Isigaba 1: Isingeniso sePython

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Lesi yisigaba sokuqala sesifundo sePython: Isingeniso kuPython . Kulesi sigaba, sizochaza ukuthi iyini iPython, izici zayo eziyinhloko njengolimi lokuhlela, kanye nezizathu zokuthi kungani ithandwa kangaka eminyakeni yamuva.

Ikhasi Lasekhaya Lesifundo sePython kusuka ku-Scratch

1.1 Yini iPython?

I-Python iwulimi lokuhlela oluguquguqukayo, olusezingeni eliphezulu oseluzuze ukuduma okukhulu emphakathini othuthukayo ngenxa yomklamo walo omuhle kanye nokufundeka kalula kwekhodi. Yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-80 nguGuido van Rossum futhi ibilokhu ivela njalo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Igama layo ligqugquzelwe umdlalo wamahlaya waseBrithani, i-Monty Python, ebonisa indlela ejabulisayo nenobuchule evame ukuhlotshaniswa nalolu limi.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisa iPython ukugcizelela kwayo ekululameni nasekusebenziseni kalula. I-syntax yePython yakhelwe ukuthi icace futhi ibe mfushane, okwenza kube lula kubo bobabili abaqalayo nabahleli bohlelo abanolwazi ukubhala nokuqonda ikhodi. Ukwengeza, i-Python igxile ekufundekeni, igcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhala esikhundleni se-braces noma izimpawu ezikhethekile, okuholela kusitayela sokubhala esihlanzekile nesihlelekile.

Izinzuzo zePython ngaphezu kwezinye izilimi

• Ukufundeka kwekhodiI-syntax ye-Python ecacile, efundekayo yenza ikhodi iqondeke kalula, ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi baveze imibono yabo ngokuqondile futhi kalula.
• Umphakathi omkhulu nemitapo yolwaziI-Python inomphakathi osebenzayo futhi onobungane wonjiniyela abenze imitapo yolwazi namamojula anhlobonhlobo, banweba amakhono olimi futhi bavumela amaphrojekthi anhlobonhlobo. Ungahlola okwengeziwe ngalokhu ku I-Python ingasiza kanjani ngokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
• Ipulatifomu eminingi: I-Python iyahambisana ne-cross-system, okusho ukuthi uhlelo olwakhiwe ku-Python lungasebenza kumapulatifomu ahlukene ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhodi.

Amacala Okusetshenziswa KwePython Adumile

I-Python ithole izinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene futhi ikufakazele ukubaluleka kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kweWebhuI-Python isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu, ngenxa yezinhlaka ezidumile ezifana ne-Django ne-Flask, ezenza kube lula ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezinamandla neziqinile.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwedathaI-Python izuze amandla ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha ngenxa yemitapo yolwazi efana ne-Pandas ne-NumPy, ehlinzeka ngamathuluzi anamandla okukhohlisa nokuhlaziya idatha. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, ungathintana I-Python ne-Pandas zingenza kanjani ukuhlaziya idatha yakho kube lula.
• I-Artificial Intelligence kanye Nokufunda NgomshiniI-Python isiwulimi oluncanyelwayo lokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ngomshini, sibonga imitapo yolwazi efana ne-TensorFlow, Keras ne-PyTorch.
• UkuzenzakalelaI-Python iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokuzenzakalela komsebenzi, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze lula futhi basheshise izinqubo eziphindaphindayo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Iyini i-Python futhi kungani idume kangaka?

Ngamafuphi, i-Python iwulimi lwezinhlelo oluguquguqukayo, olufundekayo nolunamandla oluzuze izinhliziyo zomphakathi othuthukayo ngenxa yomklamo walo omuhle kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene. Kulesi sifundo, uzocwila emhlabeni ohehayo wePython futhi sizokunikeza amakhono adingekayo ukuze ube umthuthukisi onekhono okwaziyo ukubhekana nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni wezinhlelo. Lungela ukuhlola amandla nobuciko bePython njengoba uqala lolu hambo lokufunda olujabulisayo!

1.2 Ukumisa imvelo

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubhala ikhodi kuPython, kubalulekile ukusetha kahle indawo yakho yokuthuthuka. Kulesi sigaba, sizokuhamba ngenqubo yokufaka iPython kumasistimu ahlukene wokusebenza futhi sikubonise ukuthi ungasetha kanjani indawo yokuthuthukisa ukuze uqale ukuhlela ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

1.2.1 Imiyalelo yokufaka iPython kumasistimu wokusebenza ahlukene

OkweWindows:

1. Vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yePython ku python.org bese uzulazulela engxenyeni yokulanda.
2. Landa isifaki sokukhishwa kwakamuva okuzinzile kwePython yeWindows.
3. Qalisa isifaki esilandiwe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ubheka inketho ethi "Engeza i-Python XX kuya ku-PATH variable" ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
4. Landela imiyalelo yomfaki bese uqedela inqubo yokufaka.

