Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokulungiselela isango le-LoRaWAN nge-TTN

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokulungiselela isango le-LoRaWAN nge-TTN

Hlanganisa futhi ulungise i- Isango le-LoRaWAN lihlelwe kahle Kuyisici esiyinhloko sanoma yimuphi umsebenzi we-IoT osekelwe kulobu buchwepheshe ukuze usebenze kahle. Ukuxhuma nje imishini nokuwela iminwe yakho akwanele: kufanele unakekele ihadiwe, inethiwekhi ye-IP, i-packet forwarder kanye nokubhaliswa kuseva ye-LoRaWAN njenge Inethiwekhi Yezinto (i-TTN)ngaphezu kokubhalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi abasebenzisi bokugcina.

Kuyo yonke le ncwadi uzobona, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo nangemininingwane eminingi, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ukucushwa okuphelele kwesango le-LoRaWAN Ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba wangempela: amasango ezentengiselwano njenge-RAK7289 noma i-Dragino LPS8, isango le-DIY eline-Raspberry Pi 4B kanye ne-RAK5146 hub, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa ze-LoRaWAN (ama-GPS tracker, ama-probe okushisa nomswakama, njll.) ku-TTN. Umgomo uwukuthi, ngesikhathi uqeda ukufunda, uzoba nokuqonda okucacile kokuthi yini okufanele uyenze, ukuthi uyenze kuphi, nokuthi yini okufanele uyihlole ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle.

Imiqondo eyisisekelo nezinyathelo zokuqala ngaphambi kokusetha isango le-LoRaWAN

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukushintsha amamenyu, kubalulekile ukucaca ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezihilelekile ku- inethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN esebenzayo: isango, iseva ye-LoRaWAN, izinhlelo zokusebenza, namadivayisi okugcina noma qeda amadivayisiIngxenye ngayinye inendima yayo futhi idinga imingcele ephansi yokuxhumana nezinye.

Empeleni, amaphrojekthi amaningi ezemfundo kanye namalabhorethri athembele ku- I-TTN njengeseva yomphakathi yamahhalaI-TTN inikeza ikhonsoli yewebhu lapho ungabhalisa khona amasango, udale izinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi ubhalise amadivayisi ukuze uthumele idatha yawo ngokuphephile usebenzisa okhiye abahlukile (I-DevEUI, i-AppEUI/JoinEUI, i-AppKey).

Elinye iphuzu okudingeka licace kusukela ekuqaleni yileli Imvamisa ye-LoRaWAN iyahambisana nesifunda sakhoEYurophu, uhlelo lwemvamisa lwebhendi engu-868 MHz (EU868) luvame ukusetshenziswa, kanti ezinye izindawo zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlukile (US915, AU915, njll.). Isango kanye ne-TTN kumele kube sehlelweni elifanayo, noma kalula, kuxhumane esiteshini esifanayo.

Ngokuphathelene namadivayisi okugcina, kuvamile ukusebenza nawo Izilandeli ze-Dragonio GPS Ukuze kulandelwe indawo, kanye nama-probe okushisa nomswakama njenge-Browan Tabs TBHH100-868 sensors. Lawa madivayisi avame ukuza neziqinisekiso zawo ze-LoRaWAN ezisethwe efektri, ezilungele ukubhaliswa ne-TTN, kodwa kuyalulekwa ukuwabuyekeza futhi wazi ukuthi uwalungiselele kuphi.

Okokugcina, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isango line- Ukuxhumeka kwe-IP okuzinzile nokuphephilekungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngekhebula le-Ethernet, i-Wi-Fi, noma ngisho namanethiwekhi eselula e-4G/5G. Ngaphandle kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi (noma i-WAN ehambisanayo), isango ngeke likwazi ukudlulisela amaphakethe e-LoRa kuseva.

Ukucushwa kwamasango okuhweba: RAK7289 kanye ne-Dragino LPS8

Amaphrojekthi amaningi ezemfundo asebenzisa amasango ezentengiselwano njenge I-RAK7289 yokusetshenziswa ngaphandle noma i I-Dragono LPS8 yangaphakathiZombili ziza nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphathwa kwewebhu lapho ungalungisa khona kokubili ingxenye yenethiwekhi ye-IP kanye namapharamitha e-LoRaWAN adingekayo ukuxhumana ne-TTN noma amanye amaseva.

