Izindaba zezinhlelo zokusebenza: ukubuka konke okuphelele nokusesikhathini

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Izindaba zezinhlelo zokusebenza: ukubuka konke okuphelele nokusesikhathini

I-Los Izinhlelo zokusebenza sezibe yinto ebalulekile cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo Ngobuchwepheshe: kusukela ekusebenzeni kukhompyutha kuya ekubukeni uchungechunge ku-TV, ukudlala ku-console, noma ukuhlola isimo sezulu kuselula. Zitholakala kuma-PC, omakhalekhukhwini, ama-console, amaseva, izimoto, ama-router, amathelevishini, ngisho nama-thermostat ahlakaniphile. Ama-Windows, ukusatshalaliswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-Linux, kanye nezinhlelo ze-Apple's Darwin (macOS, iOS, tvOS…) yizona ezidumile kakhulu, kodwa ngemuva kwedivayisi ngayinye kunesofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa ihadiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze konke kusebenze kalula.

Eminyakeni yamuva, i- Izindaba zesistimu yokusebenza zishintshile ekugxileni ezibuyekezweni ezilula zobuhle Baxoxa izindaba zokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber emhlabeni wonke, ukucima kwamakhompyutha, izingxabano ngokuthembela kubahlinzeki abathile, ukwakheka okusha kweprosesa, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obuhlanganiswe kuma-desktop, izingxabano ngekhwalithi yesofthiwe, izinguquko ohlelweni lweselula, ngisho nokuvela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-quantum. Konke lokhu ngenkathi umsebenzisi ojwayelekile efuna nje ukuthi i-PC yakhe iqale ngokushesha, ifoni yakhe ephathekayo iyeke ukuthola izingcingo zogaxekile, kanye nemidlalo yakhe isebenze kahle.

Iyini isistimu yokusebenza futhi kungani ibalulekile namuhla?

Uhlelo lokusebenza luyi- Isofthiwe ebalulekile ephatha inkumbulo, iprosesa, isitoreji, kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayoIhlinzeka ngesisekelo lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenza khona. Ngaphandle kwayo, ihadiwe empeleni ingaba yiqoqo lezingxenye ezingasebenzi. Lesi sigaba esiphakathi sinquma ukuthi izinsiza zabiwa kanjani phakathi kwezinhlelo, ukuthi idatha igcinwa kanjani kudiski, nokuthi amadivayisi axhuma kanjani kwi-inthanethi.

Empilweni yethu yansuku zonke siphila nayo imindeni emithathu emikhulu emkhakheni womsebenzisi ojwayelekileI-Windows, ebusa ideskithophu yendabuko; ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux, kanye ne-ecosystem yabo evulekile; kanye nezinhlelo ze-Apple ezizimele, ezisekelwe ku-Darwin Kernel, enika amandla i-macOS, i-iOS, kanye ne-tvOS, phakathi kwezinye. Ngayinye inefilosofi yayo yokuklama, imodeli yebhizinisi, kanye nomphakathi ozungezile.

Ngaphandle kwe-PC, Ikhompyutha yesimanje incike kunethiwekhi enkulu yamaseva eziphatha ama-backup ethu e-cloud, i-imeyili, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, kanye nokusakaza amavidiyo. Iningi lale mishini lisebenza ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okuqondiswe kusevaLokhu kwenze iLinux yaba yindinganiso yangempela emhlabeni we-backend, yize isabelo sayo kudeskithophu yasekhaya sisalokhu sincane.

Ingxenye enkulu yamadivayisi abathengi esiwabiza ngokuthi “amagajethi” nawo asekelwe kuwo Ama-kernel e-Linux afanelana nesimo ngasinye: ama-TV ahlakaniphile, ama-router, amadivayisi e-IoT, amawashi, amabhokisi e-set-top kanye, vele, iningi lama-smartphone e-Android. AndroidEqinisweni, ingabhekwa njengokusatshalaliswa kweLinux okusabalele kakhulu emhlabeni, yize abasebenzisi abaningi bengazi ngakho.

