- Igatsha lobuhlakani bokwenziwa elivumela imishini ukuthi ifunde kudatha futhi ithuthuke ngaphandle kokuhlela okubekela sobala.
- Isebenza ngokuqeqeshwa kanye nedatha yokuhlola; ama-algorithms athola amaphethini futhi enze izibikezelo zokufakwayo okusha.
- Izicelo kwezokumaketha, ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ezezimali, naku-cybersecurity; imikhawulo: ukuchema, ukungafihli, izindleko eziphezulu, kanye nengozi yokuxoshwa emsebenzini.
Uma uke wasebenzisa i-Netflix, i-Amazon, noma i-Spotify, lapho-ke usuwabonile amandla okufunda ngomshini. Kodwa kuyini ukufunda ngomshini?
Lobu buchwepheshe buguqula indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nemishini yethu yedijithali futhi buba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwethu lomsebenzisi. Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi kuyini ukufunda komshini nokuthi kusebenza kanjani, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu kanye nokubi okufanele kucatshangelwe. Lungela ukuthola ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buguqula kanjani konke esikwaziyo mayelana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa!
Kuyini ukufunda ngomshini?
Ukufunda ngomshini kuyigatsha lobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuvumela amakhompyutha ukuthi afunde futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo emisebenzini ethile ngaphandle kokuhlelwa okucacile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukufunda ngomshini kuyinqubo umshini “ongafunda” ngayo kudatha yangaphambilini nolwazi ukuze wenze imisebenzi enembe kakhudlwana nangempumelelo ngokuzayo.
Ngama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi, amasistimu okufunda omshini angahlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha ukuze ahlonze amaphethini afihliwe namathrendi. Lawa maphethini asetshenziswa umshini ukwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe emathubeni ezibalo. Njengoba idatha eningi iqoqwa, lawa ma-algorithms angalungiswa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqagela okuzayo.
Ukusetshenziswa komshini wokufunda kubanzi, kusukela ezinjinini zokusesha kuye ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimali. Ibuye isetshenziswe kakhulu ekukhangiseni okudijithali nasekukhangiseni komuntu siqu, lapho ama-algorithms angabikezela ngokunembile ukuthi yini umuntu angase afune ukuyithenga noma ukuyibuka ngokusekelwe kulokho akwenzile ngaphambili.
Ukufunda ngomshini kuyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu elishintsha ngokuphelele indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nemishini yethu yedijithali namuhla. Okuhle kakhulu ukuthi “ingakwazi ukufunda” kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwangaphambilini, okusho ukuthi singalindela intuthuko emangalisayo kuzo zonke izici zobuchwepheshe njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kusebenza kanjani ukufunda ngomshini?
Ukufunda ngomshini isethi engaphansi yobuhlakani bokwenziwa obugxile ekuthuthukisweni kwama-algorithms namamodeli ezibalo akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ngaphandle kokuhlelelwa ngokusobala ukwenza kanjalo. Kodwa isebenza kanjani ngempela?
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nesethi ebanzi nehlukahlukene yedatha ehambisana nenkinga ezoxazululwa. Le datha ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: elilodwa lokuqeqesha imodeli nelinye ukuhlola ukusebenza kwalo.
Okulandelayo, i-algorithm ehambisana nohlobo lomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe (ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlehla, ukuhlanganisa, njll.) kuyakhethwa futhi imingcele yayo ilungiswa ngokuzama nangephutha.
Uma imodeli isiqeqeshiwe ngedatha ehambisanayo, isilungele ukuthola idatha entsha futhi isebenzise lokho ekufundile phakathi nesigaba sayo sokuqeqeshwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuqagela kwemodeli noma ukubikezela kudatha entsha, isebenzisa ubudlelwano bezibalo ngaphambilini obutholwe i-algorithm phakathi nesigaba sayo sokuqeqeshwa. Ngale ndlela ungahlukanisa amarekhodi amasha noma unikeze amanani aqagelayo mayelana nokuziphatha kwesikhathi esizayo kokuguquguquka okunikeziwe.
Ekugcineni, ukufunda ngomshini kusivumela ukuthi sakhe amasistimu ahlakaniphile akwazi ukucubungula inani elikhulu lolwazi kodwa futhi avumelane nalo ngesikhathi sangempela. Konke sibonga amamodeli ezibalo ayinkimbinkimbi aklanyelwe icala ngalinye.