Kwezinye izimo, njengezikhungo zemfundo, Ukucushwa kokuqala kwesango le-RAK Ukusetha kungenzeka ukuthi sekuqediwe yisikole uqobo lwaso (isibonelo, isikole samabanga aphezulu), futhi abafundi badinga kuphela ukuvumelanisa izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi (i-static IP noma i-DHCP) nengqalasizinda yendawo. Noma kunjalo, kuyalulekwa ukwazi zonke izinyathelo ukuze ziphindwe uma indawo noma iseva ishintsha.

Ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi ye-IP kumasango e-RAK (isibonelo i-RAK7289)

Isinyathelo sokuqala sangempela sokusebenza nesango ukuqinisekisa ukuthi linayo Ukufinyelela i-IP kunethiwekhi yendawo kanye ne-inthanethiUma kuziwa kuma-RAK gateways, lokhu kulungiselelwe kumenyu yokuphatha, ngaphakathi kwesigaba senethiwekhi ye-WAN.

Kumenyu Inethiwekhi → Isixhumi Esibonakalayo se-WAN singakhetha ukuthi isango lizosebenza yini njenge Iklayenti le-DHCP noma eline-IP engaguqukiUma kushiywe kumodi ye-DHCP, i-router yenethiwekhi izokwabela ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kwenza izinto zibe lula, kodwa kudinga ukutholakala kamuva kwekheli le-IP elinikeziwe kusetshenziswa isithwebuli senethiwekhi (isibonelo, nge nmap, noma yisiphi isithwebuli se-IP noma ukuxhumeka kokuhlola nge i-ping ku-Linux) noma ngokubheka ithebula leseva le-DHCP le-router.

Uma sidinga ukulawula okwengeziwe, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi sinikeze i-IP engaguquki ebhalwe kahleNgale ndlela sizohlala sazi ukuthi yiliphi ikheli okufanele siye kulo ukuze sifinyelele iphaneli yokuphatha futhi kuzoba lula ukusebenzisa imithetho yomlilo noma ukufinyelela okude uma kudingeka.

Ezindaweni ezinamakhompyutha amaningi, njengezifundo noma amalabhorethri, kuyasiza futhi ukwazi I-Ethernet MAC kanye negama lomphathi kusuka esangweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ifakwa ohlwini kuseva ye-DHCP uqobo kanye ne- igama lomkhosi okubonakalayo (isibonelo, “RAK7289”), okuvumela ukuthi itholakale ngokushesha noma ngabe isebenzisa i-DHCP.

Ukufinyelela okuphuthumayo nge-Wi-Fi ephethwe

Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu singenayo indlela yokuthola ikheli le-IP lesango kunethiwekhi enezintambo, amamodeli amaningi e-RAK kanye ne-Dragoni anikeza indawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi ehlanganisiwe yokuphathaLe AP ivame ukuvuleka noma isebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezizenzakalelayo, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume i-laptop noma ithebhulethi ngqo kudivayisi.

Uma uxhuma kuleyo nethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, ikheli le-IP elizenzakalelayo lesango ngokuvamile liyikheli le- ukuphathwa kwesango ngokwaloNgokufinyelela lelo kheli le-IP ngesiphequluli sewebhu, singafinyelela isikhombikubona sokuphatha ngaphandle kokuthembela ku-DHCP, amaswishi, noma ama-router aphakathi, okuwusizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okusha noma uma ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi kulahlekile ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukuqalisa sekuqediwe, kubalulekile Khubaza ukuphathwa kwe-Wi-Fi noma uqinise ukuphepha kwayoUkushiya inethiwekhi evulekile noma engavikelekile kahle exhunywe emshinini obalulekile njengesango kuveza ubungozi obucacile, ikakhulukazi uma isango lingaphandle noma ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula emphakathini.

Ukucushwa kwe-LoRaWAN kanye nokubhaliswa kwe-TTN kwesango le-RAK

Uma inethiwekhi ye-IP isixazululiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuxhumanisa isango neseva ye-LoRaWAN. Kumasango e-RAK, lesi sinyathelo sivame ukutholakala kumenyu. Inethiwekhi ye-LoRa → Izilungiselelo Zenethiwekhi → I-Packet Forwarder, lapho indawo lapho amaphakethe e-LoRa atholiwe azothunyelwa khona ilungiswa khona.

Kuleso sigaba kumele sithole futhi sikopishe Isango le-EUILesi isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele sesango. Leli nani lizosetshenziswa ukubhalisa isango kukhonsoli ye-TTN. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuligcina kudokhumenti (kanye negama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi yedivayisi) ukuze ungadingi ukulibheka njalo.

