- Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo: ama-valve, ama-transistors, ama-circuits ahlanganisiwe, ama-microprocessors, ama-multi-core, i-AI kanye nesithembiso se-quantum computing.
- Ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle: isizukulwane ngasinye sikhuphule isivinini, ukufana nokonga amandla, ukhiye wamaselula namaseva.
- Ukukhetha iphrosesa: ukwazi isizukulwane kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa—amageyimu, ukukhiqiza noma umthwalo we-AI—futhi ukwandise izindleko nokusebenza.
Siyakwamukela esihlokweni sethu esimayelana nezizukulwane zamaphrosesa! Lapha sizohlola ngokujulile umlando othakazelisayo kanye nokuvela kwamaphrosesa, kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo kuya ezenzweni ezintsha zakamuva zobuchwepheshe. Ingabe usukulungele ukucwila emhlabeni othokozisayo wekhompiyutha futhi uthole ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beprosesa buthuthuke kanjani eminyakeni edlule? Ake siqale!
Isingeniso
Njengamanje, i amaprosesa Zingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinamandla zanoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi, kusukela kumakhompyutha aphathekayo nama-smartphone kuya kumakhonsoli egeyimu yevidiyo kanye nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Lawa ma-silicon chips amancane kodwa anamandla asehambe ibanga elide kusukela ezinsukwini zawo zakuqala futhi abone intuthuko enkulu ephawulekayo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola isizukulwane ngasinye samaphrosesa, kusukela kumamodeli akudala kuya kwentuthuko yakamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizophendula imibuzo evame ukubuzwa esihlokweni futhi sixoxe ngokubaluleka kokuqonda izizukulwane zokucubungula lapho kukhethwa idivayisi entsha.
I-processor Generations: Ukubheka Emuva
Emashumini eminyaka adlule, sibone ukuthuthuka okumangazayo kubuchwepheshe beprosesa. Isizukulwane ngasinye siphawule ingqophamlando mayelana nesivinini, ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla okucubungula. Okulandelayo, sizohlola izizukulwane ezihlukene zamaphrosesa nezici zawo ezihlukile.
1. Isizukulwane sokuqala: Izingqalabutho zenkathi yedijithali
Isizukulwane sokuqala samaphrosesa, esaziwa ngokuthi i-vacuum tube era, sathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1940s Lawa maphrosesa akudala ayemakhulu, engasebenzi kahle, futhi ekhiqiza ukushisa okuningi. Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwabo, babeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwamaphrosesa anamuhla.
2. Isizukulwane sesibili: Ukunyuka kwama-transistors
Isizukulwane sesibili samaphrosesa, esasungulwa ngawo-1950, sethula ushintsho olukhulu ngokusungulwa kwe-transistor. Ama-Transistors ayemancane, esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ethembeke kakhulu kunamashubhu e-vacuum, evumela ukwakhiwa kwamakhompyutha asheshayo. kuhlangene futhi kuyashesha. Lesi sizukulwane saphawula ukuqala kwe iminyaka yekhompyutha yesimanje.
3. Isizukulwane sesithathu: Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe aguquguqukayo
Isizukulwane sesithathu samaprosesa, okwenzeka ngawo-1960, sethula amasekethe ahlanganisiwe. Lawa masekethi avumele ukubekwa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi eziningi ku-chip eyodwa, okuholela ekubeni kukhulu ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza yamakhompyutha. Lesi sizukulwane siphinde sabona ukwakhiwa kwama-microprocessors okuqala.
4. Isizukulwane sesine: Ukunyuka kwamakhompyutha omuntu
Isizukulwane sesine samaphrosesa, esenzeka ngawo-1970, sabona ukwanda kwamakhompyutha omuntu (ama-PC). Amaphrosesa alesi sizukulwane ayenamandla kakhulu futhi ayekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene ngaphezu kokubala izinombolo. Yena Intel I-4004, eyasungulwa ngo-1971, yayingenye yama-microprocessors okuqala alesi sizukulwane.
5. Isizukulwane sesihlanu: Amandla e-supercomputing
Isizukulwane sesihlanu samaphrosesa, esaqala ngawo-1980, saphawulwa ngentuthuko ku-supercomputing kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Amaphrosesa alesi sizukulwane ayeshesha, akwazi ukucubungula idatha enkulu, futhi enze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Umqondo "wobuhlakani bokwenziwa" waqala ukuvelela ngalesi sikhathi.
