- Ukuxhumana kwe-M2M kuyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe se-IoT futhi kuvumela imishini namadivayisi ukushintshanisa idatha nemiyalo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
- I-5G iletha isivinini esikhulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nokusikwa kwenethiwekhi, okwenza ukuxhumana kwe-M2M kusebenze ezindaweni ezibucayi njengezitimela noma ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo.
- Ama-router ezimboni, amasango kanye namaswishi ane-M2M SIM, i-eUICC kanye ne-Multi-IMSI aqinisekisa ukuqina, ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nokuhamba kwezinkampani eziningi.
- Ukuphepha, ukusebenzisana, ukukhulisa kanye nokuthobela imithetho kuyinselele enkulu lapho kusetshenziswa izixazululo ze-M2M ngezinga elikhulu.
Ukuxhumana kwe -5G M2M ezindaweni ezingenamingcele akuseyona into yesikhathi esizayo, kodwa kuyiqiniso elishintsha indlela amadolobha, imboni, ezokuthutha, ngisho nemishini yokuthengisa ekhoneni esebenza ngayo. Into exakile ukuthi, nakuba sizungezwe imishini exhunyiwe, ngokuvamile asicabangi ngisho nengqalasizinda enkulu ngemuva kwayo konke okwenza isebenze, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezulu noma indawo yedivayisi.
Kusukela emishinini yokuthengisa, ama-ATM, izindawo zokushaja izimoto zikagesi, amabhodi amakhulu, izinzwa zezimboni, izimoto ezixhunyiwe, kanye nezimoto ezizimele kuya ezinhlelweni ze-alamu kanye ne-telemedicine, konke kuncike kumanethiwekhi e-M2M anamandla kakhulu. Ukuqhubekela phambili ku-5G kanye ne-edge computing kuthatha lezi zixazululo kwelinye izinga, ngama-millisecond latency namapulatifomu akwazi ukuphatha izinkulungwane zamadivayisi ahlakazekile ezimweni ezibucayi lapho ukusika uxhumano kungeyona inketho.
Iyini ngempela i-M2M futhi ihlobene kanjani ne-IoT?
Uma sikhuluma nge -M2M (Umshini kuya kumshini), sibhekisela ekuxhumaneni okuqondile phakathi kwemishini namadivayisi ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu njalo. Amakhompyutha, izinzwa, amamitha, ama-router, izimoto, ama-lifti, namaphaneli okukhanya athumela idatha komunye nomunye nasemapulatifomu aphakathi ukuze kulinganiswe, kuqashwe, kulawulwe, futhi kuzenzakalele izinqubo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Lokhu kuxhumana kwe-M2M kungathembela ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe: i-RFID, i-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, amanethiwekhi eselula e-4G kanye ne-5G, i-LPWAN, i-ZigBee, i-WiMAX, noma amanethiwekhi anezintambo . Isihluthulelo ukukhetha inhlanganisela efanele ngokusekelwe esimweni sokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukumbozwa okutholakalayo, kanye nezidingo zokuphepha noma zokubambezeleka.
I- Internet of Things (IoT) yigama elibanzi kakhulu elihlanganisa yonke indawo yezinto ezixhunywe kwi-inthanethi, kusukela ezinzwa zasekhaya kuya kumarobhothi ezimboni. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sambulela, i-M2M "ingqimba yobuchwepheshe" yokuxhumana komshini nomshini . Ngamanye amazwi: i-IoT ihlanganisa abantu, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinsizakalo zamafu, kanye nokuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe; i-M2M igxile ekwenzeni amadivayisi akwazi ukuxhumana ngokuthembekile nangokuzenzakalela.
Emvelweni yezimboni, sivame ukukhuluma nge- IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) , okuwukusetshenziswa kwalezi zobuchwepheshe emafektri, ezitshalweni zikagesi, ezokuthutha, amarobhothi, ezolimo ezithuthukisiwe, njll., lapho ukuxhumana kwe-M2M kuyisisekelo se- Industry 4.0 edumile.