Ukuze ubhalise isango ku-TTN, finyelela ku- Ikhonsoli ye-TTN ngeziqinisekiso ezifanele. Uma usungaphakathi, isifunda esifanele siyakhethwa bese sifinyelelwa esigabeni esithi “Amasango”. Lapho, ngokuchofoza ku-“Register gateway”, i-EUI ekopishiwe iyafakwa, uhlelo olufanele lwemvamisa luyakhethwa (eYurophu, EU868) bese inqubo yokubhalisa isiqediwe.

Kwezinye izinhlobo kanye ama-firmwares Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imodi ye- isidluliseli sephakethe sefa Kuzilungiselelo ze-TTN, ungaqinisekisa ukuhambisana nesofthiwe yesango. Ungacacisa nohlobo lokumbozwa (ngaphakathi/ngaphandle) kanye nendawo ebonakalayo ukuze isango libonakale kahle kumamephu e-TTN.

Uma konke kwenziwe kahle, isimo sesango kukhonsoli ye-TTN sizoshintsha sibe “Okuxhunyiwe” futhi, kuthebhu ethi TrafficImilayezo enethrafikhi ye-LoRa yesikhathi sangempela izoqala ukuvela uma kunamadivayisi athumela ngaphakathi kwebanga.

I-Dragino LPS8 Gateway Management: Ukufinyelela, i-Wi-Fi ne-IP

El I-Dragono LPS8 Kuyindlela evamile yangaphakathi ye-LoRaWAN yokuhlola nokusetshenziswa okuncane. Isekelwe ku-SX1308 concentrator futhi iza ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zemvamisa yezindawo ezahlukene zezwe, kufaka phakathi ibhendi ye-EU868.

Le mishini ingaphathwa yi- I-SSH ne-HTTPUkuze sifinyelele inethiwekhi nge-SSH noma i-HTTP nge-port ye-RJ-45, sidinga kuqala ukwazi ikheli le-IP elinikezwe yiseva ye-DHCP yenethiwekhi. Futhi, yilapho ukusebenzisa iskena se-IP, ukuhlola ithebula le-DHCP le-router, noma ithuluzi elifanayo kuwusizo khona.

Inketho elula kakhulu yokusetha kokuqala ukusebenzisa Indawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi edalwe yi-LPS8 ngokwayoUma ivuliwe, idivayisi isakaza inethiwekhi ene-SSID yohlobo lwe-“dragino-xxxxx”. Iphasiwedi ezenzakalelayo ivame ukuba “dragino+dragino”. Uma ixhunywe kule nethiwekhi, isango lifinyelelwa ngesiphequluli sewebhu ngokufaka ikheli le-IP 10.130.1.1.

Iziqinisekiso zokuqala esibonakalayo sewebhu zivame ukuba igama lomsebenzisi elithi “admin” kanye nephasiwedi ethi “dragino”Kunconywa kakhulu ukushintsha la makhi ngokushesha nje lapho konke sekuqalile ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi uma uzoshiya i-Wi-Fi AP isebenza noma uma isango lizofinyeleleka kumanethiwekhi angalawulwa.

Izilungiselelo ze-Dragino LPS8 LoRaWAN kanye nesixhumanisi se-TTN

Ngaphakathi kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sokucushwa kwe-LPS8, sithola imenyu ethile yezingxenye ze-LoRa ne-LoRaWAN. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-[option/feature] ikhethiwe. uhlelo olufanele lwemvamisa yesifunda sethuIsibonelo, i-868 MHz yaseYurophu.

Kuthebhu I-LoRaWAN Iseva okuzothunyelwa kuyo amaphakethe icacisiwe. Kumenyu eyehlayo ethi "umhlinzeki wesevisi", i-TTN ingakhethwa, futhi ku-"ikheli leseva," kukhethwa iseva ye-European TTN ehlotshaniswa nebhendi ye-EU868. Amachweba e-UDP uplink kanye ne-downlink ngokuvamile asethelwe ku-1700 ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuyinto efanele ezimweni eziningi.

Leso sikrini esifanayo sibonisa I-ID yesangoLeli kuzoba inani esilisebenzisa kukhonsoli ye-TTN lapho sibhalisa isango. Ukulibhalisa kulandela ukugeleza okufana kakhulu ne-RAK: ungena kukhonsoli, uya ku-“Gateways”, ukhethe “register gateway”, ufake i-ID, hlola (uma kusebenza) ukusetshenziswa kwe-legacy packet forwarder bese ukhetha uhlelo oluhambisanayo lwaseYurophu.