Emkhakheni wokuzijabulisa, ama-consoles amaningi anamuhla ayacasha izinguqulo eziguquliwe zezinhlelo ezaziwayo kakadeAma-console e-Xbox amanje athembele esisekelweni esithathwe ku-Windows 10; i-PlayStation 4 isebenzisa i-Orbis OS, uhlelo olwakhiwe nge-FreeBSD 9; kanti i-Nintendo Switch isebenzisa uhlelo oluyimfihlo, oluzuzwe kulolo olusetshenziswa ku-Nintendo 3DS, olwakhiwe ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokusekelwe ngqo ohlelweni lokusebenza lwedeskithophu oludumile.

I-Linux: kusukela eqenjini elincane ledeskithophu kuya ensika ethule ye-inthanethi

Nakuba ezingeni lasekhaya I-Linux inendawo engabonakali kudeskithophuUkubaluleka kwayo kwangempela kuqondwa kangcono ngokubheka olunye uhlangothi: izikhungo zedatha, ama-supercomputer, amafu omphakathi nawangasese, amapulatifomu okusakaza, kanye nezinsizakalo zasebhange. Iningi lalezi zinhlelo ezibalulekile zisebenza ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okulungiselelwe futhi okuqiniswe amaseva, adinga okuhle. Ukuphathwa kwesistimu ye-Linux.

Lokhu kubusa kungenxa yezizathu eziningana: Ukuba yisofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile kwenza kube lula ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezithile.Umphakathi nezinkampani ezinkulu bayasebenzisana ukuthuthukisa i-kernel; futhi ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kuyinto eza kuqala, kubalulekile lapho ukwehluleka kungabiza izigidi zama-euro. Lokhu kwenze i-Linux yaba yindinganiso engabhalwanga emhlabeni weseva.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomsebenzisi, kukhona nomkhuba okhulayo wokukhetha i-Linux njengenye indlela. Ngisho nabadlali embonini yemidlalo yama-PC basekela kakhulu le ndlela yokusebenzaIsibonelo esifanele yileso somnikazi wesitolo sedijithali i-GOG, uMichał Kiciński, oveze inhloso yakhe yokusekela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kweLinux, egxeka iWindows ngokuba, ngokombono wakhe, "isofthiwe esezingeni eliphansi".

Lesi simo sibonisa imizwa yengxenye yomphakathi wezemidlalo nobuchwepheshe ekholelwa ukuthi Ukuthembela ku-Windows kukhulu kakhulu.ikakhulukazi lapho amaphutha ohlelweni lwe-Microsoft ebangela izinkinga zokusebenza, ukwehluleka ngemva kokubuyekezwa, noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu obuphoqa umncintiswano ngokumelene nesikhathi.

Okwamanje, ideskithophu ye-Linux izama ukwenza yenza kube lula ulwazi lwabasebenzisi abasafufusa. khona izinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala ngokusekelwe kukhodi yomthombo ovulekile enikeza izindawo ezibonisa izithombe ezithuthukisiwe, abafaki abalula namathuluzi okuphatha isofthiwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthinta i-terminal, ngenhloso yokwehlisa isithiyo sokungena kulabo abavela ku-Windows noma ku-macOS.

Amafasitela: phakathi kokubusa kanye nokwesaba okukhulu komhlaba wonke

Amafasitela ahlala inkosi engaphikiswa yedeskithophu yendabuko kanye nenkundla ebalulekile yamabhizinisi nezinhlangano zomphakathiLokhu kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukwehluleka okukhulu kule ndawo kunomthelela omubi kuyo yonke imikhakha. Isibonelo sakamuva kakhulu kwaba ukucinywa kwamakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke okuhlobene nezinhlelo zeWindows okwathinta izindiza, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, amabhange kanye nezibhedlela emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Kulesi sigameko, IMicrosoft ikhombe ku- isibuyekezo esinephutha kusuka kumhlinzeki wezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, i-CrowdStrikeInkinga iqale ngenguqulo eyinkinga yesinye sezingxenye zayo ze-Windows, eyavimba ukuqaliswa kwesistimu ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okwenza izinkulungwane zemishini zingasebenzi. Nakuba iphutha lingalungiswa ngobuchwepheshe "ngemizuzu embalwa," empeleni liye ladinga ukungenelela emshinini ngamunye, ngokuvamile ngesandla.

