, bese kuthi kusikripthi sakho wengeze umugqa ofana no-` source /path/to/utilities.sh` . Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, yonke imisebenzi echazwe kulelo fayela iyatholakala kusikripthi sakho, njengokungathi ingeyakho.

Ekugcineni, ukwazi ukubhala kahle i-Bash scripting nokwazi izinsiza ezimbalwa ezivela eceleni kukunikeza ibhokisi lamathuluzi elikhulu lokwenza i-Linux ngokuzenzakalela (nezindawo ezifanayo) ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi uvuselela isondo. Kusukela kumaskripthi amancane omuntu siqu kuya ezinqubweni ezibalulekile zokuphatha uhlelo, inhlanganisela yemiyalo eyaziwayo, izakhiwo zokulawula ezicacile, imikhuba emihle yokulungisa amaphutha, kanye nemitapo yolwazi yangaphandle kwenza i-Bash ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yikuphi ukuhamba komsebenzi okungathi sína kobuchwepheshe.