Uma sifuna ukusebenzisa Iseva ye-LoRaWAN ezinikele, njenge-ChirpStackEsikhundleni se-TTN, lokhu kungaba yilapho ufaka khona ikheli lakho, amachweba, kanye nemingcele yokuqinisekisa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinjongo zemfundo kanye namaphrojekthi amaningi omuntu siqu, i-TTN ivame ukwanele.

Ilungiselela i-LAN, i-WAN, ne-Wi-Fi WAN ku-Dragino

Kuthebhu yenethiwekhi ye-LPS8, sithola amathebhu amancane amaningana asivumela ukuthi silungise ngokunembile indlela isango elixhuma ngayo kunethiwekhi yendawo kanye ne-inthanethi. Esigabeni esiku- I-LAN Inethiwekhi yangaphakathi esetshenziswa yi-Wi-Fi AP yesango ilungiselelwe; iwuhlobo "lwenethiwekhi yokuphatha" yendawo.

Into evamile ukungayithinti ukucushwa kwe-LAN okuzenzakalelayo Noma, uma ishintshiwe, qaphela ngokucophelela lolo lwazi, ngoba kungaba yindlela kuphela yokungena uma ingxenye ye-WAN ingalungiselelwanga kahle. I-LPS8 LAN isebenza njengenethiwekhi yokutakula ukuze ithole ukufinyelela kokuphatha.

Esigabeni I-WAN Ikheli le-IP elizosetshenziswa yi-RJ-45 port lapho isango lixhunywe ngekhebula liyachazwa. Ungakhetha i-DHCP noma unikeze ikheli le-IP elingaguquki. Ezindaweni ezizinzile, ukunikeza ikheli le-IP elingaguquki kuyindlela yobungcweti kakhulu. Ikheli le-IP eliqinile ku-interface ye-WAN ukugwema izinguquko ezingalindelekile endleleni.

Ekugcineni, ingxenye emayelana I-WAN ye-Wi-Fi Lokhu kuvumela isango ukuthi lixhumeke njengeklayenti kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ekhona. Lapha uchaza ukuthi ikheli le-IP laleyo interface lizohlala lingashintshi noma lizotholakala nge-DHCP, bese ufaka i-SSID, uhlobo lokubethela, kanye namapharamitha ephasiwedi.

Ithebhu ye-Wi-Fi ikhombisa futhi ilungiselele I-AP ekhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-DragoniNgokombono wokuphepha, kuyalulekwa ukushintsha igama lenethiwekhi nephasiwedi, noma ngisho nokukhubaza indawo yokufinyelela uma ingeke isetshenziswe, ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yokuhlasela.

Ukwakha isango le-DIY LoRaWAN nge-Raspberry Pi 4 kanye ne-RAK5146

Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokuhweba, kuvamile kakhulu ukusetha Isango le-LoRaWAN elenziwe ekhaya eline-Raspberry Pi kanye nehabhu le-RAKLe ndlela ilungele ukufunda ngokujulile ukuthi zonke izingxenye zixhumana kanjani kanye nokuba nethimba eliguquguqukayo nelithuthukiswayo.

Kulolu hlobo lwephrojekthi, Okusajingijolo Pi 4B njengobuchopho besistimu kanye ne-mPCIe concentrator efana ne- I-RAK5146 ifakwe ku-adaptha yohlobo lwe-Pi HAT RAK2287. Kulesi sisekelo, kufakwe isithombe sesistimu esikhethekile, njenge-RAKPiOS, esivele sihlanganisa izinsiza ezithile ukuphatha ingxenye ye-LoRaWAN.

Ihadiwe edingekayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungokoqobo

Ukuze wakhe isango le-LoRaWAN lalolu hlobo, udinga, okungenani, elilodwa I-Raspberry Pi 4B enomthombo wayo wamandlaIkhadi le-microSD okungenani elingu-16 GB, i-Pi HAT RAK2287, i-mPCIe hub RAK5146, kanye nama-antenna e-LoRa ahambisanayo kanye ne-GPS. Isethi enhle yezikulufo kanye nama-standoffs nakho kuyasiza ekuqiniseni yonke into.