Imiphumela ibonakale kakhulu: ukubambezeleka kwezindiza kanye nokukhanselwa kwezindiza ezinkulungwaneni ezingamashumiUkuphazamiseka kwezokuthutha zomphakathi, izinsizakalo zebhange ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nezinhlelo ezibalulekile njengalezo ezisezibhedlela ezithile ezisebenza ngomthamo ophansi konke kuthintekile. Ngokuphathelene nomthelela, lokhu kucinywa kwekhompyutha manje sekuphakathi kokwehluleka okukhulu kakhulu kwekhompyutha okukhunjulwayo muva nje.

Le nkinga ivuse impikiswano mayelana umthwalo wemfanelo wezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nabalingani bazoAmazwi afana nalawo ommeli ochwepheshe uPaloma Llaneza agxeke amalungelo kanye nomuzwa wokungavikeleki, ngokusho kwakhe, izinkampani ezibangela ukwehluleka kwamakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke, njengoba izikhathi eziningi imiphumela engokoqobo kubo imbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nomonakalo odalwe kubasebenzisi kanye nezinkampani ezithintekile.

Lesi siqephu siphinde saveza obala ukuthi ukuncika emhlabeni wonke kubahlinzeki besofthiwe kanye nezinsizakalo ezimbalwaIzindatshana zomhleli kanye nemibono ziveze ukuthi ukuphathisa izinhlelo eziningi ezibucayi—kusukela ezikhumulweni zezindiza kuya kwezempilo—ezinkampanini ezimbalwa nje kwandisa ubuthakathaka bengqalasizinda yedijithali. Iphutha elilodwa lokubuyekeza lingakhubaza ingxenye yeplanethi amahora amaningi.

Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe beWindows ekusebenzeni, ihadiwe kanye nokuphepha

Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, iMicrosoft ibilokhu ilungisa izinto isikhathi esithile. Amafasitela ukuze athole okuningi ngehadiwe yesimanjeIsibonelo esisodwa kwaba isibuyekezo se-Windows 10 19H1, esafunda ukuqonda kangcono ukwakheka kwezakhiwo yi-CCX Amaprosesa e-AMD Ryzen athuthukiswa ngokusabalalisa umthwalo womsebenzi ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke ama-cores. Umphumela: ukulibaziseka okuncishisiwe kakhulu kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha izingxenye.

Esikhathini se-Windows 11, abasebenzisi bebelokhu behlangana Izibani nezithunzi kuzibuyekezoEkuqaleni kuka-2026, isibuyekezo esakhishwa ngoJanuwari 23 sabangela ukwehluleka okungalindelekile kokuqalisa kanye nokuphahlazeka kwamanye amakhompyutha, okwaphoqa iMicrosoft ukuthi ikhiphe ngokushesha ama-patches ezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha amakhulu kakhulu.

Kube nezimo lapho isibuyekezo esibonakala sincane sibe khona umthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kwemidlalo kanye nokuxhumanaIsibuyekezo se-Windows 11 "Moment 2" sibangele ukwehla kokuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi nezinkinga zokusebenza kwamanye ama-SSD, ikakhulukazi okuthinta abadlali be-PC. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukulinda izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufaka noma yiliphi iphakheji yokuvuselela enkulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iMicrosoft izama ukunciphisa ukwanda kwentengo ye-RAM nge ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zesistimuLe nkampani imemezele izinguquko ku-Windows 11 ezihlose ukukhulula imemori yezinhlelo zokusebenza nemidlalo yevidiyo, ilungisa indlela uhlelo oluphatha ngayo izinqubo zangemuva kanye nezinqolobane zangaphakathi.

Endabeni yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ubuthakathaka obuphezulu buvame kakhulu. Icala le- I-PrintNightmare, ukwehluleka okukhulu okuhlobene nensizakalo yokunyathelisa Ku-Windows 10 no-7, lokhu kusengozini kwaphoqa ukukhishwa kwama-patches aphuthumayo kanye nezibuyekezo ezalandela ukuze kuvalwe ngokuphelele ama-exploits. Lezi zimo zigcizelela isidingo sokugcina izinhlelo zisesikhathini futhi zisebenzise izilungiso ngokushesha nje lapho zitholakala. Ukuze uthole izincomo ezisebenzayo zendlela yokuvikela izindawo nokusebenzisa ama-patches, xhumana neziqondisi ezikhethekile ku-[insimu/isigaba esifanele]. ukuphepha kwesistimu yokusebenza.

