- I-Industrial automation isebenzisa ama-PLC, ama-DCS, ama-HMI, amarobhothi, nezinzwa ukulawula izinqubo nokwenza izinqumo zesikhathi sangempela.
- Izinzuzo: ukwanda kokukhiqiza nekhwalithi, ukunciphisa izindleko namaphutha, nokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kanye nokuqeqeshwa njengezinselele ezibalulekile.
- Ikusasa: I-AI, i-IoT kanye namarobhothi athuthukile azoshayela izimboni ezizimele, amawele edijithali nokwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu; imisebenzi izoshintsha, idinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha.
I-Industrial Revolution 4.0 isisebenza ngokugcwele, futhi i-automation embonini ingumgogodla wayo. Lesi simo sichaza kabusha indlela esicabanga ngayo ukukhiqiza, ukusebenza kahle kanye nomsebenzi womuntu ngokwawo. Kodwa lolu shintsho lubandakanyani ngempela futhi lushintsha kanjani isimo sezimboni? Ake sembule izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zalesi sitayela esibeka inkambo yekusasa lezimboni.
I-automation embonini: imiqondo eyisisekelo
Ukuzenzakalela embonini kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokulawula kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi ukuphatha izinqubo nemishini yezimboni, okunciphisa isidingo sokungenelela kwabantu. Kodwa sifike kanjani lapha?
Ukuvela kokushintshashintsha kwezimboni kube uhambo oluhehayo. Yaqala ngezindlela ezilula ngekhulu le-18 futhi isithuthuke yaba izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-cyber-physical zanamuhla. Ungacabanga ukuthi “imishini ezenzakalelayo” yokuqala kwakuyimishini yomoya namasondo amanzi? Amazing, akunjalo?
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuqhuba ukuzenzekela buhlanganisa:
- Izilawuli Zengqondo Ezihlelekayo (PLC)
- Amasistimu Okulawula Okusatshalaliswa (DCS)
- I-Human Machine Interfaces (HMI)
- Amarobhothi ezimboni
- Izinzwa ezithuthukile nama-actuator
Lawa mathuluzi awakuvumeli kuphela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa futhi anike amandla ukwenza izinqumo ngesikhathi sangempela, okuqhutshwa idatha. Akumangalisi yini ukuthi ubuchwepheshe "bungacabanga" futhi buzenzele ngokwabo ezindaweni zezimboni?
Izinzuzo ze-industrial automation
Ukuzenzakalela embonini akuyona nje imfashini yezobuchwepheshe; inikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu eziguqula isimo sezimboni. Yiziphi lezi zinzuzo? Ake sizihlole:
Ukukhula kokukhiqiza
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imishini ingasebenza 24/7 ngaphandle kokuphumula. Ungayibona ngeso lengqondo ifektri engalali? Lokhu kuhumusha ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokukhiqizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, imboni yezimoto ezishintshayo ingakhiqiza imoto eyodwa njalo ngemizuzwana engu-55. Ijubane lelo!
Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi
Amasistimu azenzakalelayo ayahambisana futhi anembe. Abanazo izinsuku ezimbi noma baphazamiseke. Lokhu kuphumela emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi engashintshi futhi kunciphisa ngokumangazayo amaphutha abantu. Ubuwazi ukuthi kwezinye izimboni ezinemba okuphezulu, njengezogesi, izinga lamaphutha lehlisiwe laya ngaphansi kuka-0.1%?
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko
Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kungase kube phezulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuzenzekelayo kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza. Amaphutha ambalwa asho ukumosha okuncane, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwemishini yesimanje kunciphisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa. Ezinye izinkampani ziye zabika ukonga okungafika ku-30% ezindlekweni zazo zokusebenza ngemva kokusebenzisa izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo.
Kodwa akuyona yonke into enhle. I-Automation nayo iveza izinselelo. Bayini? Ake sizihlole.
Izinselelo ekusetshenzisweni
Ukwamukelwa kwe-automation embonini akunazo izithiyo zakho. Yiziphi izinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nezinkampani?
Ukutshala imali kokuqala
Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo kungadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Sikhuluma ngezigidi zama-euro kwezinye izimo. Ingabe kuyafaneleka? Ekugcineni, yebo, kodwa akuzona zonke izinkampani ezinemali edingekayo ukuze zithathe isinyathelo.
Ukumelana noshintsho
Izisebenzi zingase zesabe i-automation. Ngizolahlekelwa umsebenzi wami? Ingabe ngizokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo? Lokhu kukhathazeka kungokwemvelo futhi kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela koshintsho lwenhlangano.
Izidingo Zokuqeqesha
I-automation idinga amakhono amasha. Abasebenzi kumele babe ochwepheshe, ochwepheshe babe onjiniyela. Ingabe sesikulungele lokhu kugxuma kwezemfundo? Izinkampani eziningi zibukela phansi ijika lokufunda nezindleko ezihambisana nokuqeqeshwa.