Inqubo iqala ngokwethula I-RAK5146 kusikhala se-mPCIe se-HAT RAK2287, ngokuvamile nge-engeli engama-degrees angaba ngu-45, kuze kube yilapho ingena kahle esixhumini. Bese ucindezela ikhadi phansi kancane bese ulifaka ngesikulufu usebenzisa izikulufu ezimbili ezihambisana nezimbobo ezisesigqokweni.

Uma ihabhu selifakwe ku-HAT, I-Pi HAT kumaphini e-Raspberry Pi GPIO Iboshwe ngezikulufo ezine noma ama-spacer ukuvimbela ukunyakaza. Lokhu kudala ibhlogo eliqinile elivimbela ukucindezeleka ezixhumini futhi lenze kube lula ukufakwa emabhokisini noma kuma-bracket.

Ekugcineni, baxhumanisa I-antenna ye-LoRa kanye ne-antenna ye-GPS kuzixhumi ezihambisanayo kusuka ku-concentrator. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalokothi uvule imishini ngaphandle kokuthi ama-antenna axhunyiwe, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza isigaba se-RF se-concentrator.

Ukufaka i-RAKPiOS ekhadini le-SD

Uma izingxenye zomzimba seziqediwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulungiselela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Raspberry Pi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landa inguqulo yakamuva ye-RAK endaweni yokugcina esemthethweni. I-RAKPiOS, eyenzelwe ngqo amasango e-LoRaWAN anehadiwe ye-RAK.

Isithombe se-RAKPiOS sibhalelwe ikhadi le-microSD kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elikhanyayo njenge Umkhomo i-Etcher noma okufanayoInqubo evamile ihilela ukukhetha isithombe esilandiwe, ukukhetha ikhadi lendawo oya kuyo, nokuqalisa i-"Flash," ukulinda ukuthi siqede kanye nedatha ukuthi iqinisekiswe.

Uma inqubo yokukhanyisa isiphelile, ikhadi liyasuswa kumfundi bese lifakwa ku- I-slot ye-Raspberry Pi microSDUkusuka lapho, mane uxhume ugesi (kanye nekhebula lenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet uma uthanda) ukuze i-Pi iqale ukusebenza ku-RAKPiOS.

Ukuqala kokuqala, ukufinyelela kwe-SSH kanye nokushintsha iphasiwedi

Ekuqaliseni kokuqala, i-RAKPiOS ivame ukudala i- Indawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi ene-SSID yohlobo lwe-RAK_XXXXlapho i-XXXX ihambisana nezinombolo zokugcina zekheli le-MAC le-Raspberry Pi. Iphasiwedi yokuqala yendawo yokufinyelela ivame ukuba "i-rakwireless". Ngokuxhuma kule nethiwekhi, singafinyelela idivayisi ngaphandle kwentambo.

Ikheli le-IP elizenzakalelayo le-Raspberry Pi kuleyo modi livame ukuba 192.168.230.1Ngalelo kheli le-IP singavula uxhumano lwe-SSH (isibonelo, nge-PuTTY ku-Windows noma kusukela ku-terminal ku-Linux/macOS) sisebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezizenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile eziba igama lomsebenzisi elithi “rak” kanye nephasiwedi ethi “changeme”.

Lapho nje singena okokuqala, uhlelo luyasibuza Shintsha iphasiwedi yakho ngezizathu zokuphephaLesi yisinyathelo okungafanele sidlulwe: vele ufake iphasiwedi yakho yamanje bese ufaka iphasiwedi yakho entsha kabili.

Ukusetha uxhumano lwe-inthanethi nge-rakpios-cli

Uma sekuqinisekisiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulungiselela ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi. I-RAKPiOS ifaka phakathi uhlelo lokucushwa olubizwa ngokuthi rappios-cli okuhlanganisa iningi lezinketho nezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi.

Ukuthayipha rakpios-cli Imenyu esekelwe kumbhalo izovela ku-terminal, engasetshenziswa ngekhibhodi. Nakuba ekuqaleni ingase ibonise isixwayiso noma iphutha elincane, ungaqhubeka ucindezela u-"Kulungile" uze ufinyelele izinketho eziyinhloko. Ukusuka lapho, ungafinyelela... “Amanethiwekhi Aphethwe” bese ukhetha isikhombikubona se-wlan0 ukulungisa i-Wi-Fi.