I-Windows 10, i-Windows 11 kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila kwesistimu

Njengoba iminyaka idlula, ukuphatha umjikelezo wokuphila kwenguqulo ngayinye ye-Windows kuba yisihluthulelo samabhizinisi kanye nabasebenzisi basekhaya. I-Windows 10 ingena esigabeni sayo sokugcina esisemthethweniLokhu ekuqaleni kwakusho ukuthi umphakathi jikelele ngeke usathola izibuyekezo zokuphepha futhi wawuzobaphoqa ukuthi bathenge imishini emisha noma bathuthukisele ku-Windows 11.

Kodwa-ke, izingcindezi zomthetho nezemakethe zisho ukuthi I-Microsoft ilungisa kancaneESpain, nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, inkampani inqume ukwandisa ukwesekwa kokuphepha kwe-Windows 10 unyaka owodwa, futhi mahhala kulabo ababhalisela uhlelo lwe-Extended Security Update. Lokhu kunikeza ama-PC amaningi asasebenza kahle isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokufuduka.

Okwamanje, labo abafuna ukuthuthukela ku-Windows 11 kufanele bahlole ukuthi ihadiwe yabo iyahambisana yini. Esinye sezimfuneko eziphikisana kakhulu ukuba khona kwe-TPM (Trusted Platform Module)Lena yi-chip yokuphepha noma umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe osetshenziswa yi-Windows 11 ukuqinisa ukubethela nokuvikela i-boot. Amakhompyutha amaningi akhiqizwe ngaphambi kuka-2016 awahlangabezani nale mfuneko noma ayikhutshaziwe ku-BIOS/UEFI.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi i-PC iyayisekela yini i-Windows 11, i-Microsoft inikeza amathuluzi afaka phakathi Bahlaziya ukuhambisana futhi bachaze ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezihlulekayo.Kwezinye izimo, ukuvula i-TPM kuzilungiselelo ze-firmware kwanele; kwezinye, ngeke kube khona okunye ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-Windows 10 uma nje kusekhona ukwesekwa noma ukuthenga ikhompyutha entsha.

Kubadlali begeyimu, iMicrosoft inikeze ngisho nolwazi oluningiliziwe. "I-PC efanelekile yokudlala imidlalo" kufanele ibe njani? Kuwo wonke u-2025, kuzokhishwa uhlu olusemthethweni lwamaprosesa anconyiwe (ama-CPU) namakhadi ehluzo (ama-GPU) asekelwe ezinqumweni eziqondiwe. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa neziphakamiso zamamonitha nezinye izingxenye, okuqinisa umqondo wokuthi uhlelo lwe-Windows luhlose ukuhlala luyisilinganiso sokudlala imidlalo esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Imidlalo yeWindows nevidiyo: izindlela ezikhethekile, i-AI eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, namaqhinga okusebenza

Ukugxila kwemidlalo yeWindows kuye kwanda ngezici ezahlukahlukene ezenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ulwazi. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “isipiliyoni se-Xbox esigcwele isikrini” ku-Windows 11Njengoba yethulwe eceleni kwamadivayisi afana ne-ROG Ally futhi manje isitholakala kuma-PC amaningi, inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esifana ne-console esidla ne-RAM encane, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi abanjengo-MSI. Umqondo uwukunikela ngezinsiza ezengeziwe kumdlalo futhi zincane kungqimba yesistimu.

Emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa, iMicrosoft ithathe igxathu eliya phambili "imodi ye-AI egcwele" ehlanganiswe ku-Windows 11Lolu hlelo lungabona okwenzekayo esikrinini, lulalele imiyalo yomsebenzisi, futhi lusize ngenkathi sidlala noma sisebenza, sithembele ku-Copilot, i-AI yenkampani. Lokhu kuvula umnyango kubasizi abaphakamisa izenzo, balungise izilungiselelo, noma benze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezikripthi ezenziwe ngesandla.

