Umyalo we-CMD: Amathiphu Namasu Okuthola Okuningi Ku-Windows Terminal

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Umyalo we-cmd, owaziwa nangokuthi i-command prompt noma i-Windows console, iyithuluzi elinamandla elivame ukunganakwa abasebenzisi abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza kahle lesi sikhombimsebenzisi somugqa womyalo kungaguqula indlela osebenzisana ngayo nesistimu yakho yokusebenza, kukuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenza kahle nangokunemba okukhulu.

Umyalo we-CMD: Amathiphu Namasu Okuthola Okuningi Ku-Windows Terminal

Umsuka nokuvela kokwaziswa komyalo

Umyalo we-cmd unezimpande zawo ezinsukwini zokuqala zekhompyutha yomuntu siqu. Ivele kumyalo womyalo we-MS-DOS futhi ibiyingxenye ebalulekile yeWindows kusukela yasungulwa. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, iye yagcina ukuhambisana kwayo, ivumelana nezidingo ezishintshayo zabasebenzisi nabaphathi besistimu.

Ezinguqulweni zayo zakuqala, i-cmd bekuwukuphela kwendlela yokuxhumana nekhompyutha. Ngokufika kwezindawo zokuqhafaza, abaningi bacabange ukuthi kuzolahlekelwa ukubaluleka. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye namandla kuyigcine njengethuluzi elibalulekile lemisebenzi ethuthukisiwe nokuxazulula izinkinga.

Izinzuzo zomyalo we-cmd ngaphezu kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sesithombe

Nakuba i-graphical user interface (GUI) inembile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, umyalo we-cmd unikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezimweni ezithile:

1. Isivinini sokubulawa: Imiyalo ikhipha ngokushesha kunezenzo ezifanayo ku-GUI.
2. Ukuzenzakalela: Ikuvumela ukuthi udale imibhalo ukuze wenze imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
3. Ukulawula okunembile: Inikeza izinketho namapharamitha angatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi kusixhumi esibonakalayo sesithombe.
4. Izinsiza ezincane: Isebenza noma ngabe isixhumi esibonakalayo sesithombe sihluleka noma singatholakali.
5. Ukufinyelela okukude: Isiza ukuphatha okukude kwezinhlelo ngoxhumano lwenethiwekhi.

Lezi zinzuzo zenza umyalo we-cmd ubaluleke kakhulu kubaphathi besistimu, abathuthukisi, kanye nabasebenzisi abathuthukile abafuna ukulawula okuyimbudumbudu ngaphezulu kwamakhompyutha abo e-Windows.

Ukucushwa kwasekuqaleni kokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa komyalo we-cmd

Ukuthola okuningi kumyalo we-cmd, kubalulekile ukuwumisa kahle. Ukucushwa okuthuthukisiwe akuthuthukisi ulwazi lomsebenzisi kuphela, kodwa futhi kukhulisa ukukhiqiza.

Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka nokuzwakala kwekhonsoli yakho

Ukwenza i-cmd ngendlela oyifisayo kungayenza ijabulise futhi isebenze kahle ukuyisebenzisa. Ezinye izilungiselelo ezinconyiwe zifaka:

• Shintsha uhlobo lwefonti nosayizi: Ukuthuthukisa ukufundeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi namaseshini amade.
• lungisa imibala: Uhlelo olufanele lombala lunganciphisa ubunzima bamehlo.
• Shintsha iwindi nosayizi webhafa: Ukubona ulwazi olwengeziwe ngaphandle kokuthi uhambe.
• Nika amandla imodi yokuhlela ngokushesha: Kwenza kube lula ukukopisha nokunamathisela umbhalo kukhonsoli.

Ukuze ufinyelele lezi zinketho, chofoza kwesokudla kubha yesihloko yewindi le-cmd bese ukhetha "Properties."

Izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza

Ukwenza izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ngobuchule kungakhuphula kakhulu isivinini nokusebenza kahle kwakho uma usebenzisa umyalo we-cmd. Ezinye eziwusizo kakhulu yilezi:

• Ctrl + C: Iphazamisa umyalo wamanje.
• Ctrl + V o Shift + Insert: Namathisela umbhalo ebhodini lokunamathisela.
• F7: Ibonisa umlando womyalo efasiteleni elikhethekayo.
• Tab: Ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalela kwamagama wefayela namagama ohla lwemibhalo.
• Flecha arriba/abajo: Phequlula umlando womyalo.

Ukuzijwayeza lezi zinqamuleli kuzokusiza ukuthi uhambe eduze kwekhonsoli enobumanzi bengcweti.

Imiyalo eyisisekelo okufanele wonke umsebenzisi ayazi

Ukuzijwayeza imiyalo eyisisekelo ye-cmd kubalulekile ukuze usebenzise amandla ayo. Le miyalo iyisisekelo lapho imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yakhelwe khona.