Indlela inethiwekhi ye-M2M esebenza ngayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Isixazululo sokuxhumana sesimanje se-M2M sihilela izinto eziningana ezivumela idatha ukuthi igeleze ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuphephile, futhi, uma kudingeka, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi:
Okokuqala, kukhona ukuhlonza nokubhalisa idivayisi ngayinye . Yonke idivayisi ye-M2M (inzwa, i-router, isango, ikhawunta, imoto, njll.) inobunikazi obuhlukile, kungaba ikheli le-IP, inombolo ye-serial, noma i- M2M SIM card identifier . Lobu bunikazi busetshenziselwa ukububhalisa epulatifomu eliphakathi noma ohlelweni lokuphatha olulawula ukuthi ubani ongenzani.
Okulandelayo kuza ukuxhumana . Amadivayisi axhunywe ngamanethiwekhi anezintambo noma angenantambo: i-Ethernet yezimboni, i-Wi-Fi, i-4G, i-5G, i-LPWAN, i-satellite, njll. Ezimweni ezibucayi noma ezisakazeke kakhulu, amanethiwekhi eselula kanye ne-5G sekuyinto ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi lapho i-fiber optic ingatholakali noma ikhebula lokufaka lingasebenzisi imali eningi.
Uma sezixhunyiwe, amadivayisi aqala ukuthatha idatha . Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukufundwa kwezinzwa (izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, umswakama, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla), izixhumanisi ze-GPS, izimo zomshini, ama-alamu, izilinganiso zenethiwekhi, noma yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo ukuqapha nokwenza okuthile endaweni ezungezile.
Le datha idluliselwa epulatifomu eliphakathi noma ezinhlelweni eziphakathi (amasango, amaseva asemaphethelweni) kusetshenziswa i-IP, i-SMS, i-MQTT, i-HTTP(S), i-VPN, noma ezinye izindlela eziphephile. Ukusuka lapho, ukucubungula nokuhlaziya kuyaqala ukusebenza, ngama-algorithms, imithetho yebhizinisi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nokufunda komshini okukhipha inani kulo lonke lolo lwazi.
Ekugcineni kuza ingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu: ukwenza izinqumo kanye nokwenza isenzo . Ipulatifomu ingathumela imiyalo emuva kumadivayisi ukuze ishintshe amapharamitha, ivule noma ivale imishini, ivule amavalvu, ishintshe ijubane lomugqa wokukhiqiza, noma iqalise izexwayiso zokulungisa. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuqondene nezinhlangothi ezimbili.
I-5G ne-M2M: ukuxhumana okungenamkhawulo, ukubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu
Ukufika kwe -5G kushintshe umdlalo kwezokuxhumana ze-M2M. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-4G noma i-LTE yakudala, i-5G inikeza izinzuzo ezintathu ezibalulekile: ama-bandwidth aphezulu kakhulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu, kanye nekhono lokuxhuma ubuningi obukhulu bamadivayisi ngekhilomitha lesikwele.
Ngokwendlela engokoqobo, sikhuluma ngesivinini sokulanda esingadlula i-3,4 Gbps kanye ne-latency engaphansi kwama-millisecond angu-20 ezimweni ezilungiselelwe, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LTE latency ejwayelekile engaba ngu-100 ms. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokushayela okuzenzakalelayo, ukulawulwa kwamarobhothi, i-telemedicine, noma ama-smart grid, lawo ma-millisecond enza umehluko phakathi kokusebenza okuphephile nesimo esiyingozi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-5G yethula imiqondo efana nokusikwa kwenethiwekhi , okuvumela inethiwekhi yeselula ukuthi ihlukaniswe ibe "izingcezu" ezibonakalayo ezinikezelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuthile. Enye yalezi zingcezu ingagcinelwa ithrafikhi ebalulekile evela ezimotweni ezizimele noma ingqalasizinda, ihlukanise nethrafikhi yokuzijabulisa noma ithrafikhi evela kubasebenzisi ngabanye ukuze kugwenywe ukuminyana.
Konke lokhu kuholela ekuxhumekeni kwe-5G M2M ezindaweni ezingenamkhawulo ezikwazi ukusebenza emigwaqweni emikhulu, emizileni yesitimela, ezindaweni ezikude noma ezakhiweni zezimboni ezibhekene nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okugcina ikhwalithi yesevisi edingekayo ukuze kugwenywe ukumisa ukusebenza.