Kulabo abafuna ukukhipha ozimele abambalwa ngomzuzwana, iMicrosoft ikhiphe Izincomo ezisemthethweni zokukhubaza okwesikhashana izici ezithile zokuphepha kanye nokwenza izinto zibe yi-virtualization Ngesikhathi idlala, lezi zinketho zingathinta kabi ukusebenza kwezinye izinhlelo. Umqondo uwukuthi abasebenzisi bangavumela lezi zinketho isikhathi esisele futhi bazikhubaze ngesikhathi semidlalo ukuze banciphise umthelela ku-FPS.

Ngaphandle kohlelo ngokwalo, uhlelo lokudlala imidlalo ye-PC luyaqhubeka nokukhula. Izihloko ezifana nalezi Ingxenye 1 ethi The Last of Us ifikile ku-PC inezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziningiliziwekuhlu izilungiselelo ezincane kakhulu, ezinconywayo, kanye "ne-ultra", kanye nobuchwepheshe bezithombe abazisebenzisayo. Lokhu kuphoqa abadlali abaningi ukuthi bahlole isimo sesistimu yabo yokusebenza, abashayeli, kanye nehadiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlalo uzosebenza njengoba kulindelekile.

Ngokuphathelene nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, imakethe inikeza abalawuli abathuthukile njenge-SCUF Instinct ProYakhelwe i-PC, i-Xbox Series X/S, kanye ne-Xbox One, lesi silawuli sinikeza izici ezengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesilawuli esijwayelekile: izinkinobho zangemuva ezilungisekayo, ukubamba okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso eziqondiswe kubadlali abancintisanayo. I-Windows iyazuza kulolu hlobo lwedivayisi ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo okubanzi.

Amathuluzi namaqhinga asebenzayo ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-11

Ngaphandle kwezici ezintsha ezinkulu, umsebenzisi ojwayelekile ubhekana nemisebenzi ebonakala ilula nsuku zonke, kodwa lena iyisisekelo ekusebenzeni. Khulula isikhala sediski, susa amafayela esikhashana, bese ukhipha izinhlelo ongasazisebenzisi. Lezi yizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokugcina ikhompyutha yakho isebenza kahle. I-Windows inikeza ama-wizard okuhlanza, kodwa kusengumqondo omuhle ukubukeza njalo ukuthi iyiphi isofthiwe oyifakile nokuthi ingakanani isikhala esisebenzisayo.

Lokhu kuwusizo kulabo abagcina imidlalo eminingi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukwazi ukuthi ungazisusa kanjani izinhlelo nemidlalo ku-Windows 10 kanye namapulatifomu afana ne-SteamUkwenza kanjalo kusukela kuzinketho zesistimu yokuqala noma iklayenti lomdlalo ngokwalo kunciphisa amathuba okushiya izinsalela ezingenamsebenzi kudiski, okungathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zinciphise ijubane lekhompyutha.

Uhlelo luphinde luhlanganise izici ezenzelwe ukuphumula nokukhiqiza, njengokuthi Ibha Yemidlalo yeWindows 10Le bha yamathuluzi ikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule amavidiyo, uthathe izithombe-skrini, uqaphe ukusebenza, futhi uhlanganise nezinsizakalo ezifana ne-Spotify namawijethi omphakathi. Ingalandwa futhi ibuyekezwe kusuka ku-Microsoft Store futhi iyasebenza ngezinqamuleli zekhibhodi ezilula.

Emidlalweni emidala, abasebenzisi abaningi babhekana nenkinga yokuthi Izihloko ezithile zakudala zincike ezingxenyeni ezindala njenge-DirectPlayI-Windows 10 ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise lesi sici ngokusebenzisa "Izici ze-Windows", ezingabuyisela imidlalo yevidiyo eneminyaka embalwa ubudala futhi ebingeke isebenze kahle.

Kuma-skrini, kokubili emidlalweni nakudeskithophu, uhlelo lunikeza izinketho eziningana: ukhiye we-Print Screen wakudala, i-Snipping Tool, noma inhlanganisela ethile ngaphakathi kwe-Game BarUkwabelana ngezithombe-skrini zemidlalo, ideskithophu, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza sekuvamile kangangokuthi iMicrosoft yenze inqubo yaba lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

ukushintshela kwe-macOS, i-iOS, ne-Apple ezicini ezixhunyiwe

Isimiso semvelo se-Apple sakhiwe phezu I-Darwin Kernel, esebenza njengesisekelo sezinhlelo ezifana ne-macOS, i-iOS, ne-tvOSphakathi kwabanye. Nakuba ziyizinkundla ezizimele, zabelana ngengxenye yokwakheka kwazo kanye nefilosofi yazo, okusiza ukuhlanganiswa okusondelene kakhulu phakathi kwamadivayisi: i-iPhone ixhumana cishe ngokusobala ne-Mac noma i-Apple TV.