Izicelo zokufunda ngomshini
Ukufunda ngomshini sekubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amabhizinisi amaningi nezinhlangano ziphumelele ngoba kuzivumela ukuthi zithole imininingwane ebalulekile ngamathani edatha. Manje ngizokutshela ezinye izindlela okusetshenziswa ngazo ukufunda ngomshini.
Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukumaketha ngedijithali. Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuze ahlaziye indlela amakhasimende awo aziphatha ngayo futhi adale imikhankaso yokukhangisa yomuntu siqu esebenza ngempela.
Esinye isicelo esibalulekile ukuthola ukukhwabanisa kwezezimali kusenesikhathi. Amabhange asebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zezibalo zokubikezela ukuze abone okwenziwayo okusolisayo ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke, ngaleyo ndlela avikele ekulahlekelweni okukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda ngomshini kusetshenziswa futhi emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, odokotela bangasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze babikezele izifo ezingelapheki ngokuhlaziya umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli nezinye izici ezibalulekile, njengendlela yokuphila kanye nofuzo.
Ekugcineni, enye indawo lapho lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa khona kakhulu ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi . Amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha asengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-hacker, kodwa ngenxa yamasu athuthukile asekelwe ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa, singakwazi ukubona izinsongo ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.
Njengoba ubona, ukufunda ngomshini kungaxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kukhiqize ukuthuthuka okubalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yamabhizinisi nezenhlalo. Kuyahlaba umxhwele ngempela.
Ububi bokufunda komshini
Nakuba ukufunda ngomshini kuyishintshe ngokuphelele indlela amabhizinisi acubungula ngayo futhi ahlaziye amathani edatha, kuphinde kube nezihibe ezinkulu okufanele sizikhumbule.
Enye yezinto esikhathazeke ngayo ukuthi amamodeli wokufunda ngomshini awekho obala. Ezimweni eziningi, asiqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi izinqumo ezisekelwe kulawa mamodeli zenziwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izici ezithonya lezo zinqumo. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga ezimeni ezifana nemalimboleko yasebhange noma izingxoxo zomsebenzi, lapho silindele ukuthi inqubo icace futhi ingenzeleli.
Okunye okubi kokufunda komshini ukuthi kuncike kakhulu kudathasethi esetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha imodeli. Uma leyo datha ingameleli noma ingachemi, singagcina sinemodeli engalungile futhi ebandlululayo. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubuyekeze ngokucophelela ikhwalithi yedatha yakho ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisela ukuqeqesha imodeli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kohlelo kudinga izinsiza eziningi, kokubili ezezimali kanye nezobuchwepheshe. Amathuluzi akhethekile adinga ukuhlala etholakala futhi lokho kuhlanganisa izindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza ngenxa yezinguquko eziqhubekayo emakethe yezobuchwepheshe.
Okokugcina, nakuba ukufunda ngomshini kunamandla okwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzekelayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kukonke kwamabhizinisi, kukhona nokukhathazeka ngokuthi kungase kuthathe indawo yemisebenzi yabantu, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuqashweni emhlabeni wonke.
Nakuba kunezinzuzo ezisobala zokusebenzisa ukufunda komshini ngempumelelo, kufanele futhi sicabangele ubungozi obubalulekile ngaphambi kokukusebenzisa ngokugcwele.
Isiphetho sokuthi Kuyini Ukufunda Ngomshini
Ngamafuphi, ukufunda ngomshini kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu evumela imishini ukuthi izifundele yona futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo emisebenzini eminingi. Ingakwazi ukuhlaziya idatha eminingi futhi ithole amaphethini afihliwe, okwenza kube ithuluzi elihle ezindaweni eziningi, kusukela kwezokwelapha kuya ekukhangiseni. Kodwa-ke, futhi inezihibe zayo, njengokuba nokwenzeka kokuchema nephutha uma idatha esetshenzisiwe ingameleli noma ingaphelele.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokufunda ngomshini buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kubalulekile ukuthi siqhubeke nokubheka ukuthi busetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi buyoba yini umthelela emphakathini wethu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isetshenziswa ngendlela enesimilo futhi ngokuzibophezela ukugwema noma yikuphi ukulimala okungaba khona.
Ukufunda komshini kuyindlela entsha ethokozisayo enamandla amakhulu okuguqula umhlaba wethu. Uma iphathwa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela, singasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuthuthukisa izimpilo zethu.