Imishini ye-M2M yezinga lezimboni: ama-router, amasango, namaswishi
Ukuze la manethiwekhi asebenze ezindaweni ezinzima, adinga imishini yokuxhumana eyenzelwe ngqo izindawo zezimboni . I-router yasekhaya ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza; sikhuluma ngehadiwe eqinile, enezitifiketi ezithile, eyakhelwe ukumelana neminyaka yokusebenza okuqhubekayo amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
Abakhiqizi abakhethekile banikeza amamodemu ezinga lezimboni, ama-router e-Wi-Fi, kanye namasango e-M2M anezimbobo zensimbi eziqinisiwe, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi eziqinisiwe, kanye nemiklamo ebekezelela amazinga okushisa abanzi. Lawa madivayisi enzelwe ukufakwa ezindlini zokulawula ithrafikhi, ezindlini zobuchwepheshe, ezimotweni, kumaphaneli kagesi, noma kumakhabethe omphakathi.
Phakathi kwezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zalezi zixazululo ukuxhumana kwe-5G okunejubane le-multi-gigabit kanye nokubambezeleka okuncane , kanye nezinketho ze -Dual SIM kanye ne-Multi-WAN zokulinganisela umthwalo noma ukuhluleka okuzenzakalelayo. Uma uxhumano olulodwa luhluleka, uhlelo lushintshela kolunye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesevisi.
Ukuqina kudlulela ngale kwehadiwe: imishini ivame ukuhlangabezana nezitifiketi ezidingayo njenge-EN 50155 noma i-ETSI EN 303 645 , ezibalulekile ezitimeleni, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, kanye namaphrojekthi okubonisa izimpawu. Ngokuvamile zisekela ukufakwa kwe-DIN rail noma i-junction box futhi zisebenza ku-direct current, kanye nama-adapter afakiwe lapho kutholakala khona amandla amakhulu avamile kuphela.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-electronic enethiwekhi ezingeni lokushintsha aphathwa yizishintshi zezimboni zezinhlobo ezahlukene: ezingalawulwa (ngokufakwa okulula), izishintshi ezihlakaniphile ezine-VLAN, noma izishintshi ze-Layer 3 ezilawulwayo ezinezici ezithuthukisiwe zokuphindaphinda kuma-topologies endandatho kusetshenziswa i-ERPS. Eziningi zalezi zishintshi zifaka amandla e-PoE amakhamera, izindawo zokufinyelela, noma izinzwa, kanye namachweba e-fiber optic kanye nezixhumanisi ze-uplink eziyi-10 ze-Gigabit zokuxhumanisa ibanga elide.
Isibonelo se-router yesitimela engu-5G: ikesi le-NB3800
Emkhakheni wezitimela, ukuxhumana kwe-M2M okusezingeni eliphezulu kubalulekile kolwazi lwabagibeli, izinhlelo zokuthengisa amathikithi, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo, ukulungiswa okukude, kanye nokumbiwa kwedatha . Isibonelo esihle sobunzima balokhu kufakwa yi- NB3800-2NWac-G rail router , eyenzelwe ngqo ukugoqa impahla.
Le divayisi ihlanganisa amamojula amabili e-multimode 5G angahlanganiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nendawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi 5 (IEEE 802.11ac) ekwazi ukukhonza amakhasimende afinyelela kwayikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwemvelo, inikeza amachweba amabili e-Gigabit Ethernet kanye namachweba amathathu e-Fast Ethernet anezixhumi ze-M12 eziqinisiwe, ezenzelwe ukumelana nokudlidliza kanye nezimo ezidinga amandla ezitimeleni nasezimotweni zezimboni.
I-router ihambisana nezindinganiso zesitimela ezibalulekile njenge-EN 50155 kanye ne-EN 45545-2 , iqinisekisa ukuthi ingakwazi ukumelana nezimfuneko zokushisa, ukudlidliza, amandla, kanye nokumelana nomlilo zale ndawo. Iphinde ifake imojuli ye-Multi-GNSS ehambisana ne-BeiDou, i-Galileo, i-GLONASS, kanye ne-GPS, enozwela oluphezulu kakhulu kanye nokusekelwa kwama-antenna asebenzayo noma angasebenzi.