Ukuphequlula nokuphatha amafayela emugqeni womyalo

Ukuphathwa kwefayela ngendlela efanele kanye nohla lwemibhalo kuyikhono elibalulekile. Eminye imiyalo ebalulekile ihlanganisa:

• dir: Ifaka kuhlu okuqukethwe kohla lwemibhalo lwamanje.
• cd: Shintsha uhla lwemibhalo lwamanje.
• mkdir: Dala uhla lwemibhalo olusha.
• copy: Kopisha amafayela kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.
• move: Hambisa noma uqambe kabusha amafayela nezinkomba.
• del: Susa amafayela (sebenzisa ngokuqapha).

Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa:

Ukuthola ulwazi lwesistimu nokuxilongwa

I-cmd inikeza amathuluzi anamandla okuthola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nesistimu yakho:

• systeminfo: Ibonisa incazelo enemininingwane yokucushwa kwesistimu.
• tasklist: Faka kuhlu zonke izinqubo ezisebenzayo.
• ipconfig: Ibonisa izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi.
• sfc /scannow: Iskena futhi ilungise amafayela esistimu awonakele.

Le miyalo ibalulekile ekuxilongeni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga.

Amaqhinga athuthukile okwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo nge-cmd

Amandla eqiniso womyalo we-cmd abonakala lapho esetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-automation ayigcini nje ngokusindisa isikhathi, kodwa futhi inciphisa amaphutha abantu.

Ukudala nokusebenzisa imibhalo yeqoqo (.bat)

Amafayela eqoqo (.bat) ayimibhalo equkethe uchungechunge lwemiyalo esetshenziswa ngokulandelana. Ziwusizo kakhulu ekwenzeni imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi noma ephindaphindwayo.

Isibonelo sombhalo olula wokwenza isipele amafayela:

Ukuze usebenzise lesi script, silondoloze ngesandiso esithi .bat bese usichofoza kabili.

Ukuhlela imisebenzi ephindaphindayo ngama-schtask

Umyalo schtasks ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo kwemibhalo noma izinhlelo ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kuwusizo emisebenzini yokulungisa noma izinqubo ezidinga ukusebenza njalo.

Isibonelo sokuhlela ukwenziwa kwansuku zonke kwesikripthi sokuhlanza:

Lo myalo udala umsebenzi ohleliwe obizwa ngokuthi “DailyCleanup” ozosebenzisa iskripthi esithi “cleanup.bat” nsuku zonke ngo-22:00 PM.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile usebenzisa umyalo we-cmd

Umyalo we-cmd uyithuluzi eliyigugu lokuxilonga nokuxazulula izinkinga ku-Windows. Ukusuka emaphutheni ediski kuya ezindabeni zokuxhuma, umugqa womyalo unikeza izixazululo ezisheshayo nezisebenzayo.

Lungisa amaphutha edisk nesistimu yefayela

I-Windows ihlanganisa izinsiza ezinamandla ezifinyeleleka nge-cmd ukugcina ubuqotho besistimu yefayela:

• chkdsk: Hlola futhi ulungise amaphutha kusigcinalwazi.
• sfc /scannow: Iskena futhi ilungise amafayela esistimu awonakele.

Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa:

Lo myalo uskena i-C: drive, ulungise amaphutha (/f), futhi ubuyisele ulwazi olufundekayo emikhakheni emibi (/r).

Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi nokuxhumana

Ukuxilonga izinkinga zenethiwekhi, i-cmd inikeza amathuluzi amaningana awusizo:

• ipconfig /all: Ibonisa imininingwane yokucushwa kwenethiwekhi.
• ping: Qinisekisa ukuxhumeka kumsingathi wesilawuli kude.
• tracert: Ibonisa umzila amaphakethe awuthatha lapho aya khona.
• netstat: Ibonisa ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okusebenzayo.

Lawa mathuluzi abalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga zokuxhuma.

Ukuhlanganisa umyalo we-cmd namanye amathuluzi e-Windows

Umyalo we-cmd awusebenzi wodwa; Amandla ayo eqiniso afika lapho ehlanganiswe namanye amathuluzi e-Windows nezici.

Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-PowerShell ne-cmd yemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi

Nakuba i-PowerShell inamandla kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi, kunezimo lapho ukuhlanganisa i-cmd ne-PowerShell kungaba yinzuzo. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-cmd ukwenza imisebenzi elula futhi ushintshele ku-PowerShell ukuze uthole imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi:

Lo myalo oyingxubevange ubonisa umlayezo ovela ku-cmd bese usebenzisa i-PowerShell ukuze kuhlu izinqubo ezisebenzisa ngaphezu kuka-10% CPU.