Okwe-macOS:

1. I-macOS imvamisa iza ifakwe kuqala ngenguqulo yePython. Noma kunjalo, kunconywa ukufaka inguqulo yakamuva ezinzile yePython.
2. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-Python esemthethweni bese uzulazula esigabeni sokulanda.
3. Landa isifaki senguqulo yakamuva ezinzile yePython ye-macOS.
4. Qalisa isifaki esilandiwe bese ulandela imiyalelo ukuze uqedele ukufaka.

Okwe-Linux:

1. Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux kuza ne-Python efakwe kuqala. Ungahlola ukuthi i-Python isivele ifakiwe yini ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ku-terminal: python --version.
2. Uma i-Python ingafakiwe, vula i-terminal bese usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo wokufaka i-Python:
   • Ekusakazweni okusekelwe ku-Debian (njengo-Ubuntu): sudo apt-get install python3
   • Ekusakazweni okusekelwe kwe-Red Hat (okufana ne-CentOS noma Fedora): sudo yum install python3

1.2.2 Ukusetha indawo yokuthuthukisa yePython

Ukuze uhlele ku-Python kahle, kuyalulekwa ukuthi usebenzise indawo yokuthuthukisa edidiyelwe (IDE) noma umhleli wombhalo osekela iPython. Nazi ezinye izinketho ezidumile:

• Ikhodi Yesitudiyo Esibonakalayo (VSCode): I-IDE engasindi futhi enamandla enosekelo lwezandiso ezenza ukuthuthukiswa kwePython kube lula.
• I-PyCharm: I-IDE eyakhelwe ngqo iPython enezinhlobonhlobo zezici namathuluzi okuthuthukiswa. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anjengalawa kubalulekile empilweni Isingeniso sePython Programming.
• I-IDLE: Indawo yokuthuthuka ehlanganisiwe ezenzakalelayo eza nokufakwa kwakho kwePython.

Uma usufake i-IDE noma isihleli sombhalo ozikhethele sona, usulungele ukuqala ukubhala nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zePython.

1.3 Sawubona Umhlaba ngePython

Ngokwesiko lokuqala noma yiziphi izifundo zokuhlela, uhlelo lwethu lokuqala ePython kuzoba i-"Hello World" edumile. Lolu hlelo luyindlela elula kodwa enengqondo yokuqala ukuzijwayeza ne-syntax nesakhiwo sohlelo lwePython.

# Nuestro primer programa en Python: Hola Mundo
print("Hola Mundo")

Incazelo enemininingwane yento ngayinye yohlelo

• # Nuestro primer programa en Python: Hola Mundo: Amazwana kuPython aqala ngophawu # futhi angumbhalo ozitshwayo phakathi nokwenziwa kohlelo. Ziwusizo ekungezeni amanothi nezincazelo kukhodi ukuze ifundeke kakhudlwana futhi iqondakale.
• print("Hola Mundo"): Umsebenzi print() kuwumsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi kuPython obonisa umyalezo noma umphumela kukhonsoli. Kulokhu, sisebenzisa umsebenzi print() ukuze ubonise iyunithi yezinhlamvu yombhalo ethi "Sawubona Mhlaba" esikrinini.

Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo

Uma ugijima lolu hlelo, umsebenzi print() ibonisa umyalezo othi “Sawubona Mhlaba” kukhonsoli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubhale ngempumelelo futhi wasebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lokuqala lwePython.

Lesi kumane kuyisiqalo sohambo lwakho olujabulisayo lokungena emhlabeni wePython: Isingeniso sePython. Njengoba sithuthukela esifundweni, sizohlola imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu namaphrojekthi asebenzayo azokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ulwazi lwakho ezimeni zomhlaba wangempela. Usendleleni efanele yokubamba iPython futhi uvule amathuba angapheli emkhakheni othakazelisayo wohlelo! Qhubeka futhi uhlole lonke lolu limi olunamandla ongalunikeza!

Iya esigabeni 2: Izisekelo zokuhlela zePython

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukuhlela Okugxile Entweni: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wesethulo