Ngokusebenza kweselula, i-NB3800 ingaphatha ukulanda okufika ku-5,5 Gbps kanye nesivinini sokulayisha esingu-2,7 Gbps , ngokusekelwa kwe-5G NR enamabhendi amaningi (n1, n3, n7, n8, n20, n28, n38, n40, n77, n78) kanye ne-Category 20 LTE-A Pro. Ifaka izikhala ezine zekhadi le-SIM elincane kanye nezixhumi ze-TNC ezifika kweziyisishiyagalombili zama-antenna eselula kanye ne-GNSS, okuvumela izixazululo ze- 4×4 MIMO ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokumbozwa okuhle kakhulu.
Ezingeni lesofthiwe, i-router isebenza ku -Linux ehlanganisiwe kanye nesethi ephelele yamaphrothokholi . Inikeza ukuphathwa okude nge-SNMP, i-Telnet, i-SSH, noma i-HTTP/HTTPS, ukwesekwa kwama-APN nama-SIM amaningi, indawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi noma izindlela zeklayenti, ukubekwa phambili kwezixhumanisi kanye nokuhlanganiswa, ukulinganisa umthwalo, kanye ne-TCP multi-routing. Ukuze kuvikelwe, ihlanganisa i-firewall enokuhlolwa okuhlelekile, i-NAT, ukuhlunga okuthuthukisiwe, kanye ne-IPsec, i-OpenVPN, i-PPTP, kanye ne-GRE VPNs.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla nakho kubalulekile: idivayisi isebenza phakathi kwama-VDC angu-24 no-48 nge-galvanic isolation, inokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu okungu-25 W, kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe phakathi kokwehluleka (MTBF) samahora angaphezu kuka-150.000 ku-40°C. Ububanzi bayo bokushisa kokusebenza bungu--40°C kuya ku-+70°C, futhi inesilinganiso sokuvikelwa kwe-IP40, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zesitimela eziyingozi kakhulu.
Amakhadi e-SIM e-M2M, ama-multi-operator kanye ne-eUICC: isisekelo sokuhamba
Iningi lamaphrojekthi okuxhumana e-5G M2M athembele kumakhadi e-SIM athile ezimboni, ahluke kakhulu kumakhadi e-SIM akufoni evamile. Aklanyelwe ukusebenza iminyaka ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, ezindaweni ezinzima, futhi ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi lapho ukushintsha ikhadi ngokoqobo kungenzeki khona.
Ngekhadi le-SIM lendabuko, ukushintshanisa izinkampani zenethiwekhi kudinga ukushintsha ikhadi ngesandla kudivayisi ngayinye. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezinkulungwane zamadivayisi, lokhu akunakwenzeka. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe be -eUICC kanye ne-Multi-IMSI buqala khona ukusebenza , okuvumela amaphrofayili amaningi ezinkampani zenethiwekhi ukuthi agcinwe futhi ashintshwe phakathi kwawo kude ngaphandle kokuthinta ihadiwe.
Kumodeli yakudala ye-eUICC, ukushintshana kwama-opharetha ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwamapulatifomu womabili ama-opharetha , okungaba kancane futhi kubize kakhulu. Indlela yohlelo oluncane lwe-Multi-IMSI yenza inqubo ibe lula: ikhadi ligcina ubunikazi obuningi bababhalisile, futhi yinkontileka ehlobene nobunikazi ngabunye kuphela edinga ukumiswa noma ukuqaliswa kabusha, kususwe isidingo sokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwama-opharetha.
Ngokombono wekhasimende, inqubo ilula: ukushintshana kwama-opharetha kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe ekumbozweni, izindleko, imithethonqubo, kanye nezinga lesevisi. Ikhadi le-SIM ngokwalo linquma ukuthi lizosebenzisa nini inethiwekhi ethile, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana ezindaweni lapho umqhubi oyedwa engahlinzeki khona isevisi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kune -4G/5G M2M SIMs enama-operator amaningi eyenzelwe ama-alamu, amadivayisi akude, noma izinhlelo zokuphepha ezingasebenzisa amanethiwekhi eselula ahlukene kuye ngokuthi kutholakala ukumbozwa okungakanani. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekufakweni ezindaweni zasemakhaya, emihubheni, emigwaqweni enabantu abambalwa, noma ezindaweni zomhlaba wonke ezinemingcele lapho inethiwekhi eyinhloko ishintsha khona.