Imodi yokusebenza ichazwe ngaphakathi kokucushwa kwe-wlan0, ngokuvamile Imodi ye-STA (iklayenti le-Wi-Fi)Okulandelayo, amanethiwekhi atholakalayo ayaskenwa noma i-SSID ifakwa ngesandla, iphasiwedi ye-Wi-Fi iyalungiselelwa, futhi uxhumano luvuliwe. Uma izinguquko sezisetshenzisiwe, i-Raspberry Pi izonqamuka okwesikhashana endaweni yokufinyelela futhi ithole ikheli le-IP kusuka ku-router yenethiwekhi.

Ukuze uqhubeke nokufinyelela imishini, manje usebenzisa ikheli elisha le-IP elinikezwe yi-router ku-Raspberry Pi. Ngaleyo ndlela asisanciki ku-RAK AP futhi isango liziphatha njengenye idivayisi kunethiwekhi yendawo.

Ukusebenzisa i-Packet Forwarder nokuthola i-EUI yesango

Njengoba ukufinyelela i-inthanethi sekuvuliwe futhi kusebenza, sekuyisikhathi sokuvula isevisi ye-LoRaWAN uqobo. Futhi, kusukela rappios-cli Kulokhu, ungena esigabeni esithi “Izinsizakalo Zokusebenzisa” bese ukhetha “I-Packet Forwarder”.

Imenyu ye-Packet Forwarder inikeza ukufinyelela kunketho "Lungiselela Iziguquguquko Zendawo", lapho idatha efana nesifunda (isb., i-EU_868), isikhombimsebenzisi (i-SPI, okuyisona esisetshenziswa yi-RAK5146 concentrator), imodeli ye-concentrator kanye, uma kusebenza, kuboniswa amanye amapharamitha athile ebhendi.

Ngemva kokulondoloza izinguquko, buyela kumenyu yangaphambilini bese ukhetha "Qala Isevisi" Ukuqala i-Packet Forwarder. Ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo luzobonisa i-EUI yesango, okuyisibonakaliso esiyingqayizivele esizosidinga kukhonsoli ye-TTN ukuze sibhalise isango.

Kufanelekile ukukopisha lokhu i-EUI bese uyigcina kudokhumenti ethile yokucushwaOkulandelayo, inqubo yokubhalisa ku-TTN iyafana neyesango lezentengiselwano: kusukela ku-console, esigabeni se-Gateways, chofoza ku-rejista, faka i-EUI, khetha isifunda (EU868) bese uqedela ukubhalisa.

Ukubhaliswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi okugcina ku-TTN

Uma isango livela njengokuthi “Kuxhunyiwe” ku-TTN, isinyathelo esilandelayo sokubuka idatha ewusizo yile bhalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi okugcinaIsango ngokwalo aligcini ulwazi oluwusizo; lidlulisela ithrafikhi kuphela. Yizinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisa idatha evela kuzinzwa noma kuma-tracker.

Ku-TTN, usuka ku-console, ufinyelela isigaba se- "Izinhlelo zokusebenza" Kudalwa uhlelo lokusebenza olusha, lunikezwe i-ID kanye nencazelo uma lufunwa. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luzosebenza njengesitsha sawo wonke amadivayisi okugcina (izinzwa) ahlobene nephrojekthi efanayo.

Uma uhlelo lokusebenza seludaliwe, inkinobho isetshenziswa “Bhalisa idivayisi yokugcina” noma “Bhalisa idivayisi yokugcina” Ukuze ubhalise inzwa ngayinye, i-TTN ikuvumela ukuthi ubhalise amadivayisi ngokufaka amapharamitha ngesandla noma, kwezinye izimo, usebenzisa amathempulethi omkhiqizi.

Ukuze ufake ngesandla, amanani anjengokuthi I-DevEUI kanye ne-AppKey ngezinkinobho zokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, kuyilapho Joyina i-EUI (okulingana ne-AppEUI) Kungaba inani elichazwe ngumsebenzisi (uma nje lihambisana nalokho esikuhlelayo kudivayisi).

Uma ifomu seligcwalisiwe futhi ukubhaliswa sekuqinisekisiwe, i-TTN izobonisa amapharamitha adingekayo okulungiselela idivayisi yokugcina kuthebhu ethi "Ulwazi Lokusebenza": i-DevEUI, i-JoinEUI/AppEUI, kanye ne-AppKey. Lena idatha okumele ifakwe ku-node ye-LoRaWAN (inzwa, i-tracker, njll.) kusetshenziswa ithuluzi layo lokulungiselela noma isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo.

