- Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezimiso zokuklama, kusukela ekubekezeleni amaphutha kuya ekukhuleni nasekuphepheni.
- Ukwehlukaniswa okuningiliziwe phakathi kwe-topology engokwenyama nenengqondo, kanye namamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu nasebenzayo.
- Ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwamafu kwanamuhla kanye nokubaluleka kwemidwebo yenethiwekhi yokuphathwa kokusebenza.
Uma sikhuluma ngokusetha inethiwekhi, asibhekiseli nje ekusebenziseni izintambo namadivayisi okuxhumanisa. Empeleni sikhuluma ngokudala uhlaka lwenhlangano oluchaza indlela amadivayisi axhumana ngayo, ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezisetshenziswayo, nokuthi izinsizakalo zakhiwe kanjani ukuze konke kuhambe kahle. Empeleni uhlelo oluvumela ingqalasizinda ye-IT ukuthi iphendule ezidingweni zangempela zokuxhumana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhambisa idatha phakathi kwamakhompyutha amabili ehhovisi noma ukuphatha ukugeleza kwedatha okukhulu efwini, ngemuva kokuqonda kuqala ukuthi ayini amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha.
Ukuklama ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi kuletha inselele enkulu: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyabiza futhi kulula ukuyiphatha . Inethiwekhi encane ihluke kakhulu engqalasizinda yebhizinisi ehlanganisiwe ekwazi ukuphatha izwi, idatha, kanye nevidiyo ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuvimbela uhlelo ukuthi lunganeli ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kubalulekile ukunikela ngesikhathi sokuthuthukisa uhlelo oluguquguqukayo olungeke lube yikhanda elibuhlungu njengoba inkampani ikhula.
Izinsika eziyisisekelo zengqalasizinda eqinile
Ukuze inethiwekhi igweme ukuphahlazeka lapho kuqala inkinga futhi isebenze kahle, kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ukubekezelela amaphutha , okuhilela ukuklama uhlelo ukuze uma i-router yehluleka, kube nezindlela ezihlukile zokufinyelela lapho iya khona ngaphandle kokuthi umsebenzisi aqaphele ukuphazamiseka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinokukhula , okuyikhono lokukhulisa inethiwekhi ukuze isekele amakhasimende amaningi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokwehla okukhulu kokusebenza. Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngomklamo ohlukaniswe ngokwezigaba, ovumela umthwalo womsebenzi ukuthi usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe sicabangele ukuphepha , okuhilela hhayi nje kuphela ukusebenzisa i-firewall kodwa futhi nokuvikela ubuqotho obungokwenyama bemishini kanye nokubethela idatha ukuze kuvinjelwe izigebengu ze-cyber ukuthi zingantshontshi ulwazi oluyimfihlo.
Asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngekhwalithi yesevisi (QoS ). Ezindaweni lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zihlala khona, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ithrafikhi; isibonelo, ukunikeza kuqala ikholi yevidiyo kunokulanda ifayela ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka. Okokugcina, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kuhlanganisa wonke amathuluzi okuqapha nokulawula avumela abaphathi benethiwekhi kanye nezindima zabo ukuhlanganisa izinsiza futhi basabele ngokushesha kunoma yisiphi isigameko.
Amamodeli Okwakha Izakhiwo Nokuklama
Umkhuba wamanje ukwakhiwa kwezendlalelo , okuhilela ngokuyinhloko ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi yokuxhumana ibe yizicucu ezincane nezilawuleka kalula. Lokhu kuvimbela ubunzima ekubeni obungalawuleki futhi kuvumela isigaba ngasinye ukuthi sihlolwe ngokuzimela. Ukuze babone lokhu ngeso lengqondo, onjiniyela basebenzisa imidwebo yenethiwekhi , okuyizithombe ezibonisa izithombe ezijwayelekile zama-router, amaswishi, kanye namaseva.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokumodela lezi zakhiwo:
- Amamodeli e-Topological: Bagxila ekusatshalalisweni kwezindawo, njengoba kunjalo nge- Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, izinhlobo zawo kanye nezibonelo zawo ezivamile njenge-LAN, i-MAN noma i-WAN.
- Ngokusekelwe ku-Data Flow: Bahlaziya indlela amaphakethe ahamba ngayo, befunda ubudlelwano obufana nemodeli ye-P2P (iphuzu kuya kwelinye) noma uhla lwendlela iklayenti elihamba ngayo.
- Amamodeli Asebenzayo: Bagxila ekwenzeni ngcono izinsizakalo ezithile, bebeka phambili izici ezifana nobumfihlo noma ukuphepha ezindaweni zangaphakathi kwe-inthanethi kanye nezangaphandle kwe-inthanethi.
- Amamodeli Ahlanganisiwe: Zihlanganisa okungenhla ukuze zithole okungcono kakhulu kuzo zombili lezi zindawo, zithuthukise kokubili indawo kanye nokugeleza kwedatha.