Izibuyekezo zakamuva ze-macOS kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezingodadewabo zifaka phakathi Izici ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwekholi yevidiyo kanye nokuthwebula okuqukethweIsibonelo, uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ufiphaze ingemuva ku-FaceTime ukuze isithombe sakho sibonakale, futhi lunikeza nethuba lokuskena umbhalo ngekhamera ye-iPhone bese uwuhlanganisa ngqo kumadokhumenti e-Mac.

Njengakwezinye izinkundla, i-Apple igxile kakhulu ku- uxhumano lwe-inthanethi oluhlala njalo lwemisebenzi efana isitoreji samafuImibiko yamaphutha noma ezinye izinsizakalo ezincike ngokuphelele ekubeni ku-inthanethiLo mkhuba uhambisana nesizukulwane sesishiyagalombili sama-consoles kanye neningi lamadivayisi esimanje, lapho imisebenzi eminingi ingasasebenzi khona ngaphandle kokuxhumana.

Lokhu kugcizelela ukuxhumana kunezinkinga zako: Sincika kakhulu ekuzinzeni kwamanethiwekhi nezinsizakaloUma uxhumano luhluleka, izici ezithile azitholakali noma zonakala, okuphoqa ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikwazi ukusingatha lezi ziphazamiso ngomusa, zigcine idatha noma zinikeze ezinye izindlela ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi uma kungenzeka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Apple iyaqhubeka nokubamba ngokuqinile ukwakheka kwezithonjana, izixhumi zokuxhumana, kanye namaphethini okuxhumanaAbadali bezinto ezidumile njengethini likadoti noma amafolda bachaze ukuthi bacabanga ngalezi zithonjana njengezimpawu zomgwaqo kunokuba yimifanekiso, okusiza izizukulwane zabasebenzisi ukuthi zibone ngokushesha imisebenzi ebalulekile yesistimu.

Ucingo lweselula: I-Android, i-iOS kanye nokulawulwa kokuxhumana

Emkhakheni weselula, abadlali ababili abaphambili yilaba I-Android ne-iOS, ngayinye inemodeli yayo yokusabalalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nemodeli yebhizinisiZombili izinhlelo sezifinyelele izinga eliphezulu lokuvuthwa, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokwethula amathuluzi okuthuthukisa ubumfihlo, ukuphepha, kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhathi sesikrini.

Enye yezinhlangothi ezibonakala kakhulu yilezo ze- Izingcingo nemiyalezo engafunekiKuye ngesistimu yokusebenza, kunezinsiza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikezelwe ekuhlungeni ukuxhumana okungakhethi: uhlu olumnyama, ukuhlonza ogaxekile okuzenzakalelayo, izithiyo zezinombolo ezisolisayo, kanye nezindlela zokuhlushwa ezithulisa izaziso ngezikhathi ezithile.

I-Android, ikakhulukazi, inayo Amaqhinga nezilungiselelo ezikuvumela ukuthi uthole okwengeziwe kudivayisi yakhoKusukela ekwenzeni ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri nokuphatha izimvume zohlelo lokusebenza kuya ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso isikhombimsebenzisi kanye nokwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalela, kungumqondo omuhle ukubuyekeza izilungiselelo zesistimu ukuze uzivumelanise nezidingo zethu, ikakhulukazi uma sithola idivayisi entsha.

Ukuba khona kwamafoni omakhalekhukhwini kuyo yonke indawo nakho kuvule izingxoxo zokuziphatha kanye nezenhlalo. Abanye balandisa ukuthi kanjani Ukuthola ifoni yomunye umuntu njengefa kungasidalula impilo yakhe yonke. ngezithombe, imiyalezo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lowo muzwa wokukwazi "ukuhlola" noma ngisho "ukuphila impilo yomunye umuntu" ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuphatha kahle ama-akhawunti, amakhophi agciniwe, kanye nokususwa kwedatha ngaphambi kokunikeza noma ukuthengisa idivayisi.