Isibonelo ngama-Tabs TBHH100-868 sensors kanye nama-Dragino trackers

Izinzwa zokushisa nomswakama Amathebhu TBHH100-868 Amadivayisi e-Browan ayisibonelo esivamile sedivayisi elula ye-LoRaWAN. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuthumela izinga lokushisa ngezikhathi ezithile, umswakama ohlobene, futhi, kwezinye izimo, isimo sebhethri.

Lezi zinhlobo zezinzwa zivame ukuza nezinkinobho ze-LoRaWAN esezivele zihleliwe: I-AppKey, i-AppEUI kanye ne-DevEUIUmhlinzeki uvame ukunikeza ishidi ledatha noma ilebula enala manani. Nge-TTN, udinga kuphela ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza bese ufaka iziqinisekiso ezibhalwe kulelo shidi lenzwa ngayinye.

I-logic yokudlulisa idatha yalezi zinzwa ivame ukusekelwe emikhawulweni: Bathumela ulwazi ngezikhathi ezithile noma uma kukhona izinguquko ezibalulekile. (Isibonelo, njalo ngemizuzu engama-60 uma kungekho zinguquko, noma ngokushesha uma izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngo-±2 °C noma umswakama ngo-±5%). Kubalulekile ukwazi le mininingwane ukuze uhumushe kahle imvamisa yomlayezo ku-TTN.

Endabeni Abalandeleli be-DragoniKumadivayisi asetshenziswa njenge-GPS trackers, ukubhaliswa ku-TTN kuyafana: amadivayisi adalwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-TTN ngezihluthulelo zawo ezihlukile futhi, uma kufiswa, amapharamitha okulandelela athuthukile (isikhawu sokuthumela, ubude be-alamu yokwethuka, njll.) alungiswa kusetshenziswa imiyalo ye-AT nge-serial port.

Ukuze ulungiselele lawa ma-tracker nge-USB, xhuma ikhebula ku-PC, vula i-serial terminal (115200 baud) bese uthumela i- Imiyalo ye-AT njengoba kuboniswe encwadini yemiyaleloImininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi imiyalo kumele inamathiselwe yonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, hhayi ukuthayipha uhlamvu ngohlamvu, ukuze idivayisi iyichaze kahle.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamadivayisi angaphandle: Isibonelo seyunithi yeLoko Air

Esinye isimo esivamile ukuhlanganiswa kwamadivayisi athile, njenge- Iyunithi yokulawula umoya noma yokulawula imvelo yohlobo lomoya iLoko, elungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ithuluzi layo ledeskithophu (isibonelo, i-Loko Configuration Tool).

Kulesi simo, ukugeleza okujwayelekile yilokhu: idivayisi yokugcina idalwe ku-TTN, amanani e-DevEUI, JoinEUI, kanye ne-AppKey ​​ayakhiqizwa (noma athathwe), bese kuba Lezi zinhlaka ezintathu zifakwa ethuluzini lokucushwa lomenzi., okuvumela inketho ye-LoRaWAN kudivayisi.

Uma ukucushwa sekuthunyelwe, idivayisi iqala kabusha bese iqala ukuzama ukujoyina inethiwekhi ye-TTN isebenzisa i-OTAA (Over The Air Activation). Uma isango lithola ukuzama ukuxhuma futhi inethiwekhi iyakwamukela, ikhonsoli ye-TTN izoqala ukubonisa okulandelayo: imiyalezo yesikhathi sangempela ekubukeni kwedivayisi "Idatha ebukhoma", kanye nendawo emephini uma idivayisi ithumela izixhumanisi ze-GPS.

Amafomethi omthwalo wemithwalo kanye nama-decoder edatha

Ukuze idatha ethunyelwe yizinzwa ifundeke kalula, i-TTN ivumela ukuchaza abafometha imithwalo yokukhokhaKwezinye izimo, ifomethi ejwayelekile, njenge-CayenneLPP, ingasetshenziswa, ehumusha ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlobo ezithile zedatha.

Uma idivayisi isebenzisa ifomethi eyimfihlo, unjiniyela angakha i-decoder eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ku-JavaScript ethola ama-byte aluhlaza, iwaguqulele ku-hexadecimal futhi isebenzisa imisebenzi ethile ukuhumusha uhlobo ngalunye lwedatha (umswakama, izinga lokushisa, i-barometer, i-GPS, i-accelerometer, i-gyroscope, i-magnetometer, i-voltage yebhethri, njll.).