6. Isizukulwane sesithupha: Ukudlondlobala kobuchwepheshe beselula
Isizukulwane sesithupha samaprosesa, esenzeka ngawo-1990, saletha ukwanda kobuchwepheshe beselula kanye namadivayisi aphathwayo. Amaprosesa alesi sizukulwane abe mancane, asebenza kahle, futhi afaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi eselula. Intuthuko kumaphrosesa kulesi sizukulwane ivule indlela yama-smartphone namathebulethi.
7. Isizukulwane sesikhombisa: Inkathi yokusebenza kahle kwamandla
Isizukulwane sesikhombisa samaphrosesa, esaqala ngawo-2000, sigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwamaphrosesa. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwaba yinto ehamba phambili njengoba amadivaysi eselula athandwa kakhulu. Amaphrosesa alesi sizukulwane athole ukulingana phakathi kokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
8. Isizukulwane sesishiyagalombili: Ukunyuka kwama-multi-core processors
Isizukulwane sesishiyagalombili samaphrosesa, esaqala ngawo-2010, saletha ukukhuphuka kwama-multi-core processors. Lawa ma-processor ayenama-cores amaningi ku-chip eyodwa, evumela ukusebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo lapho wenza imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ubuchwepheshe be-Multi-core processor buye baba yisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwekhompyutha yesimanje.
9. Isizukulwane Sesishiyagalolunye: Inkathi Yokuhlakanipha Kokwenziwa Nokufunda Ngomshini
Isizukulwane sesishiyagalolunye samaphrosesa, esaqala ngeminyaka yawo-2020s, siphawulwe ngokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) nokufunda ngomshini. Amaphrosesa alesi sizukulwane aklanyelwe ngqo ukubhekana nezidingo ze-AI nokufunda ngomshini, okuholele entuthukweni ebalulekile emikhakheni efana nombono wekhompyutha, ukuqashelwa kwezwi kanye nokuhumusha okuzenzakalelayo.
10. Isizukulwane seshumi: Sibheke esikhathini se-quantum computing
Isizukulwane seshumi samaphrosesa, esathuthukiswayo, sithembisa ukuthatha ikhompiyutha iye ezingeni elisha ngokuphelele ngokufika kwe-quantum computing. Lawa maphrosesa, asekelwe ezimisweni ze- ngomshini quantum, inamandla okuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha nangempumelelo kunamaphrosesa akudala.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nezizukulwane Zokuphrosesa:
1. Kuyini ukubaluleka kokwazi izizukulwane zeprosesa lapho ukhetha idivayisi entsha?
Kubalulekile ukuqonda izizukulwane zamaphrosesa lapho ukhetha idivayisi entsha, njengoba isizukulwane ngasinye sinikeza ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo mayelana nokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kanye namakhono. Ngokwazi izici ezihlukile zesizukulwane ngasinye, ungenza isinqumo unolwazi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi idivayisi evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho. Isibonelo, uma ungumdlali wegeyimu oshisekayo, ungase ufune ukukhetha idivayisi enephrosesa yesizukulwane sakamuva esinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kumageyimu aqinile. Uma udinga idivayisi yemisebenzi yansuku zonke yasehhovisi, iphrosesa yesizukulwane sangaphambilini ingase yanele futhi ishibhile.
2. Yiziphi ezinye zentuthuko ephawuleka kakhulu ezizukulwaneni zakamuva zamaphrosesa?
Ezizukulwaneni zakamuva zamaphrosesa, sibone ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ezindaweni ezifana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukusebenza kwe-multi-core, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini. Amaphrosesa esimanje aklanyelwe ukuletha ukusebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinzima futhi wenze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokushelela kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obunjengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuye kwavula amathuba amasha emikhakheni efana ne-automation, irobhothi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwephrosesa ye-single-core kanye ne-multi-core processor?
Iphrosesa ye-single-core inomongo wokucubungula owodwa kuphela, okusho ukuthi ingenza umsebenzi owodwa ngesikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-multi-core processor inama-cores amaningi okucubungula, ayivumela ukuthi yenze imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ama-Multi-core processors ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okusheshayo nangempumelelo, ikakhulukazi lapho enza imisebenzi engahlukaniswa ngemicu ehambisanayo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zisebenzise ngokugcwele ama-multi-core processors, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhambisana kwesofthiwe lapho ukhetha iphrosesa.
4. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaphrosesa kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa?
Amaphrosesa adlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa. I-AI ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe ubuchule obuphezulu namamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi okwenza imisebenzi ekhaliphile, efana nokuqaphela inkulumo, ukubona ngekhompyutha, nokwenza izinqumo ezizimele. Le misebenzi idinga ukucutshungulwa kwedatha okukhulu kanye nekhompuyutha esheshayo, etholwa amaphrosesa akhethekile ku-AI nemisebenzi yokufunda ngomshini. Amaphrosesa esizukulwane esilandelayo aklanyelwe ngqo ukubhekana nezinselelo ze-AI, okuholele entuthukweni enkulu kulo mkhakha.