Ukunweba ukusebenza kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ezinkampani zangaphandle

Kunamathuluzi amaningi ezinkampani zangaphandle angahlanganiswa ne-cmd ukuze inwebe amandla ayo. Ngokwesibonelo, curl ngokudluliswa kwedatha, ffmpeg ukucutshungulwa komsindo nevidiyo, noma git yokulawula inguqulo.

Ukuze uhlanganise lawa mathuluzi, qiniseka ukuthi akusistimu yakho PATH noma cacisa indlela egcwele lapho uwasebenzisa.

Ukuphepha nezimvume endaweni yomyalo we-cmd

Ukuphepha kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho usebenza nomyalo we-cmd njengoba unikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile emisebenzini yesistimu ebalulekile.

Ukugijima imiyalo enamalungelo aphakeme

Eminye imiyalo idinga izimvume zomlawuli ukuze isebenze. Ukuphakamisa amalungelo:

1. Qalisa i-cmd njengomlawuli ngokuchofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha "Run as administrator".
2. Sebenzisa umyalo runas ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile ezinamalungelo aphakeme.

Isibonelo:

Lo myalo uyasebenza whoami /groups ngamalungelo omlawuli, okubonisa amaqembu okuvikela omsebenzisi wamanje.

Ukuvikelwa ezinsongweni nasekusetshenzisweni okunonya

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubungozi bezokuphepha lapho usebenzisa i-cmd:

• Gwema ukusebenzisa imibhalo noma imiyalo evela emithonjeni engathenjiwe.
• Sebenzisa isici se-Windows AppLocker ukukhawulela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenza.
• Gcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza nesofthiwe ye-antivirus isesikhathini samanje.

Khumbula ukuthi ngamandla amakhulu kuza umthwalo omkhulu; sebenzisa umyalo we-cmd ngokuqapha.

Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kweWindows nge-cmd

Umyalo we-cmd unikeza amathuluzi anamandla okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwakho lwe-Windows, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezingatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo segraphic.

Ukuhlanza nokugcina uhlelo lokusebenza

Ukwakheka kwamafayela esikhashana nodoti kungase kubambezele isistimu yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-cmd inikeza imiyalo ewusizo yokuhlanza:

• cleanmgr: Ithuluzi lokuhlanza idiski elisusa amafayela angadingekile.
• defrag: Nciphisa i-hard drive yakho ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza.

Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa:

Lo myalo usebenzisa ukuhlanzwa kwediski ngezilungiselelo ezichazwe ngaphambilini, ngokuzenzakalelayo isusa amafayela angadingekile.

Izilungiselelo zokulungisa kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini

Ungasebenzisa umyalo we-cmd ukwenza izinguquko ezithuthukisa isivinini sohlelo:

• Khubaza izinsiza ezingadingekile:
  sc config "NombreDelServicio" start= disabled
• Lungisa ukusebenza okubonakalayo:
  systempropertiesperformance

  Lo myalo uvula ngokuqondile iwindi lezilungiselelo zokusebenza okubukwayo.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezinye zalezi zilungiselelo zingase zidinge amalungelo omlawuli ukuze asebenze.

Ikusasa lomyalo we-cmd nezinye izinto ezivelayo

Nakuba umyalo we-cmd ubulokhu ungashintshile ku-Windows amashumi eminyaka, isimo samathuluzi omugqa womyalo sishintsha ngokushesha.

I-Windows Terminal kanye nokuvela komugqa womyalo

I-Microsoft yethule i-Windows Terminal, uhlelo lokusebenza lwesimanje oluhlanganisa amagobolondo ahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-cmd, i-PowerShell, ne-WSL (i-Windows Subsystem ye-Linux). Izipesheli:

• Amathebhu namaphaneli okuphatha izikhathi eziningi.
• Itimu ethuthukisiwe nokwenza ngokwezifiso ifonti.
• Usekelo lwe-GPU lokunikezwa kombhalo okusheshayo.

Ukufaka i-Windows Terminal, ungasebenzisa Isitolo se-Microsoft noma uqalise:

 

Ukuhlanganisa ne-Linux subsystems ku-Windows

Ukwethulwa kwe-Windows Subsystem ye-Linux (WSL) kukhulise kakhulu amandla omugqa womyalo ku-Windows. I-WSL ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise indawo ye-Linux ngqo ku-Windows, inikeze ukufinyelela kumathuluzi e-Unix nezinsiza.

Ukuze unike amandla i-WSL, ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo efasiteleni le-PowerShell elinamalungelo omlawuli:

Uma isifakiwe, ungashintsha phakathi kwe-cmd ne-bash (noma amanye amagobolondo e-Linux) njengoba kudingeka, uthole okungcono kakhulu kuyo yomibili imihlaba.