- Ukugqwala kukagesi kuvela ngenxa yomswakama, ukungcola kwemvelo, kanye nokungahambisani kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinsimbi.
- Izindlela zokuhlanza zisukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezifutho ze-dielectric kanye nomoya ocindezelwe kuya ezixazululweni ze-ultrasonic kanye nama-paste aqeda ukungcola.
- Ukuvimbela isikhathi eside kudinga inhlanganisela yezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izivalo ze-IP ezifanele, kanye nokugcinwa kokuqapha.
Cishe uke wabhekana nalokhu ngaphambili: idivayisi ebisebenza kahle iqala ukungasebenzi kahle ngezikhathi ezithile noma, okubi nakakhulu, iyeke ukuvula ngokuphelele. Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela akuyona into eshile, kodwa ukugqwala ezixhumini okudale isithiyo esingabonakali esivimbela ugesi ukuthi ugeleze kahle. Kuyinkinga evamile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma zezimboni, lapho insimbi ekugcineni inqotshwa imiphumela yesikhathi.
Ukuze ulungise lokhu kuphazamiseka, ukumane usule ngotshwala bese uthemba ukuthi kuzolunga akwanele. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngamakhemikhali ukuze usebenzise indlela efanele yokuhlanza ngaphandle kokulimaza ibhodi enkambisweni. Kusukela ekusebenziseni imikhiqizo ethile kuya kumasu okunciphisa i-asidi, sizobona ukuthi singazenza kanjani izifunda zakho zibukeke zintsha futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukugqwala ukuthi kungabuyi.
Kungani izixhumi namabhodi wesekethe zigqwala?
Ukugqwala empeleni kuyindlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-electrochemical eyonakalisa insimbi. Isici esiyinhloko ngokuvamile ukungeniswa komswakama noma ukujiya , okusebenza njenge-electrolyte, okusiza ukugqwala kwensimbi. Kodwa akuwona amanzi kuphela; usawoti wolwandle, ama-sulfide ezimboni, kanye nothuli olumunca umswakama kusheshisa inqubo kakhulu, ngisho noma kune-voltage yesekethe ephansi kakhulu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile uchungechunge lwe-galvanic. Uma sihlanganisa izinsimbi ezimbili ezahlukene, enye ebuthakathaka (engahloniphekile) iyabulawa bese igqwala ukuze ivikele enye . Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izixhumi zibe ne-plating enhle, ngokuvamile igolide noma i-nickel, ukuvimbela insimbi eyisisekelo ukuthi ivezwe emoyeni.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokugqwala
- Ukushiswa okuvamile: Yileyo filimu engacacile noma ukushintsha kombala (njenge-patina eluhlaza yethusi) okwandisa ukumelana kukagesi futhi kubangele izimpawu ezingaguquki.
- Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic: Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili. Kuvamile ukubona lokho i-terminal eyodwa iyabhujiswa kuyilapho iphini lapho ingena khona ibukeka ingenaphutha.
- Ukugqwala kokungqubuzana: Kubangelwa ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo okuqeda uqweqwe oluvikelayo. Umphumela uba i-powder emnyama neyi-abrasive okudala umsindo omkhulu kagesi.
- Ukugqwala kwe-pitting: Lokhu ukuhlaselwa okusendaweni nokujulile okuvame ukucasha ngaphansi kwezivalo noma ama-gasket, okudala izikhala ensimbini ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo ezindaweni ezithile.
Izindlela ezinemininingwane zokuhlanza izinto zikagesi
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, umthetho wegolide: nqamula wonke amandla bese ususa noma yimaphi amabhethri noma ama-chips afakwayo. Ukusebenza ngamasekethe abukhoma kudinga inkinga enkulu.
Ukuhlanza izixhumi kanye noxhumana nabo
Ezimweni ezincane, isifutho sokuhlanza esithinta ugesi sifanelekile . Le mikhiqizo incibilikisa amafutha, izinsalela ze-solder, kanye nomswakama ngaphandle kokuhambisa ugesi. Uma ukugqwala kuqine kakhulu, ungayikhuhla kancane usebenzisa ibhulashi elincane le-nylon noma lethusi , ugweme njalo insimbi ukuvimbela ukuklwebheka izinsimbi ezithambile.
Uma izinto zimbi kakhulu, ungenza i-paste nge -baking soda namanzi . Le ngxube ye-alkaline izoqeda ukugqwala kwe-asidi. Yifake nge-cotton swab, uyiyeke ihlale phansi, bese uyigeza bese uyomisa kahle. Ekugcineni, ungqimba oluncane lwamafutha e-dielectric kuma-terminal luzosiza ekuxosheni umswakama wesikhathi esizayo, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungalufaki ngqo endaweni yokuxhumana, njengoba lokhu kungavimba isignali.
Ukuhlanza ibhodi lesifunda (i-PCB)
Amabhodi wesekethe angcola ngenxa yothuli olumuncwa amafeni noma ngenxa ye-wax encibilika ngokushisa. Kuye ngezinga lokungcola, sinezinketho eziningana:
- I-Aire comprimido: Kuhle kakhulu ekususeni uthuli olungaphezulu. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu ngemishini ivaliwe ukuze ugweme izifunda ezimfushane ngengozi.
- Amanzi acwecwe: Njengoba ingenawo ama-ion, kuphephile ukuyihlanza ngaphandle kokushintsha ukusebenza kwayo, uma nje ukomiswa ngokuphelele kuqinisekisiwe ngemva kwalokho.
- Ukuhlanza nge-Ultrasonic: Kuyindlela enamandla kakhulu. Ngokufaka ipuleti kumshini wokuhlanza we-ultrasonic, uketshezi lufinyelela imigodi engenakwenzeka ukuyifinyelela ngesandla, kususwa ngisho nezinsalela eziqine kakhulu.
- I-Propanol: Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izinsalela ze-bicarbonate paste noma i-soldering fluxes.
Amasu okuvimbela ukugqwala
Ukuze kugwenywe ukuphinda le nqubo njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, inkinga idinga ukuxazululwa kusukela esigabeni sokuklama. Ukukhetha izixhumi ezinesitifiketi se-IP (njenge-IP67 noma i-IP69K) kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthuli namanzi akukwazi ukungena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqondisa izixhumi phansi kuvimbela amanzi ekuqongeleleni ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthinta othintana nabo ngeminwe engenalutho, njengoba amafutha esikhumba angabangela i-oxidation. Ukusetshenziswa kwezembozo ze-conformal (uhlobo lwe-lacquer evikelayo) noma ukubumba kwe-thermal coating kudala isithiyo esingokomzimba esingenakungeneka ngokumelene nomswakama. Kunconywa futhi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-thermographic ukuthola izindawo ezishisayo ezibonisa ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala ngaphambi kokuba imishini ihluleke.
Ukugcina izinto zikagesi ziphephile kuhilela ukuzivikela okunezendlalelo okuqala ngokukhetha izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kuqhubeke nokuvala umoya, futhi kuphele ngokulungiswa njalo. Ukusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe, izihlanzi ze-dielectric, kanye nokuvikelwa okufanele ngamafutha akhethekile kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kukagesi okuzinzile , kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi futhi kuvimbele ukulungiswa okubizayo ngenxa ye-oxidation elula.
