- Kuyi-ecosystem ephelele yokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ku-Java, Kotlin, kanye ne-Groovy, okususa ubunzima bokucushwa ngesandla.
- Ingqikithi yayo isekelwe ku-Inversion of Control kanye ne-Dependency Injection, okuvumela ikhodi ye-modular futhi elula ukuyigcina.
- Inikeza uhla olubanzi lwamamojula akhethekile okufinyelela idatha, ukuphepha, izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu kusetshenziswa i-MVC ne-WebFlux.
- Ihambisana namathuluzi anjenge-Spring Boot ukusheshisa ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi ngokulungiselela okuzenzakalelayo.
Uma uqala ukuthuthukisa i-backend, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wahlangana negama elithi Spring izikhathi eziningi. Futhi ngesizathu esihle, njengoba lolu hlaka selube yi- izindawo zesimanje zezinkampani. Ngokuyisisekelo, iyithuluzi elivulekile elisusa umthwalo emahlombe omhleli wezinhlelo, elibavumela ukuthi bagxile kulokho okubaluleke ngempela: i-logic yebhizinisi, ngaphandle kokuvinjwa ekucushweni kweseva yobuchwepheshe.
Okwenza iNtwasahlobo ibe ekhethekile kangaka yikhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa, kungaba sefwini noma kumaseva endabuko. Ngokuhlinzeka nge- uhlelo oluphelele kanye nemodeli yokucushwaIvumela amaqembu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ivimbela ikhodi ukuthi ingaxhunywanga ezindaweni ezithile. Empeleni, "umlungisi wepayipi" ohlela wonke amapayipi esistimu ukuze uhlelo luhambe kahle.
Kuyini ngempela futhi kuvelaphi?
Ukuze siqonde iNtwasahlobo, kufanele sibuyele emuva ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Yadalwa nguRod Johnson, owakhipha inguqulo yokuqala kanye nencwadi yakhe mayelana nomklamo we-J2EE ngo-2002. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusebenza ne-Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) kwakuyindaba ebuhlungu ngempela ngenxa yezinkinga zabo. UJohnson waphakamisa indlela elula kakhulu futhi ehambisanayo, eyagcina ivele ohlakeni esilwaziyo namuhla, olwakhishwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Apache 2.0 ngo-2003.
Eminyakeni edlule, le phrojekthi ithuthuke kakhulu, idlula ezigabeni ezibalulekile njengenguqulo 1.0 ngo-2004 futhi yafinyelela ezinguqulweni ezivuthiwe nezinamandla kakhulu. Nakuba abanye abagxeki ekuqaleni bathi ayizange ilandele ngokuqinile zonke izindinganiso ezisemthethweni, iqiniso liwukuthi Bamenza wawina umdlalo, waba yisinqumo esithandwa umphakathi. Java uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli e-Sun Microsystems endabuko.
Inhliziyo yesistimu: Ukuguqulwa Kokulawula (IoC)
Uma kukhona into eyodwa okumele uyiqonde kahle, umqondo we-IoC. Ekuthuthukisweni okuvamile, udala izinto ozidingayo ngesandla. Entwasahlobo, lokhu kuyashintsha: awudali into, kodwa kunalokho... kufayela lokucushwa noma ngezichasiselo. Isitsha sase-Spring sinesibopho sokufaka, ukuqalisa, nokuxhumanisa izingxenye, okubhekiselwa kuzo lapha ngokuthi (Izinto zohlobo lwe-POJO).
Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, i-Spring isebenzisa i-Dependency Injection (DI). Cabanga ukuthi isigaba esisodwa sidinga esinye ukuze sisebenze; esikhundleni sokusifaka ngokushesha, i-Spring "iyasifaka" esivele silungisiwe. Lokhu kulandela okwaziwayo Ungalibizi uhlaka; uhlaka luzokubiza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ikhodi ihlanzekile kakhulu, ukuhlangana phakathi kwamakilasi kuphansi kakhulu, futhi futhi akukhathazi kakhulu.
Amamojula ayisihluthulelo kanye nokusebenza kwawo
Intwasahlobo akuyona umtapo wolwazi owodwa, kodwa i-ecosystem ehlukaniswe ngamamojula ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi. Enhliziyweni yayo sithola kanye nolimi lokubonakaliswa kwe-SpEL. Bese sinengqalasizinda, lapho kuhlala khona i-Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), evumela ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi ehlanganisayo njengokuloba noma ukuphepha kusuka ekugelezeni kohlelo lokusebenza oluyinhloko.
- Isiza ukuxhumana nedathabheyisi ye-RDBMS kanye ne-NoSQL isebenzisa i-JDBC, i-JPA, kanye ne-Hibernate, okunciphisa kakhulu ikhodi ephindaphindwayo.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu kanye nezinsizakalo ze-RESTful ngokusekelwe ku-HTTP kanye nama-servlets. Yilapho i-Spring WebFlux ingena khona kulabo abafuna...
- Hlanganisa ama-API ahlukahlukene ukuze uhlele ngokuphephile imisebenzi yedatha.
- Ngokusebenzisa i-Spring Security, ukuqinisekiswa kanye nokulawulwa kokufinyelela kuphathwa ngokulandela amazinga ochwepheshe.
- Imojula ye-Spring Batch ilungele ukuphatha inani elikhulu ledatha ngemisebenzi yokusetha kabusha kanye nezibalo.
Ukuthuthuka kwe-Spring Boot kanye ne-ecosystem ende
Cishe uke wezwa nge-Spring Boot. Akuyona indawo ye-Spring Framework, kodwa ungqimba oluphezulu olulula yonke into. I-Spring Boot isebenzisa i- Ikhetha ukuncika okuvame kakhulu kanye nokucushwa kwakho ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwephrojekthi. Ngokusebenzisa Ungasetha iseva ye-Apache Tomcat bese ulungiselela ukuphepha ngemizuzwana, ngaphandle kokubhala amafayela e-XML angenamkhawulo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneminye imisebenzi efana ne- ifu lentwasahloboYakhelwe ukuphatha ubunzima bezakhiwo ezincane, futhi i-Spring Cloud Data Flow konke kuyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu wamaphrojekthi esiwabiza ngokuthi "iNtwasahlobo." Lesi sakhiwo sivumela unjiniyela ukuthi akhethe kuphela izingcezu azidingayo, ngenkathi egcina ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza. ngokwezinga lokukhula kwenkampani.
Ngamafuphi, le ndawo yokuthuthukisa iyithuluzi eliphelele lanoma yimuphi umhleli wezinhlelo ofuna ukuthuthuka ngokomsebenzi emhlabeni we-Java, i-Kotlin, noma i-Groovy. Ngokunikeza ukucushwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa kokuthembela kuhlaka, ukuthuthukiswa kushesha kakhulu. kanye nomklamo oqinile okwazi ukusekela izidingo zanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lwebhizinisi lwanamuhla.