Emkhakheni wezemfundo, othisha abaningi kanye nemindeni bayavikela ukukhawulela noma ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamaselula ezikoleniNgokusho kwezinye izinkundla kanye nocwaningo, cishe u-80% wothisha nabazali basekela ukulinganisela ukuba khona kwabo ekilasini, bebabheka njengomthombo wokuphazamiseka okwenza kube nzima ukuphathwa kwamanethiwekhi omphakathi kanye nemiyalezo phakathi kwezingane ezincane.

Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi, iziphequluli kanye nendima yedatha

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje zihlobene kakhulu Iziphequluli zewebhu sezibe yizisulu eziyinhloko zezigebengu ze-inthanethiUbuthakathaka ku-Chrome, Edge, Firefox, noma kwabanye kungavula ithuba lokuhlaselwa okuthinta noma yiluphi uhlelo olungaphansi, kungaba yi-Windows, Linux, noma i-macOS.

Uma isiphequluli siyeka ukuthola izibuyekezo zokuphepha, Izinga labo lokuchayeka likhuphuka kakhuluEzinye iziphequluli ezindala sezifinyelele ekugcineni kokusekelwa kwazo eminyakeni yamuva nje, okwenza zibe sengozini enkulu. Ukuqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa kuhilela izingozi ezinkulu, yingakho ochwepheshe bencoma ukuthuthela ezinguqulweni ezigcinwe ngokusebenzayo.

Ngesikhathi sobhubhane kwacaca ukuthi, naphezu kwentuthuko, Asikwazanga ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla edatha yeselula ukulawula kangcono izimo zezempilo ezibucayi. Phakathi kokuvikelwa kobumfihlo, izinhlelo ezihlukene, kanye nokuntuleka kokuxhumana kwamazwe ngamazwe, izithembiso zokulandelela oxhumana nabo ngobuhlakani bezingaphansi kwalokho ubuchwepheshe obebungakunika amandla.

Ukuzindla kuyakhula uma sikhuluma ukucwasa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwaI-UNESCO igcizelele isidingo sokulungisa lokhu kucwasa ukuze kuvalwe igebe lobulili kumakhono edijithali kanye nokufinyelela emisebenzini yezobuchwepheshe. Uma ama-algorithms nezinhlelo zokusebenza ziqeqeshwa kumaphrofayili athile kuphela, ziqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani okukhona.

Ezingeni lezikhungo, ngisho namajele kumele azivumelanise nezimiso ukuba khona okukhulu kwamadivayisi eselulaIzinkulungwane zamafoni ziye zasetshenziswa emajele, kanti inani liphindeka kabili eminyakeni embalwa nje. Lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa kabusha kwezinqubo, izinhlelo zokuvimba amasignali, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula, ngoba amafoni aphathwayo asephenduke amathuluzi anamandla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezindonga zasejele.

Izakhiwo ezivulekile, imfundo yedijithali kanye nehadiwe entsha

EYurophu, ingxoxo mayelana ukuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuncintisana Lokhu kuholele ekucindezelweni kwezakhiwo zeprosesa zomthombo ovulekile, njenge-RISC-V. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-chip okusekelwe ezicacisweni ezivulekile ngeke kuthuthukise kuphela ubukhosi bedijithali bezwekazi, kodwa futhi nezinhlelo zokusungula izinto ezintsha ezincike kwihadiwe efinyeleleka kalula futhi engenziwa ngezifiso.

Lo mbono uhambisana nokusunduzelwa okubanzi okubheke imfundo yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, izinhlelo kanye namakhono edijithaliKwezinye izifunda, izifundo ongazikhethela ezigxile kulezi zihloko ziyaphothulwa, ngisho nangeseluleko sebutho lezokuphepha, ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukufunda besebancane ngezingozi namathuba omhlaba oxhumene.

Amapulatifomu ezezimali kanye namabhange nawo abheke phambili Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye neselula njengeziteshi eziyinhloko zobudlelwano namakhasimendeIzinhlangano ezifana neBankia kuye kwadingeka "zingene" kumathuluzi e-AI ukuze zinikeze izinsizakalo ezenzelwe wena, zazi ukuthi umsebenzisi cishe njalo uphatha i-smartphone ephaketheni lakhe eba yindawo yakhe eyinhloko yokuxhumana.