5. Iyini imiphumela ye-quantum computing ezizukulwaneni ezizayo zamaphrosesa?
I-Quantum computing iyinkambu esafufusa ethembisa ukuguqula ikhompyutha. Amaphrosesa e-Quantum asebenzisa izimiso ze-quantum mechanics, njengokuma kwe-superposition kanye nokugxambukela, ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha okukhulu kunamaphrosesa akudala. Nakuba sisesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwe-quantum computing, izizukulwane ezizayo zamaphrosesa kulindeleke ukuthi zisebenzise lobu buchwepheshe ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga okwamanje okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka ukuzixazulula. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ezinkambini ezifana ne-cryptography, ukulingisa kwamangqamuzana nokwenza kahle.
6. Ngingasibona kanjani isizukulwane sephrosesa kudivayisi?
Ukuze uhlonze ukukhiqizwa kwephrosesa kudivayisi, ungasesha ku-inthanethi imodeli yokucubungula kanye nokucaciswa kwayo. Imikhiqizo edumile yokuphrosesa, njenge-Intel ne-AMD, ivamise ukulebula ngokucacile ukuthi imodeli ngayinye iwela kusiphi isizukulwane. Ungathola futhi imininingwane enemininingwane kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi noma kumasayithi akhethekile. ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubuyekezwa komkhiqizo kanye nokuqhathanisa kuvame ukufaka ulwazi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamaphrosesa asetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahlukene.
Isiphetho Sezizukulwane Zomprosesa
Ngamafuphi, izizukulwane zamaphrosesa zihambe indlela ende ukusuka kumamodeli akudala kuya ezenzweni ezintsha zakamuva zobuchwepheshe. Isizukulwane ngasinye silethe ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo mayelana nokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla okucubungula. Kusukela kuma-gigantic vacuum tube processors kuya kuma-multi-core processors asheshayo nasebenza kahle kanye namathemba athembisayo e-quantum computing, ukuvela kwamaphrosesa kuqhubekisele phambili inguquko yedijithali.
Ngokuqonda izizukulwane zamaphrosesa nezici zazo ezihlukile, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho sikhetha izisetshenziswa zikagesi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sifuna ikhompuyutha ephathekayo yamageyimu aqinile, i-smartphone yokukhiqiza kwansuku zonke, noma inkundla ye-AI, ukukhetha iphrosesa efanele kubalulekile.
Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ucabanga ngokuthenga idivayisi entsha ye-elekthronikhi, khumbula ukucwaninga isizukulwane sokucubungula esisinikezayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe butholakale futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngentuthuko yakamuva emhlabeni wekhompuyutha!
Okuqukethwe
- Isingeniso
- I-processor Generations: Ukubheka Emuva
- 1. Isizukulwane sokuqala: Izingqalabutho zenkathi yedijithali
- 2. Isizukulwane sesibili: Ukunyuka kwama-transistors
- 3. Isizukulwane sesithathu: Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe aguquguqukayo
- 4. Isizukulwane sesine: Ukunyuka kwamakhompyutha omuntu
- 5. Isizukulwane sesihlanu: Amandla e-supercomputing
- 6. Isizukulwane sesithupha: Ukudlondlobala kobuchwepheshe beselula
- 7. Isizukulwane sesikhombisa: Inkathi yokusebenza kahle kwamandla
- 8. Isizukulwane sesishiyagalombili: Ukunyuka kwama-multi-core processors
- 9. Isizukulwane Sesishiyagalolunye: Inkathi Yokuhlakanipha Kokwenziwa Nokufunda Ngomshini
- 10. Isizukulwane seshumi: Sibheke esikhathini se-quantum computing
- Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nezizukulwane Zokuphrosesa:
- 1. Kuyini ukubaluleka kokwazi izizukulwane zeprosesa lapho ukhetha idivayisi entsha?
- 2. Yiziphi ezinye zentuthuko ephawuleka kakhulu ezizukulwaneni zakamuva zamaphrosesa?
- 3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwephrosesa ye-single-core kanye ne-multi-core processor?
- 4. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaphrosesa kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa?
- 5. Iyini imiphumela ye-quantum computing ezizukulwaneni ezizayo zamaphrosesa?
- 6. Ngingasibona kanjani isizukulwane sephrosesa kudivayisi?
- Isiphetho Sezizukulwane Zomprosesa