Imikhakha ethinteke kakhulu
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezenzakalelayo embonini akuthinti yonke imikhakha ngokulinganayo. Eminye idlule ezinguqukweni ezijulile kuneminye. Yimiphi le mikhakha?
Ukukhiqiza
Lo mkhakha ube yingqalabutho kweze-automation. Kusukela kumarobhothi ashiselayo ezimbonini zezimoto kuya kumasistimu okulawula ikhwalithi yokubona ngomshini emigqeni yokupakisha, ukukhiqiza kuwumbukiso wokuzenzakalelayo kwemboni. Ubuwazi yini ukuthi ezinye “izimboni ezihlakaniphile” zisebenza cishe ebumnyameni obuphelele ngenxa yokuthi azidingi ukugadwa umuntu njalo?
Izithuthi
Imboni yezimoto iye yamukela ukuzenzekela okungafani nanoma iyiphi enye. Amarobhothi ahlanganisa, apende, futhi ahlole izimoto ngokunemba okungaphezu kwamandla omuntu. Umphumela uba yini? Izimoto eziphephile, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ezingabizi kakhulu. I-Tesla, isibonelo, iziqhenya ngomunye wemigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo kakhulu emhlabeni.
Logistics nokusabalalisa
Izitolo ezizenzakalelayo ziya ngokuya zivame kakhulu. Amasistimu okuhlunga azenzakalelayo, izimoto eziqondiswayo ezizenzakalelayo (ama-AGV) kanye nama-drones we-inventory aguqula indlela yokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Amazon isebenzisa amarobhothi angaphezu kuka-200,000 ezikhungweni zayo zokusabalalisa. Ungayibona ngeso lengqondo inqolobane lapho imikhiqizo izihambela yodwa?
Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa
I-automation embonini ihlala ivela, iqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obuthembisa ukuthatha ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza kumazinga amasha. Yibuphi lobu buchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo osebuvele bukhona?
Ubuhlakani Bokufakelwa (AI)
I-AI ithatha okuzenzakalelayo ngaphezu kwemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Amasistimu okulungisa abikezelayo alindele ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke, ama-algorithms okuthuthukisa alungisa amapharamitha okukhiqiza ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye namasistimu okulawula ikhwalithi afunda ukuthola amaphutha acashile. Ungayibona ngeso lengqondo ifektri “ezicabangela yona”?
I-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT)
I-IoT idala amafekthri axhumene kakhulu lapho yonke imishini, inzwa kanye nomkhiqizo kukuxhumana njalo. Lokhu kuvumela ukubonakala okungakaze kubonwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Umphumela? Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi kanye nokusabela. Isibonelo, i-Siemens isebenzise lokho abakubiza ngokuthi "amawele edijithali," okuyizifanekiso ezingokoqobo zezitshalo zayo ezibonakalayo.
Amarobhothi athuthukile
Amarobhothi ezimboni awasavalelwe emakhejini. Amarobhothi asebenzisanayo noma “ama-cobots” asebenza ngokubambisana nabantu, ahlanganisa ukuguquguquka komuntu nokunemba kwerobhothi. Ubuwazi ukuthi la marobhothi angafunda imisebenzi emisha ngokubheka umuntu osebenza naye?
Isici somuntu ku-automation
Naphezu kwayo yonke intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, isici somuntu sihlala sibalulekile ku-automation embonini. Ishintsha kanjani indima yabantu kulo mkhakha omusha wezimboni?
Izindima namakhono amasha
Ukuzenzakalela kudala imisebenzi emisha edinga amakhono ahlukene. Abahleli bamarobhothi, ochwepheshe be-IoT, abahlaziyi bedatha yezimboni… Ingabe silungiselela abasebenzi kulezi zindima ezintsha? Amabhizinisi nezinhlelo zemfundo ziyazabalaza ukuqhubeka.
Umthelela emsebenzini
Akunakuphikwa ukuthi eminye imisebenzi izoshabalala ngenxa ye-automation. Nokho, imisebenzi emisha iyadalwa. Inselele iwukuphatha lolu shintsho. Singabaqeqesha kanjani kabusha abasebenzi abasuswa ezindaweni zabo? Ezinye izinkampani zitshala imali eningi ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha kabusha, kodwa ingabe kwanele?
Izindaba zempumelelo
Ithiyori iyinto eyodwa, kepha i-automation embonini ihumusha kanjani emiphumeleni ekhonkolo? Ake sibheke izibonelo ezithile ezikhuthazayo:
Izibonelo ezimbonini ezahlukene
- Imboni yezimoto:I-BMW isebenzise amarobhothi ahlanganyelwe emigqeni yawo yokukhiqiza, ikhulisa ukusebenza kahle ngo-85% emisebenzini ethile.