Ukushayela okuzimele, i-5G kanye ne-edge computing: icala elidinga kakhulu
Enye yezindawo lapho amandla okuxhumana kwe-5G M2M ezindaweni ezingenamkhawulo ebonakala khona kakhulu ukushayela ngokuzimela. Okuzwakala sengathi yindaba eqanjiwe yesayensi manje sekuvivinywa emigwaqweni yangempela: izimoto, amaloli, namabhasi enza izinqumo ngama-millisecond ngokusekelwe kudatha yezemvelo.
Ukuze imoto isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuphepha, idinga inani elikhulu ledatha yesikhathi sangempela . Lokhu akunciki nje kuphela ezinzwa zayo (i-LIDAR, amakhamera, i-radar), kodwa futhi nolwazi oluvela kwezinye izimoto, izibani zomgwaqo, izimpawu, imisebenzi yomgwaqo, ngisho nezinzwa ezifakwe emgwaqweni.
Lapha, i-5G iletha izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nokubekwa phambili kwethrafikhi . Ngenxa yokusikwa kwenethiwekhi, inethiwekhi ingagcina izinsiza zokuxhumana ezibalulekile zemoto kuya emotweni (V2V) kanye nemoto kuya engqalasizinda (V2I), okubavimbela ekuncintisaneni nethrafikhi yevidiyo, izinkundla zokuxhumana, noma ezinye izinsizakalo ezingazweli kakhulu ekubambezelekeni.
Ingqalasizinda nayo iya ngokuya iba ngcono: izibani zomgwaqo ezihlonyiswe ngamamojula e-5G zingaxhumana nezimoto ukuze zilungise isivinini futhi zithuthukise ukuhamba kwezimoto; izimpawu zomgwaqo, ama-beacon omsebenzi womgwaqo, noma izinto zomgwaqo ezihlonyiswe ngezinzwa zingathumela idatha mayelana nezimo zomgwaqo (iqhwa, ukuminyana kwezimoto, izingozi). Ngisho nezindawo zomgwaqo ngokwazo zingadlulisela ulwazi ngqo emotweni.
Esinye isithako esiyinhloko ukubala okuseceleni . Ukucubungula yonke idatha yethrafikhi ezindaweni zedatha ezikude kuzokwandisa ukubambezeleka, futhi ezimweni zokuphepha emgwaqweni, lokho akwamukeleki. Ngakho-ke, isiphakamiso ukufaka izikhungo zedatha ezincane ezisatshalaliswa emizileni , ukuze ukucubungula kungenzeki ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-50 ukusuka endaweni lapho idatha ikhiqizwa khona.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwe-5G kanye ne-edge computing kuvumela izinqumo ezisheshayo mayelana nokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ukushintsha kwemizila, noma ukuchezuka. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwangempela kwale ngqalasizinda kuzoncika esilinganisweni lapho abaqhubi behambisa i-5G ezweni lonke kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezikhungweni zedatha ye-edge kanye nezinzwa zaseceleni komgwaqo.
Izindawo zokusetshenziswa zangempela ze-M2M kanye ne-5G
Ubuchwepheshe be-M2M, obusebenza nge-5G, busakazeka cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha. Ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
Embonini yokukhiqiza , izinzwa ezixhunyiwe zivumela ukuqapha komshini, ukulungiswa kokubikezela, ukuphathwa kwempahla, kanye nokulandelela umkhiqizo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Imigqa yokukhiqiza ingalungiswa ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe ekufuneni kanye nesimo somshini.
Kwezokuthutha kanye nezokuthutha , i-M2M isetshenziselwa ukulandelela izimoto, ukwenza ngcono umzila, ukulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ezitsheni, kanye nokulawula ukufinyelela kanye nokuqapha ngevidiyo imithwalo. Ukuhlanganiswa namakhadi e-GPS kanye ne-M2M SIM kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubonakala kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezokuthutha.
Emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo , amadivayisi axhunyiwe avumela ukuqapha iziguli ezikude, ukulandelela izimpawu ezibalulekile, ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezinsiza zesibhedlela, kanye ne-telemedicine. Imishini yezokwelapha iqashwa kude ukuze kutholakale ukungasebenzi kahle ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga.
Emikhakheni yamandla nezinsizakusebenza , i-M2M iyinsika yamagridi ahlakaniphile, ukulinganisa amanzi, igesi, nogesi kude, ukuqapha iziteshi ezincane, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Umgomo uwukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokuthola izinkinga ngokushesha.
Kwezolimo , izinzwa ezixhunyiwe zenhlabathi, isimo sezulu, kanye nokunisela zivumela ukulungisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nomanyolo, ukulawula imishini, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubikezela kwezitshalo. Konke lokhu kunciphisa izindleko futhi kuthuthukisa ukusimama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezokuphepha nokuqapha , izinhlelo ze-M2M zihlanganisa ama-alamu, amakhamera, ukulawula ukufinyelela, ukutholwa komlilo, kanye nokugcinwa kude. Ekwenzeni izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo ekhaya kanye nezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile, zilawula ukukhanya, ukulawula isimo sezulu, ukufinyelela, kanye nezinhlelo zokonga amandla.
Amadivayisi ayisihluthulelo kunethiwekhi ye-M2M
Inethiwekhi ejwayelekile ye-M2M iqukethe izingxenye ezibalulekile eziphindaphindwa njalo, noma ngabe umkhakha noma isimo esithile sokusetshenziswa siyashintsha:
Okokuqala izinzwa , ezibamba idatha evela endaweni ezungezile: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukuba khona, ukudlidliza, ingcindezi, izinga lokugcwalisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, njll. Zingamehlo nezindlebe zesistimu.
Okulandelayo kuza ama-actuator , anesibopho sokwenza izenzo zomzimba ngokusekelwe kuma-oda atholiwe: ukuvula noma ukuvala ama-valve, ukuvula ama-motor, ukulawula ukuqina kokukhanya, izithiyo ezihambayo, ukusebenzisa ama-siren noma ukuvimba ukufinyelela.
Amadivayisi okuxhumana ( amamodemu, ama-router, amasango, amamojula eselula) anesibopho sokuxhumanisa yonke into. Ngokuvamile ahlanganisa i-M2M SIM, i-Wi-Fi, i-Ethernet, noma i-LPWAN futhi ane-firmware eyenzelwe ukuphatha izixhumanisi, ama-VPN, ukuphepha, kanye nokuxhumeka kumapulatifomu efu.
Ezingeni eliphakathi kukhona abalawuli kanye nama-PLC , ahlela i-logic yendawo, enze izinqumo ezisheshayo eduze kwenqubo, futhi axhumane nezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ahlanganiswa namasango ngokwawo.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, amaseva, amapulatifomu amafu, noma izixazululo ze-edge computing zigcina, zicubungule, futhi zihlaziye idatha ngezinga elikhulu, zihlanganiswe nama-ERP, ama-CRM, kanye nezinhlelo zezinkampani, futhi zinikeze abasebenzisi izixhumi ezibonakalayo, amadeshibhodi, nama-API.
Okokugcina, amadivayisi abasebenzisi bokugcina (izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, ama-web consoles, izikrini zokulawula, ama-HMI) avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babuke ulwazi futhi, uma kufaneleka, bangenelele mathupha ohlelweni.
Ukuphepha kwe-M2M: Inselele Eqhubekayo
Ezweni lapho izigidi zamadivayisi zixhunyiwe khona, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-M2M kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu. Akwanele ukuthi uhlelo lusebenze nje; kumele lwenze lokho ngaphandle kokudalula idatha ebucayi noma ukuvumela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
Insika yokuqala ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile nokugunyazwa , ukuze amadivayisi nabasebenzisi abasemthethweni kuphela bakwazi ukuhlanganyela kunethiwekhi. Lokhu kuhilela iziqinisekiso ezivikelekile, izitifiketi zedijithali, uhlu lokulawula ukufinyelela, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezichazwe kahle.