Iphethini evamile ihilela ukuhlaziya "ifulegi" noma isihlonzi sesiteshi ekuqaleni kohlaka futhi, kuye ngokuthi lingakanani, ukusebenzisa ifomula efanele kuma-byte alandelayo ukuze ziguqule zibe amanani angokwenyamaEkugcineni, iskripthi sibuyisela into ye-JSON eneziguquguquko ezihunyushiwe (isibonelo, temperature, humidity, battery, latitude, longitude...), okuzoboniswa yi-TTN njengezinkambu ezingafundeka.

Lolu lwazi "oluvele lugaywe" yilona olungasetshenziswa kabusha ekuhlanganisweni namapulatifomu angaphandle njenge Amadeshibhodi e-Node-RED, i-MQTT, uhlobo lwe-Datacake, izizindalwazi ze-MySQL, noma izinsizakalo zamafu njengeThingSpeak, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlela kabusha umthwalo ngamunye ohlelweni ngalunye.

Ukuboniswa kwedatha kanye nokuxhashazwa kwayo: kusukela ku-TTN kuya ku-Node-RED, i-Datacake kanye nokunye

Uma amadivayisi esethumele idatha futhi i-TTN iyithola ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ingxenye ejabulisayo iqala: ukubona ngeso lengqondo kanye nokuxhashazwa kolwaziI-TTN isivele inikeza ikhonsoli eyisisekelo yokubuka ithrafikhi nedatha kusuka kudivayisi ngayinye, kodwa okujwayelekile ukuhlanganisa idatha namanye amapulatifomu.

Inketho esetshenziswa kabanzi Ikhekhe ledathaLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udale amadeshibhodi omphakathi noma angasese ukuze ubonise kalula amanani afana nokushisa, umswakama, indawo ye-GPS, noma isimo sebhethri. I-TTN ilungiselela ukuhlanganiswa okuhambisanayo ukuze idatha eqoshwe phansi ithunyelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Datacake.

Ezindaweni ezithuthuke kakhulu noma uma ufuna ukwenza i-logic yebhizinisi ibe ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuvamile kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa I-Node-RED kanye ne-MQTTI-TTN ishicilela idatha yohlelo lokusebenza ngomthengisi we-MQTT, bese i-Node-RED iyisebenzisa ukuze iyicubungule, iyigcine kudathabheyisi efana ne-MySQL, iqalise izexwayiso, isebenze kwamanye amadivayisi, noma iyithumele ezinhlelweni zangaphandle.

Lolu hlobo lokuhlanganiswa luvumela ukwakha izixazululo eziphelele ze-IoT kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu: ama-node e-LoRaWAN anamandla aphansi, amasango axhunywe yi-TTN, kanye ne-backend eguquguqukayo esekelwe ku-Node-RED, izizindalwazi, namadeshibhodi.

Kukhona ngisho nezifundo ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge: kusukela ekucushweni kwesango kanye nokubhaliswa kwe-TTN, nge-MQTT kanye ne-Node-RED, kuya ekugcineni nasekuhlaziyweni kumapulatifomu afana ne-MySQL noma i-ThingSpeak. Lezi zifundo zinikeza izifundo zevidiyo kanye nokusekelwa kokuphendula imibuzo ethile yokusetshenziswa.

Uma kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​​​lonke lolu hlelo lokusebenza—isango elilungiselelwe, i-TTN njengeseva ye-LoRaWAN, izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi abhalisiwe kahle, ama-decoder okulayisha imithwalo, namathuluzi okuhlanganisa—kuvumela amaphrojekthi e-LoRaWAN ukuthi asuke ekuhlolweni okulula kwelebhu aye ekusetshenzisweni okugcwele. izixazululo zangempela eziqinile nezikwazi ukwandiswa, ifanele ukuqapha izimpahla, izindawo, ingqalasizinda noma izinqubo zezimboni iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuningi.

Uma kubhekwa emhlabeni jikelele, ukuhlelwa kwesango le-LoRaWAN kanye nesimiso salo sezinto eziphilayo kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kuncike ezinsikeni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile: ukuqinisekisa Ukuxhumeka kwe-IP okuqinileUkukhetha uhlelo olufanele lwemvamisa, ukuxhumanisa isango neseva ye-LoRaWAN efana ne-TTN, ukubhalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi ngeziqinisekiso zawo, nokusebenzisa amafomethi, ukuhlanganiswa, namadeshibhodi ukuguqula idatha eluhlaza ibe ulwazi oluwusizo nolusebenzayo.