- Imboni yokudla: I-Nestlé isebenzisa izinhlelo zombono yokwenziwa yokulawula ikhwalithi, inciphisa amaphutha ngo-90%.
- LogisticsI-DHL yethule amarobhothi okukha ezindlini zawo zokugcina izimpahla, okwandisa umkhiqizo ngama-200%.
Okuzenzakalelayo embonini: Izifundo ezifundiwe
Lezi zindaba zempumelelo zisifundisa izifundo ezibalulekile:
- Ukubaluleka kokuqaliswa kancane kancane
- Isidingo sokubandakanya abasebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni
- Inani lokuguquguquka nokunwebeka kumasistimu azenzakalelayo
Ingabe usukulungele ukusebenzisa lezi zifundo kwelakho ibhizinisi?
Ikusasa lezimboni ezishintshayo
Liyini ikusasa le-automation embonini? Nakuba singenalo i-crystal ball, singakwazi ukuhlonza amathrendi athile acacile:
Izitayela zesikhashana
- Ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwe-Artificial Intelligence ezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo
- Ukwandisa okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ukuze kugcinwe nokuqeqeshwa
- Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwama-drones ukuhlola kanye nokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi
Umbono wesikhathi eside
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, singabona:
- Amafekthri azimele ngokugcwele azithuthukisa ngokwawo
- Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele phakathi izinhlelo zokukhiqiza kanye namaketanga okuhlinzeka emhlabeni jikelele
- Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu sibonga izinhlelo zokukhiqiza eziguquguqukayo kakhulu
Ungawubona ngeso lengqondo umhlaba lapho unga-oda khona umkhiqizo owenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ngokugcwele futhi uwuthole emahoreni ambalwa nje, konke ngenxa ye-automation?
Ukuzenzakalela embonini akulethi nje kuphela izinselele zobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kunezinselele zokuziphatha kanye nezenhlalo. Yiziphi ezinye zezinto ezikhathazayo kakhulu?
ukuthunyelwa komsebenzi
I-automation izosusa imisebenzi ethile nakanjani. Singaluqinisekisa kanjani ushintsho olunobulungiswa kubasebenzi abathintekile? Ezinye iziphakamiso zifaka:
- Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kabusha ezixhaswe yimboni
- Izinqubomgomo eziyisisekelo zemali engenayo yonke
- Izibonelelo zentela zezinkampani ezigcina futhi ziqeqeshe kabusha abasebenzi bazo
Ubumfihlo nokuphepha
Ngokukhula kokuxhumana kwezinhlelo zezimboni, ukukhathazeka mayelana nobumfihlo kanye nokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi kuyaphakama. Sizivikela kanjani izimboni zethu ezihlakaniphile ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi? Senzenjani ngayo yonke idatha ekhiqizwe yilawa masistimu?
Uzilungiselela kanjani i-automation
Ukuthi unebhizinisi noma wakha umsebenzi wakho, ukulungiselela i-automation kubalulekile. Yini ongayenza?
Amasu ezinkampani
- Yenza ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo: thola izindawo zamathuba
- Tshala imali ekuqeqeshweni: lungiselela abasebenzi bakho ukuze baguquke
- Qala ngamaphrojekthi wokuhlola: hlola ngaphambi kokukala
- Hlakulela isiko lokusungula izinto ezintsha: Ukuzenzakalela kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo okuqhubekayo
Ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe komuntu ngamunye
- Hlala unolwazi lwakamuva: landela izitayela zakamuva zokuzenzakalela
- Thuthukisa amakhono ahambisanayo: hlanganisa ulwazi lobuchwepheshe namakhono athambile
- Yiba nezimo: zilungiselele ukushintsha izindima noma ngisho nezimboni
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukufunda: ukuqhubeka nemfundo kubalulekile ku iminyaka yokuzenzakalela
Isiphetho se-automation embonini
Ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo embonini akuyona ikusasa; kuyimanje. Kuguqula indlela esikhiqiza, esisebenza ngayo, nesicabanga ngayo ngemboni. Nakuba kuletha izinselele, kunikeza namathuba amangalisayo okukhulisa ukusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Okubalulekile ukuthatha indlela elinganiselayo: ukusebenzisa amandla okuzenzakalela kuyilapho ubhekana nezidingo zomuntu kanye nokukhathazeka. Phela ubuchwepheshe kufanele busize abantu, hhayi ngenye indlela.
Ingabe usukulungele ukuba yingxenye yalolu shintsho lwezimboni? Ukuzenzakalela kuzohlala lapha, futhi labo abakwamukela ngobuhlakani nangokuziphatha bazobe besesimweni esihle sokuthuthuka enkathini entsha yezimboni.