
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-software kuyinkambu eshintsha njalo edinga amazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwaneliseka komsebenzisi nempumelelo yephrojekthi. Amazinga e-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) adlala indima ebalulekile kule ndawo ngokunikeza imihlahlandlela nezimfuneko eziqashelwa umhlaba wonke. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amazinga e-ISO afaneleka kakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, sigqamisa ukubaluleka kwawo kanye nezinzuzo. Kusukela ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi kuya ekuvikelekeni kolwazi, lawa mazinga ahlinzeka ngohlaka oluqinile lokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ethembekile, esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Amazinga e-ISO Wokuthuthukiswa Kwesoftware
Ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga e-ISO ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware kuwumkhuba owandile embonini. Lawa mazinga abhekelela izici ezihlukahlukene zenqubo yokuthuthukiswa, kusukela ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi kuya ekuvikelekeni kolwazi nokusebenzisana. Ngezansi amanye amazinga e-ISO afaneleka kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware:
1. ISO 9001: Ukuphathwa Kwekhwalithi
Umthetho ISO 9001 isungula izidingo zesistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi ephumelelayo. Isebenza ezinhlanganweni zanoma yimuphi usayizi noma umkhakha, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Ukusebenzisa i-ISO 9001 kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo namasevisi azo, zithuthukise izinqubo zangaphakathi futhi zikhulise ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. I-ISO 9001 ingazuza kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
- Ukwenza ngcono ukuhlelwa nokwenza imisebenzi yentuthuko.
- Misa izindinganiso zekhwalithi ezicacile zesofthiwe.
- Isiza ukuhlonza nokulungiswa kwezinkinga ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa.
- Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokufunda kwenhlangano.
2. ISO/IEC 25000: Ikhwalithi Yesofthiwe
I-ISO/IEC 25000, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-SQuaRE (Izimfuneko Nokuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Yomkhiqizo Wesofthiwe), inikeza uhlaka lokuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yesofthiwe. Leli zinga lisungula isethi yezimpawu nezimpawu ezincane ezivumela ukulinganisa nokuhlola ikhwalithi yesofthiwe ezicini ezifana nokusebenza, ukwethembeka, ukusebenziseka nokusebenza kahle. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-ISO/IEC 25000 ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
- Ivumela ikhwalithi yesofthiwe ukuthi ihlolwe ngendlela enenjongo nehlelekile.
- Ihlinzeka ngezinkomba zekhwalithi ezicacile ezisiza ukuthathwa kwezinqumo.
- Isiza ukuhlonza izindawo ezingenziwa ngcono futhi ibeke phambili imizamo yentuthuko.
- Khulisa ukuzethemba kwamakhasimende kanye nomsebenzisi wokugcina.
3. ISO/IEC 27001: Ukuphepha Kolwazi
Ukuvikeleka kolwazi kuyisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokwanda kobugebengu bamakhompuyutha kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Izinga le-ISO/IEC 27001 lisungula izidingo zokusungula, ukusebenzisa, ukugcina kanye ngcono uhlelo lokuphatha uhlelo lokuphatha ukuphepha kolwazi (ISMS). Kungani kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-ISO/IEC 27001 ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
- Vikela ulwazi olubucayi noluyimfihlo kuma-software.
- Sungula izilawuli zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele futhi uthole izinsongo ezingaba khona.
- Iqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, ubuqotho kanye nokutholakala kolwazi.
- Ihambisana nezidingo zomthetho nezokulawula ezihlobene nokuphepha kolwazi.
4. ISO/IEC 9126: Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizo Wesofthiwe
I-ISO/IEC 9126, manje esithathelwe indawo yi-ISO/IEC 25000, igxile kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wesofthiwe futhi yasungula imodeli yekhwalithi enezici nezimpawu ezincane. Nakuba i-ISO/IEC 9126 ingasasebenzi, imigomo nemibono yayo isabalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe. Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ze-ISO/IEC 9126 standard?
- Ukusebenza: ikhono lesofthiwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile.
- Ukuthembeka: ikhono lesofthiwe ukugcina izinga elilindelekile lokusebenza.
- Ukusebenziseka: ukusetshenziswa kalula nokwaneliseka komsebenzisi.
- Ukusebenza kahle: ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nemiphumela etholiwe.
5. ISO/IEC 12207: Izinqubo Ze-Software Life Cycle
Umjikelezo wempilo yesofthiwe usukela ekuqanjweni nasekuthuthukisweni kuye ekunakekeleni nasekuthatheni umhlalaphansi komkhiqizo. I-ISO/IEC 12207 inikeza imihlahlandlela yezinqubo ku umjikelezo wempilo yesoftware, okuhlanganisa ukutholwa, ukuhlinzeka, ukuthuthukiswa, ukusebenza nokugcinwa. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokulandela i-ISO/IEC 12207 ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
- Isungula isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa nokuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi wesofthiwe.
- Ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluhlelekile lokuhlela nokwenza imisebenzi.
- Thuthukisa ukuxhumana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwabalingisi abahlukene abathintekayo.
- Isiza ukuhlonza kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi esigabeni ngasinye somjikelezo wempilo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
1. Imeleni i-ISO kumazinga e-ISO okuthuthukiswa kwesoftware?
I-ISO imele i-International Organization for Standardization, inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ezimele ethuthukisa futhi ishicilele amazinga aqashelwa umhlaba wonke emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Lawa mazinga ahlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela nezimfuneko ezisiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphepha ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe.
2. Yini ukubaluleka kwamazinga e-ISO ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
Izindinganiso ze-ISO zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe zibalulekile ngoba zibeka amazinga futhi imikhuba engcono eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokulandela la mazinga, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yazo, zithuthukise izinqubo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha kolwazi. Ukwengeza, ukuthobela amazinga e-ISO nakho kungakha ukwethembana kumakhasimende nabasebenzisi bokugcina.
3. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amazinga e-ISO ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
Ukusebenzisa amazinga e-ISO ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa:
- Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yesofthiwe nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
- Lungiselela izinqubo zangaphakathi futhi wandise ukusebenza kahle.
- Misa izindinganiso ezicacile nezinenjongo zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi.
- Khulisa ukuzethemba kwamakhasimende kanye nomsebenzisi wokugcina.
- Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokufunda kwenhlangano.
4. Yiziphi izindinganiso ze-ISO ezifanele ekuvikelekeni kolwazi ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe?
I-ISO/IEC 27001 ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kolwazi ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware. Leli zinga lisungula izidingo zokusungula, ukuqalisa, ukugcina kanye ngcono uhlelo lokuphatha uhlelo lokuphatha ukuphepha kolwazi (ISMS). Ukuthobela i-ISO/IEC 27001 kusiza ukuvikela ulwazi olubucayi noluyimfihlo, kusungulwe izilawuli zokuphepha, futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomthetho nezokulawula.
5. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazinga e-ISO nekhwalithi yesoftware?
Izindinganiso ze-ISO zinikeza imihlahlandlela nezimfuneko zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesofthiwe. Kokubili i-ISO 9001 kanye ne-ISO/IEC 25000 (ngaphambilini eyayiyi-ISO/IEC 9126) igxile ezicini zekhwalithi yesofthiwe njengokuphathwa kwekhwalithi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, kanye nencazelo yezici nezimpawu ezincane zokulinganisa nokuhlola ikhwalithi yesofthiwe.
6. Ngingawasebenzisa kanjani amazinga e-ISO kuphrojekthi yami yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe?
Ukusebenzisa amazinga e-ISO kuphrojekthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, kungakuhle ukuthi ulandele lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Zijwayeze namazinga e-ISO ahlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware.
- Hlola isimo samanje sephrojekthi yakho maqondana nezidingo zamazinga e-ISO.
- Khomba izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe futhi usungule uhlelo lokusebenza ukuze usebenzise izidingo zamazinga e-ISO.
- Xhumana futhi uqeqeshe ithimba lakho mayelana nezidingo kanye nezinzuzo zamazinga e-ISO.
- Isungula izindlela zokuqapha nokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga e-ISO.
- Funa isitifiketi esihambisanayo se-ISO ukuze uqinisekise ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwamazinga kuphrojekthi yakho.
Isiphetho
Amazinga e-ISO okuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe angamathuluzi anamandla okwenza ngcono ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha ohlelweni lokudala izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kusukela ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi kuya ekuvikelekeni kolwazi, lawa mazinga ahlinzeka ngohlaka oluqinile olusiza izinhlangano ukuthi zithuthukise isofthiwe ethembekile, esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa izindinganiso ze-ISO, izinkampani zingakwazi ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zazo zangaphakathi, zandise ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende futhi zakhe ukwethembana nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Uma ufuna ukuyisa amaphrojekthi akho okuthuthukisa isofthiwe kwelinye izinga, ungalibukeli phansi inani lezindinganiso ze-ISO!
Okuqukethwe
- Amazinga e-ISO Wokuthuthukiswa Kwesoftware
- Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
- 1. Imeleni i-ISO kumazinga e-ISO okuthuthukiswa kwesoftware?
- 2. Yini ukubaluleka kwamazinga e-ISO ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
- 3. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amazinga e-ISO ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
- 4. Yiziphi izindinganiso ze-ISO ezifanele ekuvikelekeni kolwazi ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe?
- 5. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazinga e-ISO nekhwalithi yesoftware?
- 6. Ngingawasebenzisa kanjani amazinga e-ISO kuphrojekthi yami yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe?
- Isiphetho