Emakethe yabathengi, izindaba zesistimu yokusebenza zivame ukuhambisana ukuqaliswa kwamadivayisi amasha kanye nezipesheli zobuchwephesheAmafoni asezingeni eliphakathi avela kubakhiqizi baseShayina avelele ngezikrini zawo ezinkulu ezinamazinga aphezulu okuvuselela, amafoni asebenza kahle kakhulu nge-multimedia, namakhamera aguquguqukayo, kuyilapho izitolo eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-eBay ne-AliExpress zigcwele ukukhushulwa kwamafoni aphathwayo, ama-headphone angenantambo, ama-laptop, kanye nezesekeli ezihloselwe ukusebenza ngocingo, ukufunda, kanye nokuzijabulisa ekhaya.

Lezi zigagasi zemikhiqizo emisha zibeka ingcindezi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ukuze gcina ukuhambisana okubanzi futhi usebenzise izici ezithile yawo wonke ama-chip, inzwa, noma ingxenye. Akukho usuku oluphelele ngaphandle kokumenyezelwa kwedivayisi entsha, okuphoqa iWindows, i-Android, i-iOS, i-Linux, nabanye ukuthi bathuthuke ngokushesha maqondana nabashayeli, ama-API, kanye nokulungiswa.

Ngale kwe-classical: maqondana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-quantum

Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, kuvela iziphakamiso ezisuka ku-PC noma imodeli yeselula yendabuko. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo yilesi I-Origin Pilot, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-quantum yakhelwe ukuhlela imisebenzi, ukuxhumanisa ihadiwe nesofthiwe, kanye nokulinganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-qubit kumapulatifomu ahlukene e-quantum computing.

Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zakudala, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-quantum kumele ukuphatha izinsiza ezibucayi kakhulu njenge-qubitsUkuqina kwayo kuncike ezintweni ezibonakalayo ezifana nokushisa, umsindo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kanye nokulawula amaphutha kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwayo, ngaphezu kokunikeza isikhombikubona sezinga eliphezulu ukuze abathuthukisi bakwazi ukugxila kuma-algorithms hhayi emininingwaneni yehadiwe.

Lezi zinhlobo zentuthuko zibonisa ukuthi wona kanye umqondo "wohlelo lokusebenza" uyandaAsisakhulumi nje ngama-desktops anamafasitela, izithonjana namamenyu, kodwa mayelana nezendlalelo zesofthiwe ezihlela konke kusukela kuma-supercomputer akudala kuya emishinini ye-quantum, edlula ezixukwini zamadivayisi e-IoT, ezimotweni ezizimele noma ezingqalasizinda ezinkulu zenethiwekhi.

Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe bungatholakali kalula kumsebenzisi wasekhaya, Lokho okutholakele futhi okufundwayo ensimini ye-quantum kuzogcina kuthonye amamodeli okuphepha, ukubethela, kanye nekhompyutha. esizoyisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Njengoba sekwenzekile kaningi ngaphambili, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingamaphayona emikhakheni ekhethekile kakhulu zigcina zibeka umhlahlandlela wezindawo ezisetshenziswa kabanzi.

Ngamafuphi, isimo samanje sohlelo lokusebenza siyibhalansi phakathi Kwasungulwa amakhosi amakhulu njengeWindows kudeskithophu, ukubusa okuthule kweLinux kumaseva namadivayisi eselula, ukuhlanganiswa okuvaliwe kwe-ecosystem ye-Apple, kanye nemingcele emisha efana ne-quantum computingKonke lokhu kuhlobene nezindaba zokuphepha, ubumfihlo, imfundo yedijithali, ukuncika kubahlinzeki abakhulu, ukusebenza kwemidlalo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa njalo nenqwaba yamadivayisi amasha. Kumsebenzisi, kungase kubonakale sengathi "ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igajethi iyasebenza," kodwa ngemuva kwezigcawu, kunomncintiswano oqhubekayo wokuklama isisekelo sesofthiwe esizosekela iminyaka eyishumi ezayo yezobuchwepheshe.