Umqondo oyinhloko lapha ukwakheka kweklayenti neseva . Kulo modeli, amaseva ahlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza futhi amaklayenti ayacela. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni ukulawula nokuphepha, njengoba kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuvuselelwa nokugcinwa ngaphandle kokuthinta wonke ama-node ohlelweni.
I-Topologiya: Ukuma kwenethiwekhi
I-Topology iwukuhlelwa kwezinto ngokomzimba noma okunengqondo. Kuye ngokuthi sixhumanisa kanjani ama-node, sizoba nokuziphatha okuhluke kakhulu:
I-topology yezinkanyezi ivame kakhulu namuhla; wonke amadivayisi axhumeka kuswishi ephakathi. Uma ikhebula liphuka, yilelo divayisi kuphela elihlulekayo, kodwa uma iswishi ephakathi ihluleka, inethiwekhi yonke iyawa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-topology yebhasi isebenzisa ikhebula elilodwa elivamile. Kulula ukulisetha, kodwa uma ibhasi eliyinhloko linqanyuliwe, inethiwekhi yonke iyayeka ukusebenza.
Okulandelayo, sine- ring topology , lapho isignali ihamba khona isuka esiteshini iye kwesinye nge-cascade. Nakuba ivumela ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi okuphakathi, ukuhlonza amaphutha kungaba yikhanda elibuhlungu ngempela. Kulabo abafuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kukhona i- mesh topology , lapho yonke idivayisi ixhunywe kwenye. Kuyindlela ephindaphindwayo nephephile kakhulu, kodwa futhi ebiza kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuyixhuma.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwemidwebo Enengqondo Neyomzimba
Kuvamile kakhulu ukudideka umklamo nokwakheka, kodwa kunezimo ezihlukile. Umdwebo onengqondo ugxile ekugelezeni kwedatha: ama-subnet, amakheli e-IP, ama-VLAN, kanye nemizila. Yilokhu esikudingayo ukuze siqonde ukuthi ulwazi luhamba kanjani futhi sixazulule izinkinga zokuphepha. Ngokuyinhloko isebenza ku-layer 3 yemodeli ye-OSI.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umdwebo ongokoqobo yimephu yangempela yezintambo, lapho ukufakwa kwezintambo zenethiwekhi okuhlelekile kubalulekile khona. Lapha sichaza indawo yerakhi ngayinye, ukuthi iyiphi i-fiber port esetshenziswayo, amaphaneli e-patch, kanye nendawo eqondile yamaseva. Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile kuchwepheshe okufanele aye esikhungweni sedatha ukuze ashintshe ikhebula noma afake imishini emisha.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwanamuhla kanye Nefu
Namuhla, ukwakheka okuningi kwenethiwekhi sekuthuthele efwini, njengoba kunjalo nge -Azure . Lapha, asisakhulumi ngamakhebula angokoqobo, kodwa sikhuluma ngamanethiwekhi abonakalayo (ama-VNets), i-DNS ephethwe, kanye namasango e-NAT. I-Azure inikeza izinsizakalo ezifana ne- Azure Bastion yokuxhumana okuphephile ngaphandle kwama-IP omphakathi kanye ne-Traffic Manager yokusabalalisa umthwalo emhlabeni jikelele.
Kulezi zimo, kusetshenziswa izinhlaka ezifana ne- Well-Architected Framework , ehlose ukwenza kahle kakhulu ezindleleni nasekusebenzeni. Kusetshenziswa i-topology efana ne -hub kanye ne-spoke model , lapho i-central node iphatha khona ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumeka kwamanye amanethiwekhi abonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuphathwa kanye nokulawula ukufinyelela.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezingxenye Nokwenza Kahle Kakhulu
Ukuze ukwakheka kube ngochwepheshe ngempela, kumele kuhlaziywe ngokutadisha ubudlelwano bangaphakathi : ukuncika, imikhawulo, kanye nokuhwebelana. Isibonelo, ukwandisa ukuphepha ngezingqimba eziningi zokubethela kungathinta kabi ukusebenza (ukubambezeleka), futhi yilapho umakhi kumele anqume khona ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwereferensi kunikeza indinganiso okufanele kwakhiwe kuyo. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuchaza ikheli (IPv4, IPv6, NAT), ukuqondisa (IGP, EGP), kanye nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa amamodeli afana ne-FCAPS. Ekugcineni, umgomo ukudala uhlelo lwe-ecosystem lapho ukusebenza nokutholakala kuqinisekiswa khona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inethiwekhi iyi-LAN elula noma ingqalasizinda yekhompyutha ehlanganisiwe eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukudala ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana ephumelelayo kuncike ekulinganiseni okunembile phakathi kokukhetha i-topology efanele, ukuhlukanisa kahle izendlalelo zayo, kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha nokukhula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufakwa ihadiwe ebonakalayo esikhungweni sedatha noma kulungiselelwa amanethiwekhi abonakalayo efwini, isihluthulelo sisekushintsheni kusuka embonweni womhlaba wonke, wokwakha kuya ekwakhiweni okuningiliziwe okunciphisa ukwehluleka futhi kwenze ngcono ukugeleza kwedatha kubasebenzisi bokugcina.