Ukubethela idatha ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula kubaluleke ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi uma ulwazi luhamba ngamanethiwekhi omphakathi eselula noma i-inthanethi. Amaphrothokholi afana ne-TLS, i-IPsec, noma ama-VPN alungiselelwe kahle ayindlela ejwayelekile kumaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukulungiswa nokuvuselelwa kwe-firmware . Amadivayisi kumele abe nezindlela eziphephile zokwamukela ama-patches nezinguqulo ezintsha phakathi nesikhathi sawo sokuphila, avale ubuthakathaka obaziwayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukuvakashelwa ngokomzimba kudivayisi ngayinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ezifana nezivikelo zomlilo, izinhlelo zokuthola ukungena ngaphakathi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-VLAN, kanye nokuqapha okusebenzayo kumele kusetshenziswe ukuthola amaphethini angajwayelekile. Ukuphathwa kokhiye kanye nesitifiketi nakho kudinga izinqubo eziqinile zokuvimbela ukuvuza noma ukuzenza ongeyena.
Okokugcina, ubumfihlo bedatha kanye nokuthobela imithetho (isb., maqondana ne-GDPR noma eminye imithethonqubo yomkhakha) kumele kucatshangelwe kusukela ekwakhiweni kwesisombululo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleke abantu abaziwayo (indawo yemoto, impilo, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo, njll.).
Izinselele ekusetshenzisweni kwezixazululo ze-M2M kanye ne-5G
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe sebuvuthiwe, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezixazululo ze-M2M kuletha uchungechunge lwezinselele okufanele ziqondwe ngokucacile kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze kugwenywe ukumangala.
Enye yezinselelo ezisobala kakhulu ukusebenzisana . Kuhlelo lwe-ecosystem lapho abakhiqizi, amaphrothokholi, kanye namapulatifomu azo zonke izinhlobo behlala ndawonye, ukwenza konke kusebenze ndawonye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kungaba nzima. Izindinganiso ezivulekile, ama-API abhalwe kahle, kanye nemiklamo ye-modular kusiza ekunciphiseni le nkinga.
Ukusabalala kungenye iphuzu elibalulekile: ukuphatha amadivayisi ayishumi nambili akufani nokuphatha amashumi ezinkulungwane. Ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana, isitoreji, amandla okucubungula, kanye namapulatifomu okuphatha kumele kulinganiswe kucatshangelwa ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuphatha inani elikhulu lamadivayisi nakho kuletha izinselele: ukwengeza, ukususa, izinguquko zokucushwa, izibuyekezo ze-firmware, ukuqapha isimo, njll. Ngaphandle kwamathuluzi okuhlanganisa ahlanganisiwe, iphrojekthi ngokushesha iba yinto engalawuleki.
Izindleko zokuthunyelwa nokusebenza (imishini, ukuxhumana, amalayisense esofthiwe, ukulungiswa, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi) zidinga imbuyiselo ephelele ekuhlaziyweni kokutshalwa kwezimali. Ezimweni eziningi, ukonga ekusebenzeni kahle, ukwehla kokuhamba, ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwensizakalo, noma ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe kungaphezu kwalokho okulungile kumzamo.
Okokugcina, imithetho nezindinganiso zendawo kumele zicatshangelwe , ezingathinta yonke into kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamaza omsakazo kuya ekuphathweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu noma izitifiketi ezidingekayo emikhakheni efana nojantshi, ezempilo noma amandla.
Ukuthuthuka okuhlangene kokuxhumana kwe-5G, amapulatifomu e-M2M, ama-SIM amaningi athwala izimpahla, i-edge computing, kanye nemishini yezimboni eqinisekisiwe kudala indawo lapho cishe noma yini ingaxhunywa khona ngokuthembekile, iqashwe, futhi izenzekele, ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Amaphrojekthi ahlanganisa lezi zinto ngempumelelo yiwo azosiza ngempela leli zwe elingenamkhawulo kumadivayisi awo axhunyiwe.
